Sealing Ability of Nano-fast Cement vs. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as Retrograde Apical Plugs: An In-vitro Microleakage Study

Introduction

Apical surgery aims to eradicate the apical part of the root and the lesion to enhance the healing. The sealing ability of retrograde filling material is an essential factor affecting the success rate of the surgery. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is the gold standard of retrograde filling materials, with approved sealing capability and biocompatibility. Newly introduced root repair material with an approved antibacterial effect similar to MTA is Nano-fast cement (NFC) which should be investigated for its sealing ability. This study aimed to evaluate the sealing ability of NFC vs. MTA.

Materials and Methods

Root apices of 48 single-rooted teeth were resected at 90 degrees and were prepared at 3 mm depth. The teeth were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (n=21), negative control group (n=3), and positive control group (n= 3). MTA and NFC plugs were condensed as retrograde filling material. The samples were evaluated by a modified fluid filtration device for 1 hour. The measurement was conducted at 24 h, 1, and 3 months. Data were analyzed by Friedman Test and Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results

According to the results, NFC at 3-months interval showed the least microleakage, and MTA had the highest at the baseline. However, the results between the two groups were not statistically significant in all intervals. NFC reached the ideal sealing ability within 1 month, which was reached for MTA after 3 months.

Conclusions

The results of this in vitro study showed that the microleakage value of NFC is comparable to MTA. In light of current findings, NFC shows characteristics of a suitable calcium silicate-based cement. Further clinical researches are needed to introduce the NFC as retrograde apical plug or for other endodontic applications.

Sealing ability of three different materials to repair furcation perforations using computerized fluid filtration method

Background. The present study aimed to evaluate the sealing ability of three different calcium silicate-based materials in furcation perforations.

Methods. Seventy-six human mandibular molar teeth were selected. Perforations were created in the center of the pulp chamber floor. The experimental teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=22). Perforations were repaired with MTA Angelus, Endocem MTA, or EndoSequence BioCeramic Root Repair Material Fast Set Putty (BC-RRM Putty). Microleakage of the different repair materials to be tested was measured by computerized fluid filtration method at 24- and 72-hour intervals.

Results. For each time interval, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. For Endocem MTA and BC-RRM Putty groups, the difference between the leakage values measured at both periods was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference for the MTA Angelus group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion. All the calcium silicate-based materials used in the present study showed similar performance in repairing furcation perforations at 24- and 72-hour intervals.

The Effects of Alkaline pH on Microleakage of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium Enriched Mixture Apical Plugs

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Alkaline pH can affect the physical and chemical properties and sealing ability of apical plug material. Calcium hydroxide is used as an intracanal medication to complete disinfection of root canals. It raises the pH of environment to alkaline value.

PURPOSE

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effect of alkaline pH on the sealing ability of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plugs.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

Seventy single-rooted human maxillary anterior teeth were randomly divided to two experimental groups for Angelus MTA and CEM cement (n=30) and two control groups (n=5). Each group was divided into two subgroups of 15 for neutral and alkaline pH, and 1 negative and 1 positive control groups of 5. The root canals were cleaned and shaped by using ProTaper rotary system (Dentsply Maillefer; Ballaigues, Switzerland) and the terminal 3mm of the roots were resected. Then, MTA and CEM cement were condensed in apical region with 3mm thickness. The samples were exposed to two environments with different pH values of 13 and 7.4. The leakage was assessed by using the fluid filtration technique at 1, 7, 14, 30 days intervals. Data were analyzed by the repeated measures MANOVA.

RESULTS

There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of microleakage between neutral and alkaline pH of CEM cement and MTA (p> 0.05). The sealing ability of MTA in an alkaline pH of 13 was significantly less than CEM cement in this pH (p< 0.05).

CONCLUSION

An environment with alkaline pH had no adverse effect on the sealing ability of MTA and CEM cement used as apical plugs. CEM cement had better sealing ability in alkaline pH.

The Effect of Acidic pH on Microleakage of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium-Enriched Mixture Apical Plugs

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this laboratory study was to evaluate the effect of acidic pH on the sealing ability of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plugs.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

Seventy single-rooted human maxillary anterior teeth were recruited. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (n=15), and 1 negative and 1 positive control groups of 5. The root canals were cleaned and shaped and the terminal 3 mm of the roots were resected. Then MTA and CEM cement plugs were condensed in apical region with 3 mm thicknesses. The samples were exposed to pH values of 5.5 and 7.4. Leakage was evaluated by the fluid filtration technique at 1, 7, 14, 30 day intervals. Data were analyzed by the repeated measures MANOVA, one-way ANOVA and MANOVA/Bonferroni test.

RESULTS

Acidic pH significantly reduced the sealing ability of MTA after 1, 14 and 30 days (P<0.05). The rate of microleakage in CEM cement samples in acidic pH was significantly greater than that in neutral pH in day 30 (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the sealing property of MTA and CEM cement at both pH levels (P>0.05).

