1
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Zhang T, Li B, Dong W, Wan Y, Li Y. Acidic pH or salt treatment can convert soluble antibody aggregates in culture harvest into monomers and improve Protein A chromatography step yield. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 215:106391. [PMID: 37939750 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
While purifying a regular monospecific antibody, we found that the Protein A step yield was much lower than expected. Further studies revealed that the antibody formed large-size aggregates that did not bind to the Protein A resin, hence leading to dropped recovery. In an attempt to solve this low yield issue, we found that mildly acidic pH or ammonium sulfate treatment can partially convert the aggregates into monomers. In addition, when acidic pH treated culture harvest was processed by Protein A chromatography, the yield was restored to the normal range, suggesting that the monomers recovered from aggregates regained Protein A binding capability. Thus, low pH treatment of culture harvest can be potentially used as a general approach for improving Protein A step yield in cases where non-binding antibody aggregates are formed through noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Downstream Process Development (DSPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Bin Li
- Downstream Process Development (DSPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Wanyuan Dong
- Downstream Process Development (DSPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Yan Wan
- Downstream Process Development (DSPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China.
| | - Yifeng Li
- Downstream Process Development (DSPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China.
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2
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De Luca A, Faienza F, Fulci C, Nicolai E, Calligari P, Palumbo C, Caccuri AM. Molecular and cellular evidence of a direct interaction between the TRAF2 C-terminal domain and ganglioside GM1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 167:106508. [PMID: 38142771 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) is involved in different cellular processes including signal transduction and transcription regulation. We here provide evidence of a direct interaction between the TRAF domain of TRAF2 and the monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1). Previously, we showed that the TRAF domain occurs mainly in a trimeric form in solution, but it can also exist as a stable monomer when in the nanomolar concentration range. Here, we report that the quaternary structure of the TRAF domain is also affected by pH changes, since a weakly acidic pH (5.5) favors the dissociation of the trimeric TRAF domain into stable monomers, as previously observed at neutral pH (7.6) with the diluted protein. The TRAF domain-GM1 binding was similar at pH 5.5 and 7.6, suggesting that GM1 interacts with both the trimeric and monomeric forms of the protein. However, only the monomeric protein appeared to cause membrane deformation and inward vesiculation in GM1-containing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The formation of complexes between GM1 and TRAF2, or its TRAF domain, was also observed in cultured human leukemic HAP1 cells expressing either the truncated TRAF domain or the endogenous full length TRAF2. The GM1-protein complexes were observed after treatment with tunicamycin and were more concentrated in cells undergoing apoptosis, a condition which is known to cause cytoplasm acidification. These findings open the avenue for future studies aimed at deciphering the physiopathological relevance of the TRAF domain-GM1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiorella Faienza
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Fulci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calligari
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Palumbo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Caccuri
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; The NAST Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Innovative Instrumentation, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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3
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Tisarum R, Rika R, Pipatsitee P, Sotesaritkul T, Samphumphuang T, Cha-um K, Cha-um S. Iron (Fe) toxicity, uptake, translocation, and physio-morphological responses in Catharanthus roseus. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2023; 29:1289-1299. [PMID: 38024951 PMCID: PMC10678865 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) toxicity in plant species depends on the availability of Fe in the soil, uptake ability by the root system, and translocation rate to other parts of the plant. The aim of this study was to assess Fe uptake by root tissues of Catharanthus roseus, translocation rate to leaf tissues, and the impairment of plant physio-morphological characteristics. Fe uptake by the roots (~ 700 µg g-1 DW) of C. roseus was observed during the early exposure period (1 week), and translocation factor from root to shoot was fluctuated as an independent strategy. A high level of Fe content in the root tissues significantly inhibited root length and root dry weight. Under acidic pH condition, an enrichment of Fe in the shoots (~ 400 µg g-1 DW) led to increase in leaf temperature (> 2.5 °C compared to control) and crop stress index (> 0.6), resulting in stomatal closure, subsequently decreasing CO2 assimilation rate and H2O transpiration rate. An increment of CSI in Fe-stressed plants was negatively related to stomatal conductance, indicating stomatal closure with an increase in Fe in the leaf tissues. High Fe levels in the leaf tissues directly induced toxic symptoms including leaf bronzing, leaf spotting, leaf necrosis, leaf chlorosis, and leaf senescence in C. roseus plants. In summary, C. roseus was identified as a good candidate plant for Fe phytoextraction, depending on Fe bioaccumulation, therefore 50 mM Fe treatment was designated as an excess Fe to cause the growth inhibition, especially in the prolonged Fe incubation periods. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01379-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujira Tisarum
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd., Khlong Nuang, Khlong Luang, 12120 Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Rika Rika
- Indonesia International Institute for Life Science, Jl. Pulomas Barat Kav. 88, Jakarta Timur, 13210 Indonesia
| | - Piyanan Pipatsitee
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd., Khlong Nuang, Khlong Luang, 12120 Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Sotesaritkul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd., Khlong Nuang, Khlong Luang, 12120 Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Thapanee Samphumphuang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd., Khlong Nuang, Khlong Luang, 12120 Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Kwankhao Cha-um
- Science Classrooms in University-Affiliated School Project (SCIUS), Thamasart University, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120 Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Suriyan Cha-um
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd., Khlong Nuang, Khlong Luang, 12120 Pathum Thani Thailand
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Singh S, Patidar R, Srivastava VC, Qiao Q, Kumar P, Singh A, Lo SL. Peroxymonosulfate activation with an α-MnO 2/Mn 2O 3/Mn 3O 4 hybrid system: parametric optimization and oxidative degradation of organic dye. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27422-2. [PMID: 37243765 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study proposed the synthesis of low-toxicity and eco-friendly spherically shaped manganese oxides (α-MnO2, Mn2O3, and Mn3O4) by using the chemical precipitation method. The unique variable oxidation states and different structural diversity of manganese-based materials have a strong effect on fast electron transfer reactions. XRD, SEM, and BET analyses were used to confirm the structure morphology, higher surface area, and excellent porosity. The catalytic activity of as-prepared manganese oxides (MnOx) was investigated for the rhodamine B (RhB) organic pollutant with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation under the condition of control pH. In acidic conditions (pH = 3), complete RhB degradation and 90% total organic carbon (TOC) reduction were attained in 60 min. The effects of operating parameters such as solution pH, PMS loading, catalyst dosage, and dye concentration on RhB removal reduction were also tested. The different oxidation states of MnOx promote the oxidative-reductive reaction under acidic conditions and enhance the SO4•-/•OH radical formation during the treatment, whereas the higher surface area offers sufficient absorption sites for interaction of the catalyst with pollutants. A scavenger experiment was used to investigate the generation of more reactive species that participate in dye degradation. The effect of inorganic anions on divalent metal ions that genuinely occur in water bodies was also studied. Additionally, separation and mass analysis were used to investigate the RhB dye degradation mechanism at optimum conditions based on the intermediate's identification. Repeatability tests confirmed that MnOx showed superb catalytic performance on its removal trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Singh
- School of Applied & Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ritesh Patidar
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, Rajasthan, 324010, India
| | - Vimal Chandra Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Qicheng Qiao
- School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nantong College of Science and Technology, Nantong City, Jiangsu, 226007, People's Republic of China
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ajay Singh
- School of Applied & Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Shang-Lien Lo
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Water Innovation, Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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5
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Zhang D, Wang S, Yang F, Li Z, Huang W. Visual inspection of acidic pH and bisulfite in white wine using a colorimetric and fluorescent probe. Food Chem 2023; 408:135200. [PMID: 36528990 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The acidic pH and total amount of SO2 are both important quality control indexes of wine, but conventional detection techniques depend heavily on specialized instrument and professional staff, thus are not available to general customers. In this paper, a hemicyanine-based colorimetric and fluorescent probe Hcy-Py was designed and synthesized. It responded to bisulfite selectively with a LOD of 0.68 μM and responded to proton with a pKa of 3.78. Upon the treatment of solutions with different pH values and concentrations of bisulfite, the probe-loaded paper strips displayed distinct color changes under both natural light and UV lamp. When a real white wine sample was subjected to the paper strip experiment, pH as well as bisulfite concentration could be determined by naked-eye quickly and conveniently, thus a visual detection of acidic pH and bisulfite in white wine without involving any sophisticated instrument or professional skill was successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sifan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fangxi Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zicheng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wencai Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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6
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Aki S, Nakahara R, Maeda K, Osawa T. Cancer metabolism within tumor microenvironments. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130330. [PMID: 36804842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor microenvironments could determine cancer heterogeneity and malignancy. Hypoxia, nutrition starvation, and acidic pH could contribute to cancer malignancy associated with genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic alterations, promoting invasion and metastasis. Cancer cells adapting to extreme tumor microenvironments could enable evasion of cell death and immune responses. It could stimulate drug resistance and recurrence, resulting in poor patient prognosis. Therefore, investigating druggable targets of the malignant cancer cells within tumor microenvironments is necessary, but such treatments are limited. Cell-cell metabolic interaction may also contribute to cancer malignancy within the tumor microenvironments. Organelle-organelle interactions have recently gained attention as new cancer therapy targets as they play essential roles in the metabolic adaptation to the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we overview (1) metabolic alterations within tumor microenvironments, (2) cell-to-cell, and (3) organelle-to-organelle metabolic interactions, and we add novel insights into cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Aki
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nakahara
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Osawa
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.
