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Zhang B, Tu X, Gu Z. Myxobolus shuifuensis sp. n. (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) infecting the exotic mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala feral in China. Parasitol Int 2023; 94:102732. [PMID: 36623801 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Myxobolus species represents a group of cosmopolitan metazoan parasites commonly harbored in the farmed and wild fish populations. Here, a species of Myxobolus is found in the kidney of an exotic mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala feral in the Yangtze River and utilized for an integrative characterization. Ellipsoidal myxospores are measured at 15.68 ± 0.8 (13.93-17.11) × 11.42 ± 0.54 (10.34-12.3) × 7.94 ± 0.35 (7.58-8.5) μm in dimension. The polar capsules are pyriform, and unequal in size. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of the present isolates are distinct from those of other congeners. Molecularly, the pairwise comparison based on the SSU rDNA sequence indicates that the present amplicon does not match any sequences available in the GenBank database and shares the highest similarity of 92.12% to Myxobolus pavlovskii (MG520369). Accordingly, we propose a name Myxobolus shuifuensis sp. n. for the present isolates. Phylogenetical trees indicate an apparent host-associated phylogenetic pattern. M. shuifuensis sp. n. groups loosely with other Myxobolus species isolated from Cirrhinus fish. Insead, it forms a sister clade to some myxosporeans belonging to the Thelohanellus genus. This result underpins the species identification and provides evidence for challenging the taxonomic separation among both morphologically comparable genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-reference laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Tu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-reference laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zemao Gu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-reference laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Khurana H, Sharma M, Bharti M, Singh DN, Negi RK. Gut milieu shapes the bacterial communities of invasive silver carp. Genomics 2021; 113:815-826. [PMID: 33508444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silver carp is an invasive fish present in the Gobindsagar reservoir, India and has a profound impact on aquaculture. Understanding taxonomic diversity and functional attributes of gut microbiota will provide insights into the important role of bacteria in metabolism of silver carp that facilitated invasion of this exotic species. Microbial composition in foregut, midgut, hindgut and water samples was analysed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The bacterial communities of water samples were distinct from gut microbiota, and unique microbial assemblages were present in different regions of gut depicting profound impact of gut environment on microflora. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phyla across all samples. Ecological network analysis showed dominance of competitive interactions within posteriors region of the gut, promoting niche specialization. Predictive functional profiling revealed the microbiota specialized in digestive functions in different regions of the gut, which also reflects the dietary profile of silver carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Khurana
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Monika Sharma
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Meghali Bharti
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | | | - Ram Krishan Negi
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Assef YA, Di Prinzio CY, Horak CN. Differential activities of the multixenobiotic resistance mechanism in freshwater fishes inhabiting environments of Patagonia Argentina. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 217:32-40. [PMID: 30500451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Environmental impairment resulted from urbanizations can produce damage on freshwater species including strong physiological effects at individual or population level. The multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) is a defence mechanism which has been demonstrated in several aquatic organisms. The key mediators of MXR activity are ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins like P-glycoprotein (P-gp). This system protects aquatic organisms against the accumulation of xenobiotics by extruding them from cells in an energy-dependent manner. MXR has been pointed out as relevant in the ecotoxicological context and has been proposed as a biomarker for pollution assessment. Since fish species are common target in freshwater biomonitoring programs, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the MXR mechanism in native Hatcheria macraei (Patagonian catfish) and exotics Salmo trutta (brown trout), Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon) freshwater fishes widespread in Argentine Patagonia. We characterized the MXR mechanism using a combination of functional assays and Western blot analysis. Our results in different tissues such as liver, gills, muscle and epidermis indicate that the fishes studied have different species-specific levels of MXR activity, being gills and liver the tissues with greater detoxifying activity. Induction of MXR transport activity was also identified in liver tissue from rainbow trout from urban stream suggesting their suitability in the biomonitoring of aquatic environments subjected to urban contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina A Assef
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET-UNPSJB, Roca 780, 9200 Esquel, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - Cecilia Y Di Prinzio
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET-UNPSJB, Roca 780, 9200 Esquel, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Cristina N Horak
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET-UNPSJB, Roca 780, 9200 Esquel, Argentina
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Abstract
Biomonitoring is a common method to monitor environmental change in river ecosystems, a key advantage of biomonitoring over snap-shot physicochemical monitoring is that it provides a more stable, long-term insight into change that is also effects-based. In New Zealand, the main biomonitoring method is a macroinvertebrate sensitivity scoring index, with little established methods available for biomonitoring of fish. This study models the contemporary distribution of common freshwater fish and then uses those models to predict freshwater fish assemblages for each river reach under reference conditions. Comparison of current fish assemblages with those predicted in reference conditions (as observed/expected (O/E) ratios) may provide a suitable option for freshwater fish biomonitoring. Most of the fish communities throughout the central North Island and lower reaches show substantial deviation from the modelled reference community. Most of this deviation is explained by nutrient enrichment, followed by downstream barriers (i.e. dams) and loss of riparian vegetation. The presence of modelled introduced species had relatively little impact on the presence of the modelled native fish. The maps of O/E fish assemblage may provide a rapid way to identify potential restoration sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Canning
- Wellington Fish and Game Council, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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