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Madanchi M, Merkel T, Juratli HA, Curatolo R. The periscope sign as a new dermatoscopy finding to facilitate the diagnosis of furuncular myiasis. J Travel Med 2024:taae070. [PMID: 38753878 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In this text, we introduce the ‘Periscope sign’ as a novel dermatoscopic finding in furuncular myiasis. This clinical sign may aid in diagnosing this rare condition, particularly in patients with a history of travel to endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matiar Madanchi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Merkel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hazem A Juratli
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatopathology Training Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Curatolo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Silvestri M, Zammarchi L, Pombi M, Morrone A, Caterino M, Cameli N. A case of furuncular myiasis in an Italian patient: a "travel souvenir". J Infect Dev Ctries 2022; 16:1778-1780. [PMID: 36449652 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.17006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Furuncular myiasis is a parasitosis of the skin that is commonly reported in the tropical areas and is caused by various agents including Dermatobia hominis. Knowledge of myiasis is limited in Italy, resulting in difficulties in its diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of imported furuncular myiasis in a 48 year old Italian patient who returned from Peru. A third stage larva of D. hominis was identified and the diagnosis of myiasis was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Silvestri
- Department of Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Zammarchi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence School of Medicine, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Pombi
- Diagnostic Parasitology Laboratory, Academic Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Department of Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Caterino
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Norma Cameli
- Department of Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Kuria SK, Oyedeji AO. Human myiasis cases originating and reported in africa for the last two decades (1998-2018): A review. Acta Trop 2020; 210:105590. [PMID: 32561225 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The article reviews literature on myiasis in Africa and cases that originated in Africa over the last two decades (1998-2018). The relevant literature was obtained by using several databases (Science-Direct, JSTOR, Google Scholar, Ebscohost and PubMed). We searched for the following words or their combination myiasis, maggots, fly species responsible for myiasis found in Africa, and the different types of myiasis. References in several articles provided links to other relevant works. Only papers written in English were reviewed. In total, we reviewed 51 articles which covered a total of 849 myiasis cases. The review encompasses geographical distribution of the disease, dipteran species responsible, predisposing factors, sex of the patient, type of myiasis and treatment. Myiasis is found in most parts of the African continent, however only 18 articles reported myiasis cases in Africa during the period under review. The rest of the articles report cases from the rest of the world but acquired by travellers when visiting Africa. Cordylobia anthropophaga (Blanchard) was responsible for 93.28% of all the reported cases in this review. The low number of articles on human myiasis reported in Africa may be due to underreporting by physicians or most cases are not diagnosed. Therefore, the actual prevalence of myiasis in Africa is currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon K Kuria
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, P/Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa.
| | - Adebola O Oyedeji
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, P/Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa.
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Oliva E, Bargiggia G, Quinzan G, Lanza P, Farina C. Furuncular myiasis in Italian traveler returning from Kenya. J Infect Dev Ctries 2020; 14:114-116. [PMID: 32088693 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.11560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myiasis has been defined as the infestation of organs and/or tissues with dipterous larvae. They are especially widespread in tropical and subtropical areas. Cutaneous myiasis is its most frequent clinical presentation. This report presents a case of furuncular myiasis caused by the larva of Cordylobia anthropophaga in a 22-year-old girl living in Bergamo, Northern Italy, who returned from Kenya (Watamu) with a big, painful furuncle in her right gluteus. The patient accidentally removed the larva from a large pimple and took it to the infectious disease ambulatory clinic at the ASST "Papa Giovanni XXIII" Hospital, Bergamo. In the Microbiology and Virology Department of the same hospital, a larva of C. anthropophaga was identified and the diagnosis of myiasis was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Oliva
- UOC Microbiologia e Virologia, ASST "Papa Giovanni XXIII", Bergamo, Italia.
| | - Graziano Bargiggia
- UOC Microbiologia e Virologia, ASST "Papa Giovanni XXIII", Bergamo, Italia.
| | - Gianpaolo Quinzan
- UOC Malattie Infettive, ASST "Papa Giovanni XXIII", Bergamo, Italia.
| | - Paola Lanza
- UOC Malattie Infettive, ASST "Papa Giovanni XXIII", Bergamo, Italia.
| | - Claudio Farina
- UOC Microbiologia e Virologia, ASST "Papa Giovanni XXIII", Bergamo, Italia.