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7
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Christmann J, Cao P, Becker J, Desiderato CK, Goldbeck O, Riedel CU, Kohlstedt M, Wittmann C. High-efficiency production of the antimicrobial peptide pediocin PA-1 in metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum using a microaerobic process at acidic pH and elevated levels of bivalent calcium ions. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:41. [PMID: 36849884 PMCID: PMC9969654 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediocin PA-1 is a bacteriocin of recognized value with applications in food bio-preservation and the medical sector for the prevention of infection. To date, industrial manufacturing of pediocin PA-1 is limited by high cost and low-performance. The recent establishment of the biotechnological workhorse Corynebacterium glutamicum as recombinant host for pediocin PA-1 synthesis displays a promising starting point towards more efficient production. RESULTS Here, we optimized the fermentative production process. Following successful simplification of the production medium, we carefully investigated the impact of dissolved oxygen, pH value, and the presence of bivalent calcium ions on pediocin production. It turned out that the formation of the peptide was strongly supported by an acidic pH of 5.7 and microaerobic conditions at a dissolved oxygen level of 2.5%. Furthermore, elevated levels of CaCl2 boosted production. The IPTG-inducible producer C. glutamicum CR099 pXMJ19 Ptac pedACDCg provided 66 mg L-1 of pediocin PA-1 in a two-phase batch process using the optimized set-up. In addition, the novel constitutive strain Ptuf pedACDCg allowed successful production without the need for IPTG. CONCLUSIONS The achieved pediocin titer surpasses previous efforts in various microbes up to almost seven-fold, providing a valuable step to further explore and develop this important bacteriocin. In addition to its high biosynthetic performance C. glutamicum proved to be highly robust under the demanding producing conditions, suggesting its further use as host for bacteriocin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Christmann
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute for Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Peng Cao
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute for Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Judith Becker
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute for Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian K. Desiderato
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Goldbeck
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian U. Riedel
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlstedt
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute for Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute for Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Song X, Liu BF, Kong F, Song Q, Ren NQ, Ren HY. Simultaneous chromium removal and lipid accumulation by microalgae under acidic and low temperature conditions for promising biodiesel production. Bioresour Technol 2023; 370:128515. [PMID: 36538957 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have become the hotspot of recent researches as heavy metals (HMs) adsorbent and biodiesel production feedstock. In this study, the cell growth, lipid production and Cr6+ removal of Parachlorella kessleri R-3 at pH 3.5 and 15 °C were investigated. It was found that low concentration of Cr6+ (0.5 to 2 mg/L) promoted the algal growth, whereas Cr6+ higher than 5 mg/L inhibited the growth of P. kessleri R-3. Biomass concentration (2.40 g/L) and lipid productivity (131.79 mg/L d-1) reached the highest at 2 mg/L Cr6+, and lipid content (61.03 %) reached the highest at 5 mg/L Cr6+. The maximum Cr6+ removal efficiency of 91 % was obtained at 0.5 mg/L Cr6+ treatment. Furthermore, fatty acid composition analysis showed that strain R-3 had a high C16-18 content of 74.88-89.21 %. This study provides new insight into the treatment of HMs and lipid production in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Fanying Kong
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hong-Yu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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9
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Ratna S, Daniel J. Stress-induced non-replicating Mycobacterium smegmatis incorporates exogenous fatty acids into glycopeptidolipids. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105943. [PMID: 36502992 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) such as Mycobacterium smegmatis accumulate high levels of glycopeptidolipids (GPLs) on their outer surface. The biosynthesis of GPLs is critically linked to biofilm formation by NTM which also includes opportunistic pathogens such as Mycobacterium abscessus. Although GPLs have been investigated in many earlier studies, the biosynthesis of GPLs using exogenous fatty acids in M. smegmatis subjected to stresses encountered by mycobacteria during infection of the human body has not been studied. Therefore, we subjected M. smegmatis to different combinations of the three stresses of hypoxia, acidic pH and nutrient starvation and report here that the metabolic incorporation of radiolabeled long-chain fatty acids into alkali-stable GPLs was significantly increased under these stress conditions. Endogenously synthesized fatty acids were not preferred for GPL biosynthesis by M. smegmatis subjected to the triple stress combination. Our observations indicate that GPLs may play important roles in cell surface modifications associated with the non-replicating state of M. smegmatis. Our experimental model reported here would be useful in the further study of GPL biosynthesis from exogenous fatty acid sources in M. smegmatis subjected to hypoxia, nutrient starvation and acidic stress conditions and help in the screening of candidate drugs that target this biochemical pathway in pathogenic NTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushanta Ratna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA
| | - Jaiyanth Daniel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA.
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10
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Bi J, Guo Q, Zhou Z, Huang X, Qin L, Tao X, Ye T, Chen L, Li G, Wang Z, Liu L, Zhang G. Malonylome analysis uncovers the association of lysine malonylation with metabolism and acidic stress in pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiol Res 2022; 265:127209. [PMID: 36174356 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the pathogenic agent of tuberculosis, remains a primary inducement of morbidity and mortality globally. Mtb have evolved mechanisms to recognize diverse signals, such as acidic pH within phagolysosomes and therefore to reprogram multiple physiological and metabolic processes to adapt to intracellular survival. Moreover, lysine malonylation has been suggested to participate in regulation of enzymes in carbon metabolism. However, lysine malonylation in Mtb and its association with acidic pH associated metabolism adaptation remain unknown. Here, we systematically characterized the comparative malonylome of Mtb H37Rv grown in normal (7H9-Tyloxapol (Ty)-7.4) and acidic (7H9-Ty-4.5) medium mimicking lysosome pH. In total, 2467 lysine malonylation sites within 1026 proteins were identified, which related to diverse biological processes, particularly accumulated in metabolic process. 1090 lysine malonylation sites from 562 proteins were quantified, among which 391 lysine malonylation sites in 273 protein were down-regulated while 40 lysine malonylation sites from 36 proteins were up-regulated in acidic medium, indicating that malonylation may participate in acidic pH associated metabolism. Accordingly, the enzyme activity of GlcB was reduced under acidic stress corresponding to decreased malonylation of GlcB compared with that of normal condition and this was further demonstrated by site-specific mutations. We further found that Mtb-CobB, a sirtuin-like deacetylase and desuccinylase, involved in demalonylase activity. Together, the Mtb malonylome not only indicates the critical role of malonylation in metabolism regulation, but may provide new insights of malonylation on metabolism adaptation to acidic micro-environment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bi
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Xiujing Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Linxiu Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tao
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Taosheng Ye
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Guangdong Centre for Tuberculosis Control, Guangzhou 510430, China
| | - Guobao Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Zhaoqin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China.
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Martín-Otal C, Navarro F, Casares N, Lasarte-Cía A, Sánchez-Moreno I, Hervás-Stubbs S, Lozano T, Lasarte JJ. Impact of tumor microenvironment on adoptive T cell transfer activity. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 2022; 370:1-31. [PMID: 35798502 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment of cancer. The use of adoptive cell therapies (ACT) such as those based on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or genetically modified cells (transgenic TCR lymphocytes or CAR-T cells), has shown impressive results in the treatment of several types of cancers. However, cancer cells can exploit mechanisms to escape from immunosurveillance resulting in many patients not responding to these therapies or respond only transiently. The failure of immunotherapy to achieve long-term tumor control is multifactorial. On the one hand, only a limited percentage of the transferred lymphocytes is capable of circulating through the bloodstream, interacting and crossing the tumor endothelium to infiltrate the tumor. Metabolic competition, excessive glucose consumption, the high level of lactic acid secretion and the extracellular pH acidification, the shortage of essential amino acids, the hypoxic conditions or the accumulation of fatty acids in the tumor microenvironment (TME), greatly hinder the anti-tumor activity of the immune cells in ACT therapy strategies. Therefore, there is a new trend in immunotherapy research that seeks to unravel the fundamental biology that underpins the response to therapy and identifies new approaches to better amplify the efficacy of immunotherapies. In this review we address important aspects that may significantly affect the efficacy of ACT, indicating also the therapeutic alternatives that are currently being implemented to overcome these drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Martín-Otal
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Flor Navarro
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Noelia Casares
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aritz Lasarte-Cía
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inés Sánchez-Moreno
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Hervás-Stubbs
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Lozano
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Juan José Lasarte
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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12
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Bosaid F, Aksel H, Azim AA. Influence of acidic pH on antimicrobial activity of different calcium silicate based-endodontic sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5369-5376. [PMID: 35511289 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibacterial activity of calcium silicate-based sealers (CSBSs) against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in a neutral or acidic condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dentin cylinders (4 mm length) were prepared and infected with 3-week-old E. faecalis. The samples were filled with BioRoot RCS (BR), EndoSequence BC (ES), and NeoMTA Plus (NMTA) and incubated in either neutral or acidic conditions for 7 days (n=10/group). Sterile or infected samples alone were used as the positive and negative control. The root canal sealers were removed after 7 days, and the remaining bacteria on dentinal walls were determined by colony-forming units (CFUs/ml), and three samples from each group were visualized under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The pH was also measured (n=3/group) after 4 h and 7 days of incubation at 37°C in both conditions. RESULTS In the neutral condition, all sealers significantly decreased the log-CFU values (p<0.05), while in the acidic condition, the log-CFU reduction was less for ES and NMTA, but a higher reduction was observed in BR (p<0.05). The antibacterial activity of CSBSs was similar in neutral conditions (p>0.05), and BR showed a greater antibacterial effect than ES and NMTA in the acidic condition (p<0.05). The pH of BR, ES, and NMTA ranged from 8.2 to 8.8 in the neutral condition in the presence of dentin after 7 days. However, acidic conditions reduced the pH values to 7.8 for BR, 6.0 for ES, and 5.8 for NMTA. CONCLUSIONS All CSBSs showed similar antibacterial activity in neutral conditions, while acidic pH had a reducing antibacterial effect on CSBSs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Inflammatory pH decreased the antibacterial properties of CSBSs depending on the sealer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Bosaid
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 240 Squire Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Hacer Aksel
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 240 Squire Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| | - Adham A Azim
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 240 Squire Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA. .,Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, 155 5th St, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA.