CONCLUSION

It can be concluded that the CEM cement exhibited similar sealing ability as MTA at both pH levels. In addition, an acidic pH environment reduced the sealing ability of MTA and CEM cement after 30 days.

Comparative study on the microleakage of three root canal sealers

 

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this study was to examine and compare the apical sealing ability of AH26, AH Plus and AH Plus Jet using the fluid filtration model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this experimental study, 70 single-rooted teeth were dissected from the cement-enamel junction. Canals were prepared with ProTaper rotary system and hand K-files and irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. Ten teeth were assigned to the control group and divided into 5 positive and 5 negative controls. Remaining specimens were divided into 3 groups of 20 samples each and filled with gutta percha by lateral condensation technique. Each sample group was filled with either AH26, AH Plus or AH Plus Jet. Microleakage was assessed on the 2(nd) and 30(th) day by the amount of air bubble movement within the capillary glass tube connected to the root. One-way ANOVA test was used for analysis.

RESULTS

AH Plus Jet had the least microleakage value and AH Plus presented the highest rate; however, the differences were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION

Under the conditions of this study, all three studied sealers provided satisfactory seal within the two time intervals. AH Plus Jet demonstrated slightly lower microleakage values; therefore, its application can be recommended in endodontic therapy.

The Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on the Short and Long-Term Sealing Properties of MTA Apical Barrier

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of remnant root canal medicament, calcium hydroxide on the short and long term sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical barrier.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fifty single-rooted teeth were prepared and apical resorptions were made using sulfuric acid. The teeth were allocated into two experimental groups and two control groups. In group 1, calcium hydroxide was placed into canals for one week. In group 2, no medication was placed. In both groups, a 4-mm MTA plug was placed in the root canals. The remaining portion of the canal was filled with gutta-percha/sealer. The microleakage was evaluated after 7 days and 3 months using fluid filtration technique. Repeated measurement ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

There was no significant difference in sealing ability between the two groups in either time periods. In both groups, microleakage decreased after three months but this decrease was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION

Medication with calcium hydroxide had no adverse effect on the short and long-term sealing properties of MTA plug.

The Effect of Blood on Apical Microleakage of Epiphany and AH26: An In Vitro Study

 

INTRODUCTION

Blood contamination of the canal during preparation can be a major problem in endodontics; this may result in apical microleakage. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of blood on apical microleakage of a resin-based root canal sealer (AH26) and a polymer-based root canal sealer (Epiphany).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this experimental study, 50 decoronated central incisors and canine teeth were prepared by RaCe rotary system and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10). Groups A1 and A2 were obturated by Epiphany/Resilon and AH26/Gutta-percha, respectively. The obturations were performed with a single cone technique after drying root canals. In B1 and B2 groups, the test groups, 0.02cc citrated human blood was injected into dried root canals and they were obturated in the same manner. Ten specimens were served as positive and negative controls (n=5).The apical leakage was measured by means of a computerized fluid filtration method after 1 day and 3 weeks. The data was analyzed by One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Independent Sample t-test and univariate analysis. Statistical significances were preset at α=0.05.

RESULTS

There was no significant difference in apical microleakage of the two sealers after 1 day and 3 weeks in dry and blood environment (P>0.05). Sealer and environment had no interaction (P>0.05).

CONCLUSION

Blood contamination has no significant effect on the apical microleakage of Epiphny and AH26.

Assembling of fluid filtration system for quantitative evaluation of microleakage in dental materials

INTRODUCTION

There are several methods for evaluating microleakage in dentistry, for example dye or bacterial leakage, electro-chemical methods, radioisotope labeling and fluid filtration. The purpose of this study was to assemble the fluid filtration system for quantitative evaluation of microleakage in dental materials.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The roots were connected to a tube filled with an underwater pressure supply. A bubble was introduced into the water to measure endodontic leakage. A digital camera and professional software were utilized to record and measure the bubble displacement.

RESULTS

Our system was constructed successfully and functioned correctly.

CONCLUSION

In this pilot study we found this system efficient for the evaluation of microleakage of dental materials.

An in-vitro evaluation of sealing ability of real seal using fluid filtration

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this study was to compare the sealing ability of Real Seal (RS) and Gutta-percha (GP).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Forty nine extracted human maxillary central incisors were used. The coronal part of each tooth was removed, the root canal was prepared using the crown down technique and apical enlargement to rotary file # 40. The specimens were randomly divided in to 3 groups of 15 each and two control groups of 2 each. Group 1, was obturated with RS and group 2 and 3 were obturated with GP and AH26 sealer by lateral condensation technique. In group 1 and 3 the smear layer was removed by 5mL of 5.25% NaOCl and 3mL of 17% EDTA. Leakage of the obturated roots was measured using the fluid filtration technique. This method was done at 2 min intervals for 8 min. data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests.

RESULTS

Statistical analysis indicated significant differences between groups 2 with 1 and 3. The most leakage value was observed in the group 2.

CONCLUSION

Root canal filling with RS or GP in combination with smear layer removal showed better sealing. Therefore the smear layer has more effect one apical leakage than the obturation system.