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Demaj D, Jorgaqi E, Zikaj G, Jafferany M. Furuncular myiasis of the scalp associated with pigmented basal cell carcinoma: First case diagnosed in Albania. Dermatol Ther 2019; 33:e13198. [PMID: 31846186 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We are reporting a case of myiasis associated with pigmented basal cell carcinoma. This is the first reported case from Albania and Balkan peninsula. Correct diagnosis and prompt treatment may prevent a disastrous and destructive course of the disease and may lead to improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Demaj
- Department of Dermatology, Mother Theresa Hospital, Tirana, Albania
| | - Etliva Jorgaqi
- Department of Dermatology, Mother Theresa Hospital, Tirana, Albania
| | - Gentian Zikaj
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Mother Theresa Hospital, Tirana, Albania
| | - Mohammad Jafferany
- Department of Psychodermatology, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Saginaw, Michigan
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Abstract
Background Cutaneous myiasis is the infestation of the skin by larvae (maggots) of the order Diptera (two winged). Being an imported and sporadic illness, furuncular myiasis often poses a diagnostic challenge to the treating physician. This traditionally endemic entity is being more frequently reported worldwide as 'vacation' disease in travellers returning from these regions. However, there is a paucity of large scale study, especially on individuals occupationally stationed for longer periods of time in these endemic geographic locations. Methods Sixteen Indian male patients with cutaneous furuncular myiasis presenting to dermatology outpatient department at a tertiary care field hospital deployed in a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Central Africa were studied for clinical presentation, sites involved, larvae/maggot extracted, period of resolution and complications if any. Results Average age of patients was 29 years. The average duration of infestation was 4 days. All lesions were found to be confined to sites over body normally covered with clothing, commonest being anterior abdomen in 9 (56.25%) patients followed by chest in 6 (37.5%) patients. The lesion count was also highest on anterior abdomen with 39 lesions. The average time to resolution following extraction of larvae (Cordylobia anthropophaga) was 6 days. Conclusion The purpose of this study was to familiarize oneself with an endemic infestation which often masquerades itself as pyoderma to the naïve physician, more so in an imported case or more importantly, an 'exported' health care professional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Pathania
- Classified Specialist (Dermatology), Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune 411040, India
| | - A W Kashif
- Classified Specialist (Pathology), Command Hospital (Western Command), Chandimandir, Haryana, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Furuncular myiasis is a parasitic infection of a live mammal by fly larvae commonly seen in Africa. However, with an increase in international tourism, there is a significant rise in exotic infection in non-endemic areas which can pose a diagnostic challenge to doctors and potentially lead to delay in treatment. From the current literature, only 12 cases were reported in the UK. CASE PRESENTATION We report an unusual case of multiple abscesses in a 32-year-old white British woman presenting to our Emergency department in the UK after returning from a holiday in The Gambia, West Africa. She did not complain of systemic symptoms and was otherwise fit and healthy with no significant past medical history. During examination, two maggots were expressed from the abscesses by applying lateral pressure to each lesion. The larvae were found to be Cordylobia anthropophaga. She was discharged with antibiotics to prevent secondary infection with no further follow-up. CONCLUSION With globalization, the need for increasing awareness of tropical diseases has become important to win the battle against future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Hong How
- Department of Emergency medicine, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Haslingden Road, Blackburn, Lancashire, BB2 3HH, UK
| | - Darren Yap
- Department of Emergency medicine, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Haslingden Road, Blackburn, Lancashire, BB2 3HH, UK
| | - Nik Mbakada
- Department of Emergency medicine, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Haslingden Road, Blackburn, Lancashire, BB2 3HH, UK.
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Totkova A, Jakubovsky J, Totka A, Bohmer D, Stankovic I, Holeckova K, Malova J, Cibulkova A. The first imported human infestation with Furuncular myiasis in man in the Slovakia and current knowledge of myiasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 117:321-7. [PMID: 27546363 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2016_064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Furuncular myiasis is caused by the genus of botfly Dermatobia hominis. It belongs to the family Cuterebridae and is indigenous to Central and South America. OBJECTIVE to present a case report of the first case of this disease in Slovakia. CURRENT STATE OF PROBLEM SOLUTION The term myiasis refers to infestation of the host (animal, man) by botfly larvae. Its larvae burrow under the skin. They feed on the host's living tissues and fluids. MateriAl and methods: Patient's history analysis, parasitological examination. RESULTS A 58-year-old woman after returning from Central America found in the skin above her m. gluteus mayor 2 indurations, which contained three botfly larvae. DISCUSSION Infestation with botfly larvae Dermatobia hominis is for man annoying and from a health point of view dangerous. CONCLUSION With proper diagnosis, it is possible to remove the larvae safely from furuncles. The authors point to the first case of imported infestation with Furuncular myiasis caused by botfly Dermatobia hominis in man introduced to Slovakia. They note that increasing tourism spread to the countries with the endemic occurrence of Furuncular myiasis will cause its higher prevalence also in Central European countries (Fig. 5, Ref. 45).