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13
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Boldrin F, Cioetto Mazzabò L, Lanéelle MA, Rindi L, Segafreddo G, Lemassu A, Etienne G, Conflitti M, Daffé M, Garzino Demo A, Manganelli R, Marrakchi H, Provvedi R. LysX2 is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis membrane protein with an extracytoplasmic MprF-like domain. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:85. [PMID: 35365094 PMCID: PMC8974105 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol (aaPG) synthases are bacterial enzymes that usually catalyze transfer of aminoacyl residues to the plasma membrane phospholipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG). The result is introduction of positive charges onto the cytoplasmic membrane, yielding reduced affinity towards cationic antimicrobial peptides, and increased resistance to acidic environments. Therefore, these enzymes represent an important defense mechanism for many pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which are known to encode for lysyl-(Lys)-PG synthase MprF and LysX, respectively. Here, we used a combination of bioinformatic, genetic and bacteriological methods to characterize a protein encoded by the Mtb genome, Rv1619, carrying a domain with high similarity to MprF-like domains, suggesting that this protein could be a new aaPG synthase family member. However, unlike homologous domains of MprF and LysX that are positioned in the cytoplasm, we predicted that the MprF-like domain in LysX2 is in the extracytoplasmic region. Results Using genetic fusions to the Escherichia coli proteins PhoA and LacZ of LysX2, we confirmed this unique membrane topology, as well as LysX and MprF as benchmarks. Expression of lysX2 in Mycobacterium smegmatis increased cell resistance to human β-defensin 2 and sodium nitrite, enhanced cell viability and delayed biofilm formation in acidic pH environment. Remarkably, MtLysX2 significantly reduced the negative charge on the bacterial surface upon exposure to an acidic environment. Additionally, we found LysX2 orthologues in major human pathogens and in rapid-growing mycobacteria frequently associated with human infections, but not in environmental and non-pathogenic mycobacteria. Conclusions Overall, our data suggest that LysX2 is a prototype of a new class within the MprF-like protein family that likely enhances survival of the pathogenic species through its catalytic domain which is exposed to the extracytoplasmic side of the cell membrane and is required to decrease the negative charge on the bacterial surface through a yet uncharacterized mechanism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02493-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie-Antoinette Lanéelle
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Rindi
- Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Greta Segafreddo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Anne Lemassu
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Etienne
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marta Conflitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mamadou Daffé
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alfredo Garzino Demo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Hedia Marrakchi
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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14
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhou A, Qu Q, Zhang X, Song B, Liu K, Xiong R, Huang C. "Turn-on" ratiometric fluorescent probe: Naked-eye detection of acidic pH and citric acid (CA) by using fluorescence spectrum and its application in real food samples and zebrafish. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 261:120014. [PMID: 34091361 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, accurate and efficient detection of acidic pH and citric acid (CA) changes is of great significance for predicting environmental and food safety problems by fluorescence analysis technique. Herein, a small molecule ratiometric fluorescent probe (BICL) based on benzoindole derivatives is successfully synthesized and characterized and used for quantitatively and qualitatively "turn-on" detection acid pH and CA changes in solution and environment by ultraviolet spectrum and fluorescence emission spectrum. On the one hand, the probe has a good linear relation to acidic pH in the pH range 3.1-4.5 (I604/I550 = 13.088-2.3878pH, R2 = 0.9986). On the other hand, the probe has a good linear relationship in the range of CA concentration of 14.0-23.0 μM (I604/I550 = 0.5324 [CA]-5.2628, R2 = 0.9993) and a low detection limit of 2.967 μM. BICL has a good recovery rate in the range of 114.6 ~ 101.0% and a low relative standard deviation (RSD) (0.0011 ~ 0.0092) in the determination of CA in real samples (water, drinks and fruits), which holds great potential for application in determination of CA in real samples. Importantly, the probe has good blood compatibility, and it has been successfully applied to detect exogenously induced changes in acidic pH and CA in zebrafish with great time-stability by using fluorescence imaging technology, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yanliang Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266235, China
| | - Aying Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qingli Qu
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bo Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Kunming Liu
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ranhua Xiong
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chaobo Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China.
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15
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Muntean CM, Dina NE, Bratu I, Tripon C, Niţu Năstase S, Coste A. Acidic pH-responsive changes of DNA structure and surface dynamics as probed with ultrasensitive Raman spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 258:119866. [PMID: 33957454 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work structural and (sub)picosecond surface dynamical changes of genomic DNA isolated from different medicinal plants (Hyssopus officinalis, Majorana hortensis, Melissa officinalis, Mentha piperita, Mentha piperita cv "Cristal", Monarda didyma and Matricaria chamomilla), as probed with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), are discussed upon modifying the acidic pH of mixtures consisting of silver colloidal suspension and DNA samples, respectively. Binding affinity changes of DNA with silver NPs and nucleic acids protonation are supposed to take place upon lowering the pH. A small percentage of Hoogsteen GC basepairs was found in Mentha piperita cv "Cristal" DNA, at low acidic pH. As a general observation, the global relaxation times corresponding to different functional groups of the investigated genomic DNAs, respectively, show a decrease of their values upon lowering the pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Muntean
- National Institute for Research & Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat St., RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Nicoleta E Dina
- National Institute for Research & Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat St., RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Bratu
- National Institute for Research & Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat St., RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Tripon
- National Institute for Research & Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat St., RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorina Niţu Năstase
- National Institute of Research and Development for Potato and Sugar Beet, Fundăturii 2, 500470 Braşov, Romania
| | - Ana Coste
- Institute of Biological Research, Branch of National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Republicii 48, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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16
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Guo W, Wang S, Zhang X, Shi M, Duan F, Hao J, Gu K, Quan L, Wu Y, Liang Z, Wang Y. Acidic pH transiently prevents the silencing of self-renewal and dampens microRNA function in embryonic stem cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1319-1329. [PMID: 36654154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced glycolysis is a distinct feature associated with numerous stem cells and cancer cells. However, little is known about its regulatory roles in gene expression and cell fate determination. Here, we confirm that glycolytic metabolism and lactate production decrease during the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Importantly, acidic pH due to lactate accumulation can transiently prevent the silencing of mESC self-renewal in differentiation conditions. Furthermore, acidic pH partially blocks the differentiation of human ESCs (hESCs). Mechanistically, acidic pH downregulates AGO1 protein and de-represses a subset of mRNA targets of miR-290/302 family of microRNAs which facilitate the exit of naive pluripotency state in mESCs. Interestingly, AGO1 protein is also downregulated by acidic pH in cancer cells. Altogether, this study provides insights into the potential function and underlying mechanism of acidic pH in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Guo
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feifei Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kaili Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yixia Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yangming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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17
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Campos-Quevedo N, Moreno-Perlin T, Razo-Flores E, Stams AJM, Celis LB, Sánchez-Andrea I. Acetotrophic sulfate-reducing consortia develop active biofilms on zeolite and glass beads in batch cultures at initial pH 3. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5213-5227. [PMID: 34125274 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfate-reducing microbial communities remain a suitable option for the remediation of acid mine drainage using several types of carrier materials and appropriate reactor configurations. However, acetate prevails as a product derived from the incomplete oxidation of most organic substrates by sulfate reducers, limiting the efficiency of the whole process. An established sulfate-reducing consortium, able to degrade acetate at initial acidic pH (3.0), was used to develop biofilms over granular activated carbon (GAC), glass beads, and zeolite as carrier materials. In batch assays using glycerol, biofilms successfully formed on zeolite, glass beads, and GAC with sulfide production rates of 0.32, 0.26, and 0.14 mmol H2S/L·d, respectively, but only with glass beads and zeolite, acetate was degraded completely. The planktonic and biofilm communities were determined by the 16S rRNA gene analysis to evaluate the microbial selectivity of the carrier materials. In total, 46 OTUs (family level) composed the microbial communities. Ruminococcaceae and Clostridiaceae families were present in zeolite and glass beads, whereas Peptococcaceae was mostly enriched on zeolite and Desulfovibrionaceae on glass beads. The most abundant sulfate reducer in the biofilm of zeolite was Desulfotomaculum sp., while Desulfatirhabdium sp. abounded in the planktonic community. With glass beads, Desulfovibrio sp. dominated the biofilm and the planktonic communities. Our results indicate that both materials (glass beads and zeolite) selected different key sulfate-reducing microorganisms able to oxidize glycerol completely at initial acidic pH, which is relevant for a future application of the consortium in continuous bioreactors to treat acidic streams. KEY POINTS: • Complete consumption of glycerol and acetate at acidic pH by sulfate reduction. • Glass beads and zeolite are suitable materials to form sulfate-reducing biofilms. • Acetotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria attached to zeolite preferably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohemi Campos-Quevedo
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a. Sección, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tonatiuh Moreno-Perlin
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a. Sección, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México
| | - Elías Razo-Flores
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a. Sección, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México
| | - Alfons J M Stams
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Lourdes B Celis
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a. Sección, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México.
| | - Irene Sánchez-Andrea
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Priya B, Mahajan V, Kumar N. Xanthene-based Fluorescence Turn-on Probe for Highly Acidic pH Range in Aqueous Solution. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:853-860. [PMID: 33768472 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A xanthene-based probe, Xanth-NPr, is developed as a molecular system that exhibits sensitivity for the highly acidic environments with fluorescence turn-on behavior. Xanth-NPr is designed on the principle of photoinduced electron transfer (PET), which controls the fluorescence profile of the probe. The structure of Xanth-NPr contains the dipropylaniline group as a PET promoting unit. Xanth-NPr exhibited quenched fluorescence as long as it is present in neutral or moderately acidic conditions. However, in the highly acidic pH range, it displayed a strong red-colored fluorescence at 592 nm as the protonation of dipropylaniline moiety inhibits the PET process. A model probe Xanth-M without any PET promoting unit was also synthesized. The model probe along with theoretical calculations was employed to explain the role of the PET process in regulating the fluorescence behavior of Xanth-NPr. Xanth-NPr showed linear fluorescence response as a function of pH in the range of 1 to 4.1 with the pKa value of 2.72. Likewise, its fluorescence profile is not altered by the presence of biologically relevant cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Priya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IKG-Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, 144603, Punjab, India
| | - Vibha Mahajan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IKG-Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, 144603, Punjab, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Sonepat, 131029, Haryana, India.
