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Dahmardeh T, Ghanian MH, Ebrahimi B. A self-gelling hydrogel based on thiolated hyaluronic acid for three-dimensional culture of ovine preantral follicles. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127147. [PMID: 37778594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) ovarian follicle culture offers a promising option for fertility preservation in patients who cannot receive ovarian tissue transplantation. Our research evaluated the potential of a hydrogel composed of thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) for ovine preantral follicle development compared to routinely used alginate hydrogel (ALG). Synthesized via a carbodiimide reaction, HA-SH facilitated a self-crosslinking hydrogel through disulfide bond formation. Ovine preantral follicles (200-300 μm) retrieved through mechanical and enzymatic methods were encapsulated individually in either ALG or HA-SH hydrogels. Although both hydrogels adequately supported follicle survival, 3D integrity, and antrum formation over a 17-day in vitro culture, follicle growth was significantly higher within the HA-SH hydrogel. Gene expression analysis underscored that some folliculogenesis-related genes (ZP3, BMP7, and GJA1) and a steroidogenic gene (CYP19A1) demonstrated higher expression levels in HA-SH encapsulated follicles versus ALG. Collectively, our findings advocate for HA-SH hydrogel as a potent biomaterial for in vitro follicle cultures, attributing its efficacy to facile gelation, bio-responsiveness, and superior support for follicle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Dahmardeh
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Basic Science and Advanced Medical Technologies, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghanian
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bita Ebrahimi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Robinson PJ, Pringle MA, Fleming B, Bulleid NJ. Distinct role of ERp57 and ERdj5 as a disulfide isomerase and reductase during ER protein folding. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286707. [PMID: 36655611 PMCID: PMC10022741 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins entering the secretory pathway need to attain native disulfide pairings to fold correctly. For proteins with complex disulfides, this process requires the reduction and isomerisation of non-native disulfides. Two key members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family, ERp57 and ERdj5 (also known as PDIA3 and DNAJC10, respectively), are thought to be required for correct disulfide formation but it is unknown whether they act as a reductase, an isomerase or both. In addition, it is unclear how reducing equivalents are channelled through PDI family members to substrate proteins. Here, we show that neither enzyme is required for disulfide formation, but ERp57 is required for isomerisation of non-native disulfides within glycoproteins. In addition, alternative PDIs compensate for the absence of ERp57 to isomerise glycoprotein disulfides, but only in the presence of a robust reductive pathway. ERdj5 is required for this alternative pathway to function efficiently indicating its role as a reductase. Our results define the essential cellular functions of two PDIs, highlighting a distinction between formation, reduction and isomerisation of disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip John Robinson
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Marie Anne Pringle
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Bethany Fleming
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Neil John Bulleid
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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3
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van Lith M, Pringle MA, Fleming B, Gaeta G, Im J, Gilmore R, Bulleid NJ. A cytosolic reductase pathway is required for efficient N-glycosylation of an STT3B-dependent acceptor site. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:273533. [PMID: 34734627 PMCID: PMC8645230 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation of proteins entering the secretory pathway is an essential modification required for protein stability and function. Previously, it has been shown that there is a temporal relationship between protein folding and glycosylation, which influences the occupancy of specific glycosylation sites. Here, we used an in vitro translation system that reproduces the initial stages of secretory protein translocation, folding and glycosylation under defined redox conditions. We found that the efficiency of glycosylation of hemopexin was dependent upon a robust NADPH-dependent cytosolic reductive pathway, which could be mimicked by the addition of a membrane-impermeable reducing agent. We identified a hypoglycosylated acceptor site that is adjacent to a cysteine involved in a short-range disulfide. We show that efficient glycosylation at this site is influenced by the cytosolic reductive pathway acting on both STT3A- and STT3B-dependent glycosylation. Our results provide further insight into the important role of the endoplasmic reticulum redox conditions in glycosylation site occupancy and demonstrate a link between redox conditions in the cytosol and glycosylation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel van Lith
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Marie Anne Pringle
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Bethany Fleming
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Giorgia Gaeta
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Jisu Im
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reid Gilmore
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Neil J Bulleid
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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4
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Kollár L, Gobec M, Szilágyi B, Proj M, Knez D, Ábrányi-Balogh P, Petri L, Imre T, Bajusz D, Ferenczy GG, Gobec S, Keserű GM, Sosič I. Discovery of selective fragment-sized immunoproteasome inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113455. [PMID: 33894528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Proteasomes contribute to maintaining protein homeostasis and their inhibition is beneficial in certain types of cancer and in autoimmune diseases. However, the inhibition of the proteasomes in healthy cells leads to unwanted side-effects and significant effort has been made to identify inhibitors specific for the immunoproteasome, especially to treat diseases which manifest increased levels and activity of this proteasome isoform. Here, we report our efforts to discover fragment-sized inhibitors of the human immunoproteasome. The screening of an in-house library of structurally diverse fragments resulted in the identification of benzo[d]oxazole-2(3H)-thiones, benzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-thiones, benzo[d]imidazole-2(3H)-thiones, and 1-methylbenzo[d]imidazole-2(3H)-thiones (with a general term benzoXazole-2(3H)-thiones) as inhibitors of the chymotrypsin-like (β5i) subunit of the immunoproteasome. A subsequent structure-activity relationship study provided us with an insight regarding growing vectors. Binding to the β5i subunit was shown and selectivity against the β5 subunit of the constitutive proteasome was determined. Thorough characterization of these compounds suggested that they inhibit the immunoproteasome by forming a disulfide bond with the Cys48 available specifically in the β5i active site. To obtain fragments with biologically more tractable covalent interactions, we performed a warhead scan, which yielded benzoXazole-2-carbonitriles as promising starting points for the development of selective immunoproteasome inhibitors with non-peptidic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Kollár
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martina Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bence Szilágyi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matic Proj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Knez
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Péter Ábrányi-Balogh