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19
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Khoramfar S, Jones KD, Ghobadi J, Taheri P. Effect of surfactants at natural and acidic pH on microbial activity and biodegradation of mixture of benzene and o-xylene. Chemosphere 2020; 260:127471. [PMID: 32682129 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to explore the effect of lowering pH and application of surfactants (Brij 35, Tween 20 and Saponin) in increasing bioavailability and biodegradability of benzene and o-xylene (BX) as two hydrophobic VOCs in a liquid mixture. All experiments were conducted at neutral and acidic pH to evaluate the effect of population change from bacteria to fungi on the BX biodegradation. The experiments demonstrated that acclimating wastewater inoculum at pH 4 increased the fungal to bacterial ratio. An increase of 11% for benzene and 22% for o-xylene was observed at pH 4 unamended-culture as compared to pH 7. Brij 35 was chosen as the optimum surfactant which was favorable for enhancing the bioavailability of BX at pH 4. Fitting the experimental data to pseudo first-order biodegradation kinetics model showed the BX were biodegraded faster in the presence of optimum surfactant at pH 7 than pH 4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim D Jones
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, 78363, USA.
| | | | - Parisa Taheri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
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20
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Lee-Rueckert M, Lappalainen J, Leinonen H, Plihtari R, Nordström T, Åkerman K, Öörni K, Kovanen PT. Acidic extracellular pH promotes accumulation of free cholesterol in human monocyte-derived macrophages via inhibition of ACAT1 activity. Atherosclerosis 2020; 312:1-7. [PMID: 32942042 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In focal areas of advanced human atherosclerotic lesions, the intimal fluid is acidic. An acidic medium impairs the ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages, so tending to increase their content of free cholesterol, which is then available for esterification by the macrophage enzyme ACAT1. Here we investigated whether low extracellular pH would affect the activity of ACAT1. METHODS - Human monocyte-derived macrophages were first incubated with acetyl-LDL at neutral and acidic conditions (pH 7.5, 6.5, and 5.5) to generate foam cells, and then the foam cells were incubated with [3H]oleate-BSA complexes, and the formation of [3H]oleate-labeled cholesteryl esters was measured. ACAT1 activity was also measured in cell-free macrophage extracts. RESULTS - In acidic media, ACAT1-dependent cholesteryl [3H]oleate generation became compromised in the developing foam cells and their content of free cholesterol increased. In line with this finding, ACAT1 activity in the soluble cell-free fraction derived from macrophage foam cells peaked at pH 7, and gradually decreased under acidic pH with a rapid drop below pH 6.5. Incubation of macrophages under progressively more acidic conditions (until pH 5.5) lowered the cytosolic pH of macrophages (down to pH 6.0). Such intracellular acidification did not affect macrophage gene expression of ACAT1 or the neutral CEH. CONCLUSIONS Exposure of human macrophage foam cells to acidic conditions lowers their intracellular pH with simultaneous decrease in ACAT1 activity. This reduces cholesterol esterification and thus leads to accumulation of potentially toxic levels of free cholesterol, a contributing factor to macrophage foam cell death.
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Carreira C, Nunes RF, Mestre O, Moura I, Pauleta SR. The effect of pH on Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus denitrification pathway and nitrous oxide reductase. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:927-940. [PMID: 32851479 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric concentration of N2O has been a concern, as it is a potent greenhouse gas and promotes ozone layer destruction. In the N-cycle, release of N2O is boosted upon a drop of pH in the environment. Here, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus was grown in batch mode in the presence of nitrate, to study the effect of pH in the denitrification pathway by gene expression profiling, quantification of nitrate and nitrite, and evaluating the ability of whole cells to reduce NO and N2O. At pH 6.5, accumulation of nitrite in the medium occurs and the cells were unable to reduce N2O. In addition, the biochemical properties of N2O reductase isolated from cells grown at pH 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5 were compared for the first time. The amount of this enzyme at acidic pH was lower than that at pH 7.5 and 8.5, pinpointing to a post-transcriptional regulation, though pH did not affect gene expression of N2O reductase accessory genes. N2O reductase isolated from cells grown at pH 6.5 has its catalytic center mainly as CuZ(4Cu1S), while that from cells grown at pH 7.5 or 8.5 has it as CuZ(4Cu2S). This study evidences that an in vivo secondary level of regulation is required to maintain N2O reductase in an active state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Carreira
- Microbial Stress Lab, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
- Biological Chemistry Lab, LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rute F Nunes
- Microbial Stress Lab, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Olga Mestre
- Microbial Stress Lab, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moura
- Biological Chemistry Lab, LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sofia R Pauleta
- Microbial Stress Lab, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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22
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Abstract
Chromium is a catalytic metal able to foster oxidant damage, albeit its capacity to induce human LDL oxidation is to date unkown. Thus, we have investigated whether trivalent and hexavalent chromium, namely Cr(III) and Cr(VI), can induce human LDL oxidation. Cr(III) as CrCl3 is incapable of inducing LDL oxidation at pH 7.4 or 4.5. However, Cr(III), specifically at physiological pH of 7.4 and in the presence of phosphates, causes an absorbance increase at 234 resembling a spectrophotometric kinetics of LDL oxidation with a lag- and propagation-like phase. In this regard, it is conceivable that peculiar Cr(III) forms such as Cr(III) hydroxide and, especially, Cr(III) polynuclear hydroxocomplexes formed at pH 7.4 interact with phosphates generating species with an intrinsic absorbance at 234 nm, which increases over time resembling a spectrophotometric kinetics of LDL oxidation. Cr(VI), as K2Cr2O7, can instead induce substantial human LDL oxidation at acidic pH such as 4.5, which is typical of the intracellular lysosomal compartment. LDL oxidation is related to binding of Cr(VI) to LDL particles with quenching of the LDL tryptophan fluorescence, and it is inhibited by the metal chelators EDTA and deferoxamine, as well as by the chain-breaking antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene and probucol. Moreover, Cr(VI)-induced LDL oxidation is inhibited by mannitol conceivably by binding Cr(V) formed from LDL-dependent Cr(VI) reduction and not by scavenging hydroxyl radicals (OH); indeed, the OH scavengers sodium formate and ethanol are ineffective against Cr(VI)-induced LDL oxidation. Notably, heightened LDL lipid hydroperoxide levels and decreased LDL tryptophan fluorescence occur in Cr plating workers, indicating Cr-induced human LDL oxidation in vivo. The biochemical, pathophysiological and clinical implications of these novel findings on chromium and human LDL oxidation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lapenna
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, and Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia dello Stress Ossidativo, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST, former CeSI-Met, Center of Excellence on Aging), Università degli Studi "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Ciofani
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, and Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia dello Stress Ossidativo, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST, former CeSI-Met, Center of Excellence on Aging), Università degli Studi "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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23
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Khan JM, Malik A, Sen P, Ahmad A, Ahmed A, Atiya A. Deciphering the role of premicellar and micellar concentrations of sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate surfactant in insulin fibrillation at pH 2.0. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:880-886. [PMID: 31982528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibril formation by proteins and their deposition in cells and tissues are associated with several amyloid-based disorders. Understanding the mechanism of amyloid fibril formation is thus of the utmost importance for the designing ligands that could prevent or inhibit the fibrillation process and help to treat of such disorders. We describe the stimulatory effect of sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) on insulin amyloid fibrillation at pH 2.0 and the characterization of SDBS-induced insulin aggregation using spectroscopy and microscopy. We found that SDBS induced amyloid-like aggregates of insulin at sub-micellar (0.1-1.2 mM), but not post-micellar (≥2.0 mM) concentrations. The amyloid fibrillation of insulin induced by SDBS was kinetically rapid and escaped the lag phase. Far-UV CD findings suggested that the α-helical content of insulin transformed into cross-β structure and mixed α and β structures when incubated with sub-micellar and post-micellar SDBS concentrations, respectively. The overall results indicated that low, but not high SDBS concentrations induce amyloid-like insulin aggregates and fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Masood Khan
- King Saud University, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ajamaluddin Malik
- King Saud University, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priyankar Sen
- Vellore Institute of Technology, Centre for Bioseparation Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Shaqra University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- King Saud University, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhtar Atiya
- King Khalid University (KKU), Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Yuan Z, Ma X, Wu X, Zhang G, Wang X, Wang S, Jia Y. Characterization of Fe 5(AsO 3) 3Cl 2(OH) 4·5H 2O, a new ferric arsenite hydroxychloride precipitated from FeCl 3-As 2O 3-HCl solutions relevant to arsenic immobilization. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 90:205-215. [PMID: 32081317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tooeleite (Fe6(AsO3)4SO4(OH)4·4H2O) is widely precipitated for direct As(III) removal from sulfate-rich industrial effluents. However, whether or not Fe(III)-As(III)-Cl(-I) precipitate is produced in chloridizing leaching media for As immobilization is almost unknown. This work founded the existence of ferric arsenite (hydroxy)chloride as a new mineral for As(III) removal. Its chemical composition and solid characterization were subsequently studied by using scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric (TG) curve. The results showed the formation of a yellow precipitate after 3-days reaction of Fe(III)/As(III) with molar ratio ≈ 1.7 in chloride solution at pH 2.3 neutralized with NaOH. Compared with tooeleite, chemical analysis and solid characterization indicated that Cl(-I) replaces SO4(-II) producing ferric arsenite hydroxychloride with formula Fe5(AsO3)3Cl2(OH)4·5H2O. This new plate shaped solid showed better crytallinity than tooeleite, although it has similar morphology and characteristic bands to tooeleite. The FT-IR bands at 628, 964 cm-1 and the Raman bands at 448, 610, 961 cm-1 were assigned to Fe-O or As(III)-O-Fe or As(III)-O bending/stretching vibration, indicating that both arsenite and chloride substituted for the position of sulfate for ferric arsenite hydroxychloride produced due to the lack of the SO42- vibrations. Cl-(I) also contributed to increase As removal efficiency in aqueous sulfate media under acidic pH conditions via the probable formation of sulfate-chloride ferric arsenite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yongfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Takeda Y, Okuyama Y, Nakano H, Yaoita Y, Machida K, Ogawa H, Imai K. Antiviral Activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Tea Extract Against Human Influenza A Virus Rely Largely on Acidic pH but Partially on a Low-pH-Independent Mechanism. Food Environ Virol 2020; 12:9-19. [PMID: 31620998 PMCID: PMC7223586 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-019-09408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is perennially one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Effective therapy and vaccination are needed to control viral expansion. However, current anti-IAV drugs risk inducing drug-resistant virus emergence. Although intranasal administration of whole inactivated virus vaccine can induce efficient protective immunity, formalin and β-propiolactone are the currently used and harmful inactivating agents. Here, we analyzed the antiviral activity of hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) tea extract against human IAV and evaluated its potential as a novel anti-IAV drug and a safe inactivating agent for whole inactivated vaccine. The in vitro study revealed that the pH of hibiscus tea extract is acidic, and its rapid and potent antiviral activity relied largely on the acidic pH. Furthermore, the mouse study showed that the acidic extract was not effective for either therapeutic or vaccination purposes. However, hibiscus tea extract and protocatechuic acid, one of the major components of the extract, showed not only potent acid-dependent antiviral activity but also weak low-pH-independent activity. The low-pH-independent activity did not affect the conformation of immunodominant hemagglutinin protein. Although this low-pH-independent activity is very limited, it may be suitable for the application to medication and vaccination because this activity is not affected by the neutral blood environment and does not lose antigenicity of hemagglutinin. Further study of the low-pH-independent antiviral mechanism and attempts to enhance the antiviral activity may establish a novel anti-IAV therapy and vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Takeda
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yuko Okuyama
- Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroto Nakano
- Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yaoita
- Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Koich Machida
- Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Kunitoshi Imai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
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Han X, Bertzbach LD, Veit M. Mimicking the passage of avian influenza viruses through the gastrointestinal tract of chickens. Vet Microbiol 2019; 239:108462. [PMID: 31767100 PMCID: PMC7126190 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Avian viruses require neutralization of the gizzard fluid to prevent inactivation. Neutralization uncovers a trypsin-like activity that activates the virus. Viruses grow to high titers in a new epithelial cell line from chicken intestine. Intestinal fluid activate virus particles, but only if diluted. A duck derived virus is better adapted to the fluid compared to fowl plague virus.
In contrast to human influenza viruses that replicate in the respiratory tract and are airborne transmitted, avian viruses also replicate in gut epithelial cells and are transmitted via the fecal-oral route. On this route, the virus is exposed to destructive fluids of the digestive tract, which are acidic and contain the proteases pepsin (gizzard) or chymotrypsin and trypsin (intestine). Only the latter enzyme activates virus by cleaving hemagglutinin (HA) into HA1 and HA2 subunits. We mimicked the passage of viruses through the gastrointestinal tract by treating them with digestive fluids from chicken and determined titers and integrity of HA by western-blot. Gizzard fluid completely inactivated virions and degrades HA even at a high dilution, but only if the pH was kept acidic. If the fluid is diluted with neutral buffer (mimicking virus uptake with seawater) particles were more resistant. Virions containing an uncleaved HA were even activated suggesting that gastric juice contains a trypsin-like protease. Undiluted intestinal fluid inactivated particles and destroyed HA, but diluted fluid activated virions. A virus isolated from the duck´s intestine is more tolerant against intestinal fluid compared to fowl plague virus suggesting that the former is better adapted to grow in the intestine. We also demonstrate that influenza viruses replicate to high titers in a novel chicken epithelial gut cell line. While viruses with a monobasic HA cleavage site require addition of trypsin, these cells effectively process HA with a polybasic cleavage site, which could be blocked with an inhibitor of the cellular furin protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Han
- Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, Berlin, 14163, Germany
| | - Luca D Bertzbach
- Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, Berlin, 14163, Germany
| | - Michael Veit
- Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, Berlin, 14163, Germany.
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27
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Abstract
Virus particles, 'virions', range in size from nano-scale to micro-scale. They have many different shapes and are composed of proteins, sugars, nucleic acids, lipids, water and solutes. Virions are autonomous entities and affect all forms of life in a parasitic relationship. They infect prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The physical properties of virions are tuned to the way they interact with cells. When virions interact with cells, they gain huge complexity and give rise to an infected cell, also known as 'virus'. Virion-cell interactions entail the processes of entry, replication and assembly, as well as egress from the infected cell. Collectively, these steps can result in progeny virions, which is a productive infection, or in silencing of the virus, an abortive or latent infection. This book explores facets of the physical nature of virions and viruses and the impact of mechanical properties on infection processes at the cellular and subcellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Abinandan S, Subashchandrabose SR, Venkateswarlu K, Perera IA, Megharaj M. Acid-tolerant microalgae can withstand higher concentrations of invasive cadmium and produce sustainable biomass and biodiesel at pH 3.5. Bioresour Technol 2019; 281:469-473. [PMID: 30850256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two acid-tolerant microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, originally isolated from non-acidophilic environment, were tested for their ability to withstand higher concentrations of an invasive heavy metal, cadmium (Cd), at an acidic pH of 3.5 and produce biomass rich in biodiesel. The growth analysis, in terms of chlorophyll, revealed that strain MAS1 was tolerant even to 20 mg L-1 of Cd while strain MAS3 could withstand only up to 5 mg L-1. When grown in the presence of 2 mg L-1, a concentration which is 400-fold higher than that usually occurs in the environment, the microalgal strains accumulated >58% of Cd from culture medium at pH 3.5. FTIR analysis of Cd-laden biomass indicated production of significant amounts of biodiesel rich in fatty acid esters. This is the first study that demonstrates the capability of acid-tolerant microalgae to grow well and remove Cd at acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Suresh R Subashchandrabose
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu 515003, India
| | - Isiri Adhiwarie Perera
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia.
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29
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Abinandan S, Subashchandrabose SR, Panneerselvan L, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Potential of acid-tolerant microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, in heavy metal removal and biodiesel production at acidic pH. Bioresour Technol 2019; 278:9-16. [PMID: 30669030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metals in traces are vital for microalgae but their occurrence at high concentrations in habitats is a serious ecological concern. We investigated the potential of two acid-tolerant microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, isolated from neutral environments, for simultaneous removal of heavy metals such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), and production of biodiesel when grown at pH 3.5. Excepting Cu, the selected metals at concentrations of 10-20 mg L-1 supported good growth of both the strains. Cellular analysis for metal removal revealed the predominance of intracellular mechanism in both the strains resulting in 40-80 and 40-60% removal of Fe and Mn, respectively. In-situ transesterification of biomass indicated enhanced biodiesel yield with increasing concentrations of metals suggesting that both these acid-tolerant microalgae may be the suitable candidates for simultaneous remediation, and sustainable biomass and biodiesel production in environments like metal-rich acid mine drainages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Suresh R Subashchandrabose
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Logeshwaran Panneerselvan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515055, India
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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30
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Tyler Mehler W, Gagliardi B, Keough MJ, Pettigrove V. Evaluating freshwater mining sediment toxicity in Tasmania: Achieving strong multiple lines of evidence. Sci Total Environ 2019; 651:1243-1252. [PMID: 30360256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mining-impacted aquatic systems could be at risk from an assortment of pollutants. The present study evaluated toxicity of mining site sediments from western Tasmania by conducting bioassays with two Australian freshwater species (Chironomus tepperi and Austrochiltonia subtenuis). The present study used multiple lines of evidence (LoE) to assess risk to aquatic biota and the potential sources of that risk at these sites using a sediment quality guideline (SQG) comparison approach (i.e. comparing chemical concentrations at the site (in this case metals, sulfate, and acidic pH) to sediment guideline values) as well as a statistical approach (principle component analysis). Five of the nine mining site sediments showed significant toxicity to both species using survival (A. subtenuis and C. tepperi) and emergence (C. tepperi) as endpoints. Each LoE (SQG comparison and PCA analysis) provided a list of possible contaminants of concern for toxic sites, each list differing from one another. Evaluating these LoE collectively resulted in a stronger characterization of causality and reduced the potential contaminants of concern to a select few, including mainly: copper, sulfate, and acidic pH. Although using multiple lines of evidence reduced the number of potential contaminants of concern, the causality results were still not entirely conclusive, thus we also conducted preliminary investigations using toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs). These TIE investigations, showed the overall importance of acidic pH in these sediments, but also show the need for further work to improve the TIE technique for these types of sediment. The present study illustrates the strengths of using multiple LoE in assessing aquatic risk, especially in the assessment of complex sediments such as those in mining areas of Tasmania. The study, perhaps more importantly, also provides the foundation for more focused work to be conducted in the future to better understanding the implications of mining in western Tasmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tyler Mehler
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Bryant Gagliardi
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Keough
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincent Pettigrove
- School of Science, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia
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Tcymbarevich IV, Eloranta JJ, Rossel JB, Obialo N, Spalinger M, Cosin-Roger J, Lang S, Kullak-Ublick GA, Wagner CA, Scharl M, Seuwen K, Ruiz PA, Rogler G, de Vallière C, Misselwitz B. The impact of the rs8005161 polymorphism on G protein-coupled receptor GPR65 (TDAG8) pH-associated activation in intestinal inflammation. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19:2. [PMID: 30616622 PMCID: PMC6323805 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is associated with a decrease in local pH. The gene encoding G-protein-coupled receptor 65 (GPR65) has recently been reported to be a genetic risk factor for IBD. In response to extracellular acidification, proton activation of GPR65 stimulates cAMP and Rho signalling pathways. We aimed to analyse the clinical and functional relevance of the GPR65 associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs8005161. Methods 1138 individuals from a mixed cohort of IBD patients and healthy volunteers were genotyped for SNPs associated with GPR65 (rs8005161, rs3742704) and galactosylceramidase (rs1805078) by Taqman SNP assays. 2300 patients from the Swiss IBD Cohort Study (SIBDC) were genotyped for rs8005161 by mass spectrometry based SNP genotyping. IBD patients from the SIBDC carrying rs8005161 TT, CT, CC and non-IBD controls (CC) were recruited for functional studies. Human CD14+ cells were isolated from blood samples and subjected to an extracellular acidic pH shift, cAMP accumulation and RhoA activation were measured. Results In our mixed cohort, but not in SIBDC patients, the minor variant rs8005161 was significantly associated with UC. In SIBDC patients, we observed a consistent trend in increased disease severity in patients carrying the rs8005161-TT and rs8005161-CT alleles. No significant differences were observed in the pH associated activation of cAMP production between IBD (TT, CT, WT/CC) and non-IBD (WT/CC) genotype carriers upon an acidic extracellular pH shift. However, we observed significantly impaired RhoA activation after an extracellular acidic pH shift in IBD patients, irrespective of the rs8005161 allele. Conclusions The T allele of rs8005161 might confer a more severe disease course in IBD patients. Human monocytes from IBD patients showed impaired pH associated RhoA activation upon an acidic pH shift. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12876-018-0922-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Tcymbarevich