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Petri
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Imre
- MS Metabolomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Bajusz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György G Ferenczy
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - György M Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Izidor Sosič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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5
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Cao X, Lilla S, Cao Z, Pringle MA, Oka OBV, Robinson PJ, Szmaja T, van Lith M, Zanivan S, Bulleid NJ. The mammalian cytosolic thioredoxin reductase pathway acts via a membrane protein to reduce ER-localised proteins. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs241976. [PMID: 32184267 PMCID: PMC7197872 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.241976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Folding of proteins entering the mammalian secretory pathway requires the insertion of the correct disulfides. Disulfide formation involves both an oxidative pathway for their insertion and a reductive pathway to remove incorrectly formed disulfides. Reduction of these disulfides is crucial for correct folding and degradation of misfolded proteins. Previously, we showed that the reductive pathway is driven by NADPH generated in the cytosol. Here, by reconstituting the pathway using purified proteins and ER microsomal membranes, we demonstrate that the thioredoxin reductase system provides the minimal cytosolic components required for reducing proteins within the ER lumen. In particular, saturation of the pathway and its protease sensitivity demonstrates the requirement for a membrane protein to shuttle electrons from the cytosol to the ER. These results provide compelling evidence for the crucial role of the cytosol in regulating ER redox homeostasis, ensuring correct protein folding and facilitating the degradation of misfolded ER proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Cao
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Zhenbo Cao
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Marie Anne Pringle
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ojore B V Oka
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Philip J Robinson
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Tomasz Szmaja
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Marcel van Lith
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Neil J Bulleid
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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6
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Anzai I, Tokuda E, Handa S, Misawa H, Akiyama S, Furukawa Y. Oxidative misfolding of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase triggered by non-canonical intramolecular disulfide formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:187-199. [PMID: 31863908 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Misfolded Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a pathological species in a subset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Oxidative stress is known to increase in affected spinal cords of ALS and is thus considered to cause damages on SOD1 leading to the misfolding and aggregation. Despite this, it still remains elusive what triggers misfolding of SOD1 under oxidizing environment. Here, we show that a thiol group of Cys111 in SOD1 is oxidized to a sulfenic acid with hydrogen peroxide and reveal that further dissociation of the bound metal ions from the oxidized SOD1 allows another free Cys residue (Cys6) to nucleophilically attack the sulfenylated Cys111. As a result, an intra-molecular disulfide bond forms between Cys6 and Cys111. Such an abnormal SOD1 with the non-canonical disulfide bond was conformationally extended with significant cytotoxicity as well as high propensity to aggregate. Taken together, we propose a new model of SOD1 misfolding under oxidizing environment, in which formation of the non-canonical intramolecular disulfide bond plays a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuki Anzai
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tokuda
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Sumika Handa
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hidemi Misawa
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Shuji Akiyama
- Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS), Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan; Department of Functional Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
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7
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Abstract
Thiol groups in protein cysteine residues can be subjected to different oxidative modifications by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Reversible cysteine oxidation, including S-nitrosylation, S-sulfenylation, S-glutathionylation, and disulfide formation, modulate multiple biological functions, such as enzyme catalysis, antioxidant, and other signaling pathways. However, the biological relevance of reversible cysteine oxidation is typically underestimated, in part due to the low abundance and high reactivity of some of these modifications, and the lack of methods to enrich and quantify them. To facilitate future research efforts, this chapter describes detailed procedures to target the different modifications using mass spectrometry-based biotin switch assays. By switching the modification of interest to a biotin moiety, these assays leverage the high affinity between biotin and avidin to enrich the modification. The use of stable isotope labeling and a range of selective reducing agents facilitate the quantitation of individual as well as total reversible cysteine oxidation. The biotin switch assay has been widely applied to the quantitative analysis of S-nitrosylation in different disease models and is now also emerging as a valuable research tool for other oxidative cysteine modifications, highlighting its relevance as a versatile, robust strategy for carrying out in-depth studies in redox proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Li
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Kast
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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8
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Yang J, Goetze AM, Flynn GC. Assessment of naturally occurring covalent and total dimer levels in human IgG1 and IgG2. Mol Immunol 2013; 58:108-15. [PMID: 24321397 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibody dimers, two self-associated monomers, have been detected on both recombinantly expressed and endogenous human IgG proteins. Nearly 10 years ago, Yoo et al. (2003) described low levels of IgG2 covalent dimer, in human serum, but did not quantify the levels. Here we quantify the total and covalent dimer levels of IgG2 and IgG1 in human blood, and study the origin of covalent dimer formation. Low levels (<1%) of total IgG1 and IgG2 dimers were measured in freshly prepared human plasma. Both IgG1 and IgG2 covalent dimers were also found in plasma. Whereas IgG1 covalent dimer levels were significantly reduced by steps intended to eliminate artifacts during sample preparation, IgG2 covalent dimer levels remain stable in such conditions. About 0.4% of IgG2 in plasma was in a covalent dimer form, yet very little (<0.03%) of IgG1 covalent dimer could be considered naturally occurring. IgG2 dimer also formed in vitro under conditions designed to mimic those in blood, suggesting that formation occurs in vivo during circulation. Thus, small amounts of covalent IgG2 dimer do appear to form naturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Yang
- Department of Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, 91320, United States
| | - Andrew M Goetze
- Department of Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, 91320, United States
| | - Gregory C Flynn
- Department of Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, 91320, United States.
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