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jyrki J Eloranta
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicole Obialo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Present address: Department of Viceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern and University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 18, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Zhao Z, Li Y, Quan X, Zhang Y. Improving the co-digestion performance of waste activated sludge and wheat straw through ratio optimization and ferroferric oxide supplementation. Bioresour Technol 2018; 267:591-598. [PMID: 30056369 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Low anaerobic digestion efficiency of wheat straw (WS) has been an intractable problem owing to its high C/N ratio and complex structure. In this study, co-digestion of WS and waste activated sludge (WAS) at different ratios was performed to identify conditions that would elevate the acidic pH and increase methane production. The results showed that using a 1:1 ratio of WS and WAS, methane production in the co-digester was 26.9% higher than the sum of equal WAS and WS mono-digestion. When Fe3O4 was added to the co-digester, the acidic pH was further relieved and the anaerobic digestion efficiency was additionally enhanced. Microbial analysis showed that the ethanol-type fermentative bacterial genus Ethanoligenens was enriched in the WAS + WS-Fe3O4 reactor, in which the production of propionate was notably reduced, indicating that Fe3O4 could prevent the accumulation of volatile fatty acids by changing the types of fermentative bacteria present and promote anaerobic digestion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Ling L, Li Z, Fang J, Shang C. Controlling bromate formation in the Co(II)/peroxymonosulfate process by ammonia, chlorine-ammonia and ammonia-chlorine pretreatment strategies. Water Res 2018; 139:220-227. [PMID: 29653357 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Co(II)/peroxymonosulfate (Co(II)/PMS) process, producing sulfate radicals (SO4•-), effectively removes organic pollutants in water, while producing a significant amount of bromate (BrO3-) in the presence of bromide (Br-). This paper investigates the ammonia (NH3) addition, chlorine-ammonia (Cl2-NH3) and ammonia-chlorine (NH3-Cl2) pretreatment strategies in controlling BrO3- formation in 20 min in the Co(II)/PMS process at pH 4.0. The addition of NH3 retarded the BrO3- formation, but only at a reduction level of about 9.5% for NH3 concentration of 50 μM, and was mainly attributed to the protonation of NH3 at pH 4 (99.99% as NH4+, did not react with HOBr). Both the Cl2-NH3 and NH3-Cl2 pretreatment strategies at HOCl and NH3 dosages of 15 and 50 μM, respectively, reduced 95% or more of the overall BrO3- formation and retarded the BrO3- formation, with the NH3-Cl2 pretreatment strategy outperforming Cl2-NH3. The reduction of the BrO3- formation was mainly attributed to the formation of monochloramine (NH2Cl) in both pretreatment strategies. NH2Cl effectively outcompetes SO4•- to react with HOBr and forms NHBrCl, with the apparent reaction rate constant between NH2Cl and HOBr more than 100 times faster than that between SO4•- and HOBr. However, the oxidation/degradation of NHBrCl in the Co(II)/PMS process reforms HOBr, and, although less in quantity, is oxidized to BrO3- at higher Co(II) and Br- concentrations. Thus, the NH3-Cl2 and Cl2-NH3 pretreatment strategies inhibit the BrO3- formation more significantly at lower Co(II) and Br- concentrations. In all cases, the generation of SO4•- in 20 min was not affected by the implementation of the three BrO3- pretreatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ling
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhaobing Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Adachi K, Ohtani K, Kawano M, Singh RP, Yousuf B, Sonomoto K, Shimizu T, Nakayama J. Metabolic dependent and independent pH-drop shuts down VirSR quorum sensing in Clostridium perfringens. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:525-531. [PMID: 29373309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens produces various exotoxins and enzymes that cause food poisoning and gas gangrene. The genes involved in virulence are regulated by the agr-like quorum sensing (QS) system, which consists of a QS signal synthesis system and a VirSR two-component regulatory system (VirSR TCS) which is a global regulatory system composed of signal sensor kinase (VirS) and response regulator (VirR). We found that the perfringolysin O gene (pfoA) was transiently expressed during mid-log phase of bacterial growth; its expression was rapidly shut down thereafter, suggesting the existence of a self-quorum quenching (sQQ) system. The sQQ system was induced by the addition of stationary phase culture supernatant (SPCS). Activity of the sQQ system was heat stable, and was present following filtration through the ultrafiltration membrane, suggesting that small molecules acted as sQQ agents. In addition, sQQ was also induced by pure acetic and butyric acids at concentrations equivalent to those in the stationary phase culture, suggesting that organic acids produced by C. perfringens were involved in sQQ. In pH-controlled batch culture, sQQ was greatly diminished; expression level of pfoA extended to late-log growth phase, and was eventually increased by one order of magnitude. Furthermore, hydrochloric acid induced sQQ at the same pH as was used in organic acids. SPCS also suppressed the expression of genes regulated by VirSR TCS. Overall, the expression of virulence factors of C. perfringens was downregulated by the sQQ system, which was mediated by primary acidic metabolites and acidic environments. This suggested the possibility of pH-controlled anti-virulence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keika Adachi
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kaori Ohtani
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Kanazawa, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8203, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-10-3 Kaminakazato, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0016, Japan
| | - Michio Kawano
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Ravindra Pal Singh
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Basit Yousuf
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kenji Sonomoto
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Tohru Shimizu
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Kanazawa, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8203, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakayama
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Li YX, Yi P, Yan QJ, Qin Z, Liu XQ, Jiang ZQ. Directed evolution of a β-mannanase from Rhizomucor miehei to improve catalytic activity in acidic and thermophilic conditions. Biotechnol Biofuels 2017; 10:143. [PMID: 28588644 PMCID: PMC5457547 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0833-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Mannanase randomly cleaves the β-1,4-linked mannan backbone of hemicellulose, which plays the most important role in the enzymatic degradation of mannan. Although the industrial applications of β-mannanase have tremendously expanded in recent years, the wild-type β-mannanases are still defective for some industries. The glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 5 β-mannanase (RmMan5A) from Rhizomucor miehei shows many outstanding properties, such as high specific activity and hydrolysis property. However, owing to the low catalytic activity in acidic and thermophilic conditions, the application of RmMan5A to the biorefinery of mannan biomasses is severely limited. RESULTS To overcome the limitation, RmMan5A was successfully engineered by directed evolution. Through two rounds of screening, a mutated β-mannanase (mRmMan5A) with high catalytic activity in acidic and thermophilic conditions was obtained, and then characterized. The mutant displayed maximal activity at pH 4.5 and 65 °C, corresponding to acidic shift of 2.5 units in optimal pH and increase by 10 °C in optimal temperature. The catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) of mRmMan5A towards many mannan substrates were enhanced more than threefold in acidic and thermophilic conditions. Meanwhile, the high specific activity and excellent hydrolysis property of RmMan5A were inherited by the mutant mRmMan5A after directed evolution. According to the result of sequence analysis, three amino acid residues were substituted in mRmMan5A, namely Tyr233His, Lys264Met, and Asn343Ser. To identify the function of each substitution, four site-directed mutations (Tyr233His, Lys264Met, Asn343Ser, and Tyr233His/Lys264Met) were subsequently generated, and the substitutions at Tyr233 and Lys264 were found to be the main reason for the changes of mRmMan5A. CONCLUSIONS Through directed evolution of RmMan5A, two key amino acid residues that controlled its catalytic efficiency under acidic and thermophilic conditions were identified. Information about the structure-function relationship of GH family 5 β-mannanase was acquired, which could be used for modifying β-mannanases to enhance the feasibility in industrial application, especially in biorefinery process. This is the first report on a β-mannanase from zygomycete engineered by directed evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-xiao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Post Box 294, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Ping Yi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Post Box 294, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Qiao-juan Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Post Box 294, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-qiang Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Post Box 294, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Zheng-qiang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Lapenna D, Ciofani G, Obletter G. Iron as a catalyst of human low-density lipoprotein oxidation: Critical factors involved in its oxidant properties. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 41:111-118. [PMID: 28347457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron-induced human LDL oxidation, which is relevant to atherosclerosis, has not yet been properly investigated. We addressed such issue using iron(II) and (III) basically in the presence of phosphates, which are present in vivo and influence iron oxidative properties, at pH 4.5 and 7.4, representative, respectively, of the lysosomal and plasma environment. In 10mM phosphate buffered saline (PBS), iron(II) induces substantial LDL oxidation at pH 4.5 at low micromolar concentrations, while at pH 7.4 has low oxidative effects; iron(III) promotes small LDL oxidation only at pH 4.5. In 10mM sodium acetate/NaCl buffer, pH 4.5, iron-induced LDL oxidation is far higher than in PBS, highlighting the relevance of phosphates in the inhibitory modulation of iron-induced LDL oxidation. LDL oxidation is related to iron binding to the protein and lipid moiety of LDL, and requires the presence of iron(II) bound to LDL together with iron(III). Chemical modification of LDL carboxyl groups, which could bind iron especially at pH 4.5, decreases significantly iron binding to LDL and iron-induced LDL oxidation. Hydroxyl radical scavengers are ineffective on iron-induced LDL oxidation, which is inhibited by metal chelation, scavengers of alkoxyl/peroxyl radicals, or removal of LDL lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH). Overall, substantial human LDL oxidation is induced LOOH-dependently by iron(II) at pH 4.5 even in the presence of phosphates, suggesting the occurrence of iron(II)-induced LDL oxidation in vivo within lysosomes, where pH is about 4.5, iron(II) and phosphates coexist, plasma with its antioxidants is absent, and glutathione peroxidase is poorly expressed resulting in LOOH accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lapenna
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, and Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia dello Stress Ossidativo, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), Center of Excellence on Aging, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Ciofani
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, and Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia dello Stress Ossidativo, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), Center of Excellence on Aging, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gabriele Obletter
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, and Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia dello Stress Ossidativo, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), Center of Excellence on Aging, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Latif MA, Mehta CM, Batstone DJ. Influence of low pH on continuous anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. Water Res 2017; 113:42-49. [PMID: 28187349 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of low pH on single stage continuous anaerobic digestion was evaluated, with the goal of increasing soluble phosphorus (P) concentration to mitigate in-reactor P precipitation. This was performed at pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 using 1 L stirred-tank mesophilic reactors fed with sewage waste activated sludge. Low pH (5.5) caused a significant (p < 0.01) increase in soluble P concentration up to 79% of the total P, while methane yield was reduced by 50%. Total volatile fatty acids and soluble chemical oxygen demand concentrations increased from 40 to 504 mg L-1 and 600 to 2017 mg L-1 respectively, as the pH was reduced from 7.0 to 5.5. Higher concentrations of propionic acid (370-430 mg L-1) were found at low pH (5.5). The reduction in methane yield was associated with a shift in microbial community and decreased destruction of particulate organics. Acidogens dominated at low pH (< 6.0), while methanogens decreased by 88% at pH 5.5 compared to neutral pH. Apart from the loss in methanogenic and hydrolytic capacity, chemical needs for acid dosing to maintain low pH conditions, and other negative impacts of chemical dosing were identified as key limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Latif
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), Level 4, Gehrmann Bldg. (60), Research Road, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Chirag M Mehta
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), Level 4, Gehrmann Bldg. (60), Research Road, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Damien J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), Level 4, Gehrmann Bldg. (60), Research Road, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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Chiacchiaretta M, Latifi S, Bramini M, Fadda M, Fassio A, Benfenati F, Cesca F. Neuronal hyperactivity causes Na +/H + exchanger-induced extracellular acidification at active synapses. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1435-1449. [PMID: 28254883 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.198564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular pH impacts on neuronal activity, which is in turn an important determinant of extracellular H+ concentration. The aim of this study was to describe the spatio-temporal dynamics of extracellular pH at synaptic sites during neuronal hyperexcitability. To address this issue we created ex.E2GFP, a membrane-targeted extracellular ratiometric pH indicator that is exquisitely sensitive to acidic shifts. By monitoring ex.E2GFP fluorescence in real time in primary cortical neurons, we were able to quantify pH fluctuations during network hyperexcitability induced by convulsant drugs or high-frequency electrical stimulation. Sustained hyperactivity caused a pH decrease that was reversible upon silencing of neuronal activity and located at active synapses. This acidic shift was not attributable to the outflow of synaptic vesicle H+ into the cleft nor to the activity of membrane-exposed H+ V-ATPase, but rather to the activity of the Na+/H+-exchanger. Our data demonstrate that extracellular synaptic pH shifts take place during epileptic-like activity of neural cultures, emphasizing the strict links existing between synaptic activity and synaptic pH. This evidence may contribute to the understanding of the physio-pathological mechanisms associated with hyperexcitability in the epileptic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Chiacchiaretta
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Shahrzad Latifi
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Mattia Bramini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Manuela Fadda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Anna Fassio
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Cesca
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy
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Haley EM, Tilson SG, Triantafillu UL, Magrath JW, Kim Y. Acidic pH with coordinated reduction of basic fibroblast growth factor maintains the glioblastoma stem cell-like phenotype in vitro. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:634-641. [PMID: 28063758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are a unique subpopulation of cells within glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain tumors that possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into bulk tumor cells. GSCs are resistant to currently available treatments and are the likely culprit behind tumor relapse in GBM patients. However, GSCs are currently inaccessible to the larger scientific community because obtaining a sufficient number of GSCs remains technically challenging and cost-prohibitive. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a more efficient GSC culture strategy that results in a higher cell yield of GSCs at a lower cost. We observed that the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is indispensable in allowing GSCs to retain an optimal stem cell-like phenotype in vitro, but little change was seen in their stemness when grown with lower concentrations of bFGF than the established protocol. Interestingly, a dynamic fluctuation of GSC protein marker expression was observed that corresponded to the changes in the bFGF concentration during the culture period. This suggested that bFGF alone did not control stem cell-like phenotype; rather, it was linked to the fluctuations of both bFGF and media pH. We demonstrated that a high level of stem cell-like phenotype could be retained even when lowering bFGF to 8 ng/mL when the media pH was simultaneously lowered to 6.8. These results provide the proof-of-concept that GSC expansion costs could be lowered to a more economical level and warrant the use of pH- and bFGF-controlled bioprocessing methodologies to more optimally expand GSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Haley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0203, USA
| | - Samantha G Tilson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0203, USA
| | - Ursula L Triantafillu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0203, USA
| | - Justin W Magrath
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0203, USA
| | - Yonghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0203, USA.
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Abstract
An antibody molecule that recognizes multiple unrelated antigens is defined as polyreactive. Polyreactivity is an intrinsic characteristic of immune repertoires. Degenerated antigen binding diversifies the repertoire of specificities, thus contributing to immune defense and immune regulation. Immune repertoire contains also a fraction of immunoglobulins, which acquire polyreactivity only following contact with various protein-destabilizing or pro-oxidative substances. Posttranslational induction of the antibody polyreactivity may have important repercussion for laboratory practice, as well as in cases of pathological conditions accompanied by liberation of large quantities of pro-oxidative substances such as heme, labile iron, or reactive oxygen species. Antibodies with induced polyreactivity have been demonstrated to exert pathogen neutralization and immune regulatory potential in inflammatory conditions, suggesting that this phenomenon may be exploited for design of therapeutic strategies. In this article, we provide description of the basic procedures for uncovering of the cryptic polyreactivity of antibodies by heme, ferrous ions, and acid pH solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Lecerf
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Annaelle Jarossay
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Srinivas V Kaveri
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Jordan D Dimitrov
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France. .,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.
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41
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Shi Q, Maas L, Veith C, Van Schooten FJ, Godschalk RW. Acidic cellular microenvironment modifies carcinogen-induced DNA damage and repair. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2425-2441. [PMID: 28005143 PMCID: PMC5429366 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation creates an acidic microenvironment, which plays an important role in cancer development. To investigate how low pH changes the cellular response to the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), we incubated human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549 and BEAS-2B) with nontoxic doses of B[a]P using culturing media of various pH’s (extracellular pH (pHe) of 7.8, 7.0, 6.5, 6.0 and 5.5) for 6, 24 and 48 h. In most incubations (pHe 7.0–6.5), the pH in the medium returned to the physiological pH 7.8 after 48 h, but at the lowest pH (pHe < 6.0), this recovery was incomplete. Similar changes were observed for the intracellular pH (pHi). We observed that acidic conditions delayed B[a]P metabolism and at t = 48 h, and the concentration of unmetabolized extracellular B[a]P and B[a]P-7,8-diol was significantly higher in acidic samples than under normal physiological conditions (pHe 7.8) for both cell lines. Cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1/CYP1B1) expression and its activity (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity) were repressed at low pHe after 6 and 24 h, but were significantly higher at t = 48 h. In addition, a DNA repair assay showed that the incision activity was ~80% inhibited for 6 h at low pHe and concomitant exposure to B[a]P. However, at t = 48 h, the incision activity recovered to more than 100% of the initial activity observed at neutral pHe. After 48 h, higher B[a]P-DNA adduct levels and γ-H2AX foci were observed at low pH samples than at pHe 7.8. In conclusion, acidic pH delayed the metabolism of B[a]P and inhibited DNA repair, ultimately leading to increased B[a]P-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L Maas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C Veith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F J Van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R W Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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42
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Abstract
Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a common problem in patients with faecal and/or urinary incontinence. Urine alters the normal skin flora and increases permeability of the stratum corneum and faecal enzymes on the skin contribute to skin damage. Faecal bacteria can then penetrate the skin, increasing the risk of secondary infection. However, IAD can be prevented and healed with timely and appropriate skin cleansing and skin protection. This includes appropriate use of containment devices. This article also looks at HARTMANN incontinence pads that have been developed to absorb the fluids that cause IAD and maintain the skin's acidic pH. The acidic pH of the skin contributes to its barrier function and defence against infection. Therefore, maintaining an acidic pH will help protect the skin from damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rippon
- Visiting Clinical Research Fellow, School of Human and Health Sciences, Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield
| | | | - Karen Ousey
- Professor and Director for the Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield
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43
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Kida BMS, Abdalla RP, Moreira RG. Effects of acidic water, aluminum, and manganese on testicular steroidogenesis in Astyanax altiparanae. Fish Physiol Biochem 2016; 42:1347-1356. [PMID: 27025723 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Metals can influence the gonadal steroidogenesis and endocrine systems of fish, thereby affecting their reproduction. The effects of aluminum and manganese in acidic water were investigated on steroidogenesis in sexually mature male Astyanax altiparanae. Whether mature male fish recover from the effects of metals in metal-free water was also assessed. The fish were exposed to 0.5 mg L(-1) of isolated or combined aluminum and manganese in acidic pH (5.5) to keep the metals bioavailable. The fish underwent 96 h of acute exposure, and samples were taken 24 and 96 h after the beginning of the experiment. The fish were then maintained in metal-free water for 96 h. Plasma levels of testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, 17β-estradiol, and cortisol were measured. Acidic water increased the plasma concentration of testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone. Aluminum increased the testosterone levels after 96 h of exposure. Manganese increased the 17β-estradiol levels after 24 h of exposure and maintained at high levels until the end of the experiment. With the exception of acidic pH, which increased cortisol levels after 24 h of exposure, no changes were observed in this corticosteroid during the acute experiment. Aluminum and manganese together also altered steroid levels but without a standard variation. The fish recovered from the effects of most exposure conditions after 96 h in metal-free water. A. altiparanae could use reproductive tactics to trigger changes in testicular steroidogenesis by accelerating spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis, which may interfere with their reproductive dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Mayumi Silva Kida
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Raisa Pereira Abdalla
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
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44
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Bohloli M, Atashi A, Soleimani M, Kaviani S, Anbarlou A. Investigating Effects of Acidic pH on Proliferation, Invasion and Drug-Induced Apoptosis in Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancer Microenviron 2016; 9:119-126. [PMID: 27457339 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-016-0187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Some studies have shown that extracellular pH in tumors, which results in tumor progression, is less than that in normal tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extracellular acidic pH on proliferation, invasion, and drug-induced apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic cells. The cells were cultured in different pH (pH 6.6 and pH 7.4) for 12 days. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay and cell invasion was assayed by invasion assay and gene expression analysis of MMP-9. Drug-induced apoptosis was evaluated after exposure to doxorubicin for 24 hours by annexin V/PI staining and gene expression analysis of BAX pro-apoptotic protein. The results indicated the enhanced growth and invasion of leukemic cells at pH 6.6 (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the cells at pH 6.6 were resistant to apoptosis by doxorubicin (P ≤ 0.05). It can be concluded that acidic pH increases the proliferation, invasion and reduces the drug-induced apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Extracellular acidity can influence the behavior of leukemic cells and therefore, the manipulation of extracellular liquid can be selected as a therapeutic strategy for leukemia, especially for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbobeh Bohloli
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Kaviani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Anbarlou
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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45
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Feketeová Z, Hulejová Sládkovičová V, Mangová B, Pogányová A, Šimkovic I, Krumpál M. Biological properties of extremely acidic cyanide-laced mining waste. Ecotoxicology 2016; 25:202-212. [PMID: 26547873 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With respect to acidic, cyanide-laced tailings, the data about in situ toxicity and biological activity in highly polluted environment are often lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the microbial characteristics, composition of oribatid mite species, and level of genotoxic impact on plants in the area of inactive tailings pond (Horná Ves, Kremnica region). Sampling of the tailings, soils and selected plant species was carried out in spring of 2012. Trace element analysis (inductively coupled plasma emission and mass spectrometry) showed that concentration of Pb, Zn, and Cu in the tailings is approximately in thousands of ppm (mg kg(-1)). Amount of lead exceeded 16,000 mg kg(-1), which is perceived as the biggest threat with respect to possible toxicity. The risk is accentuated by extremely acidic pH of the tailings material which approached 2. In such conditions great mobility of (divalent) heavy metal cations is expected. The total cyanide concentration in the tailings was 472 mg kg(-1). Results of performed tests and measurements suggest that microbial activity at the tailings site (and its close environment) is hampered markedly. In the sludge material we detected low abundance of soil bacteria (2.08 × 10(4) CFU) and predominance of slowly growing K-strategists. On the other hand, the content of microbial C in the sludge sample was not too low, considering its extreme acidity and high amount of risk elements. In the same sample, just one mite species, Oppiella (O.) uliginosa (Willmann 1919), was identified. Also in case of the dam site the abundance of mites was considerably lower in comparison to reference sample. Values of Oribatida abundance were in positive correlation with values of microbial biomass carbon. Results of the pollen grain abortivity test, applied in situ on chosen plant species, indicated substantial presence of genotoxicity in the environment. Total induction index of tailings pond reached 3.59(±2.4) which expresses also total load of locality, comparing to natural biotope. In case of the technogenic sediment, the value was more than three times higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Feketeová
- Laboratory of Neuro-cardiovascular Interactions, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 81371, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Veronika Hulejová Sládkovičová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Barbara Mangová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Andrea Pogányová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, Herbár, 81102, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ivan Šimkovic
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Miroslav Krumpál
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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46
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Wu H, Iwai N, Nakano T, Ooi Y, Ishihara S, Sano K. Route of intrabacterial nanotransportation system for CagA in Helicobacter pylori. Med Mol Morphol 2015; 48:191-203. [PMID: 25707504 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-015-0097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) possesses an intrabacterial nanotransportation system (ibNoTS) for transporting CagA and urease within the bacterial cytoplasm; this system is controlled by the extrabacterial environment. The transportation routes of the system have not yet been studied in detail. In this study, we demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that CagA localizes closely with the MreB filament in the bacterium, and MreB polymerization inhibitor A22 obstructs ibNoTS for CagA. These findings indicate that the route of ibNoTS for CagA is closely associated with the MreB filament. Because these phenomena were not observed in ibNoTS for urease, the route of ibNoTS for CagA is different from that of ibNoTS for urease as previously suggested. We propose that the route of ibNoTS for CagA is associated with the MreB filament in H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wu
- Project Team for Study of Nanotransportation System, Central Research Center, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan. .,Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Noritaka Iwai
- Project Team for Study of Nanotransportation System, Central Research Center, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.,Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Project Team for Study of Nanotransportation System, Central Research Center, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yukimasa Ooi
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.,Infection Control Office, Osaka Medical College Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sonoko Ishihara
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kouichi Sano
- Project Team for Study of Nanotransportation System, Central Research Center, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
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47
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Li D, Li Q, Wang S, Ye J, Nie H, Liu Z. Pyridinylboronic acid-functionalized organic-silica hybrid monolithic capillary for the selective enrichment and separation of cis-diol-containing biomolecules at acidic pH. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1339:103-9. [PMID: 24671037 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Boronate affinity chromatography (BAC) is a unique means for the selective separation and enrichment of 1,2 and 1,3 cis-diol-containing compounds. However, conventional boronate affinity materials require a basic binding pH (usually≥8.5), which gives rise to not only inconvenience in operation but also the risk of degradation of labile compounds. Although the applicable pH has been expanded to 5.0 in recent years, the current boronate affinity materials still fail to meet the acidic pH end of frequently used biosamples, particularly urine (pH 4.5). In this study, we report a 3-pyridylboronic acid-functionalized organic-silica hybrid monolithic capillary that exhibited a binding pH of 4.5, the lowest so far in BAC. Such a binding pH enabled direct extraction of cis-diol-containing biomolecules such as nucleosides from urine samples without pH adjustment. The boronate affinity monolithic capillary showed enhanced affinity toward negatively charged cis-diol-containing analytes such as ribonucleotides. Moreover, it could function as an anion exchanger at acidic pH (∼2). The column was found to retain multiple compounds from urine, which can be assumed to be at least mostly if not entirely cis-diol-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qianjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shuangshou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hongyuan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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48
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Mirhadi H, Moazzami F, Safarzade S. The Effect of Acidic pH on Microleakage of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium-Enriched Mixture Apical Plugs. Iran Endod J 2014; 9:257-60. [PMID: 25386205 PMCID: PMC4224762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this laboratory study was to evaluate the effect of acidic pH on the sealing ability of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plugs. METHODS AND MATERIALS Seventy single-rooted human maxillary anterior teeth were recruited. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (n=15), and 1 negative and 1 positive control groups of 5. The root canals were cleaned and shaped and the terminal 3 mm of the roots were resected. Then MTA and CEM cement plugs were condensed in apical region with 3 mm thicknesses. The samples were exposed to pH values of 5.5 and 7.4. Leakage was evaluated by the fluid filtration technique at 1, 7, 14, 30 day intervals. Data were analyzed by the repeated measures MANOVA, one-way ANOVA and MANOVA/Bonferroni test. RESULTS Acidic pH significantly reduced the sealing ability of MTA after 1, 14 and 30 days (P<0.05). The rate of microleakage in CEM cement samples in acidic pH was significantly greater than that in neutral pH in day 30 (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the sealing property of MTA and CEM cement at both pH levels (P>0.05). CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the CEM cement exhibited similar sealing ability as MTA at both pH levels. In addition, an acidic pH environment reduced the sealing ability of MTA and CEM cement after 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mirhadi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Fariborz Moazzami
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Sareh Safarzade
- Student Research Committee, Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding author: Sareh Safarzade, Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Ghasrodasht Ave, Shiraz, Iran. Postal Code: 7186893685. Tel:+98-917 1046359, Fax: +98-71 24226711, E-mail:
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