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Abstract
Myiasis is defined as the infestation of live vertebrates, either humans or animals, with dipterous larvae. Many organs can be infested by these larvae with cutaneous myiasis being the most common form. Cutaneous myiasis can be divided into three categories: localized furuncular myiasis, migratory myiaisis and wound myiasis, which occurs when fly larvae infest the open wounds of the host. Human myiasis has worldwide distribution, with more species and a heavier burden in tropical and subtropical countries. In recent years with increased travel to the tropics, myiasis has become common in returning travelers from these regions, Furuncular myiasis, mainly Dermatobia homonis becomes the most common form seen among them. Treatment is based on full extraction of the larva and no antibiotic treatment is needed. Understanding the mode of transmission of each type of myiasis may help to prevent the infestation.
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Hirsch G, Jeandel R, Biechler M, Boivin JF, Hillion B. [Furuncular myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis. Fortuitous diagnosis on extemporaneous macroscopic analysis of an excised cutaneous nodule]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2015; 142:776-9. [PMID: 26610361 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2015.10.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Furuncular myiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the development of human botfly larva in the skin. It affects people living in tropical countries and travelers returning from these countries and concerns a number of medical specialties. One form of treatment involves surgical extraction of the parasites. PATIENTS AND METHODS We report the case of a 47-year-old man returning from Guyana presenting two furuncle-like nodules of the skin on the right buttock and on the right shoulder blade. Extemporaneous intraoperative macroscopic examination of the buttock nodule resulted in diagnosis of myiasis caused by the human botfly, Dermatobia hominis. DISCUSSION The diagnosis of furuncular myiasis is made primarily on clinical grounds and should be suspected on observation of an abscess in subjects returning from a tropical region. It is consequently rare to find D. hominis in biopsy specimens. In the present case, macroscopic examination showed an extremely rare image of the edge of the intact larva in a longitudinal cut, which to our knowledge has never been published to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hirsch
- Service de dermatologie, centre hospitalier de Marne-La-Vallée, 2-4, cours de la Gondoire, 77600 Jossigny, France.
| | - R Jeandel
- Service de pathologie, centre hospitalier de Marne-La-Vallée, 2-4, cours de la Gondoire, 77600 Jossigny, France
| | - M Biechler
- Service de chirurgie viscérale, clinique Saint-Faron, 1143, rue Charles-de-Gaulle, 77100 Mareuil-les-Meaux, France
| | - J-F Boivin
- Service de pathologie, centre hospitalier de Marne-La-Vallée, 2-4, cours de la Gondoire, 77600 Jossigny, France
| | - B Hillion
- Service de dermatologie, centre hospitalier de Marne-La-Vallée, 2-4, cours de la Gondoire, 77600 Jossigny, France
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Hu JM, Wang CC, Chao LL, Lee CS, Shih CM. First report of furuncular myiasis caused by the larva of botfly, Dermatobia hominis, in a Taiwanese traveler. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3:229-31. [PMID: 23620844 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of furuncular myiasis was reported for the first time in a 29-year-old young Taiwanese traveler returning from an ecotourism in Peru. Furuncle-like lesions were observed on the top of his head and he complained of crawling sensations within his scalp. The invasive larva of botfly, Dermatobia hominis, was extruded from the furuncular lesion of the patient. Awareness of cutaneous myiasis for clinicians should be considered for a patient who has a furuncular lesion and has recently returned from a botfly-endemic area.
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Zammarchi L, Viligiardi R, Strohmeyer M, Bartoloni A. Dermatobia hominis: Small Migrants Hidden in Your Skin. Ann Dermatol 2014; 26:632-5. [PMID: 25324659 PMCID: PMC4198594 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2014.26.5.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of vertebrate animal tissues due to maggots of two-winged flies (Diptera) that feed on living or necrotic tissue. Dermatobia hominis occurs widely in tropical parts of Latin America; it is the most common cause of furuncular myiasis in this region. The continuous increase in international travel has increased the possibility of observing this pathology outside endemic countries, especially in travelers returning from the tropics. If clinicians are aware of the possibility of the disease and its treatment options, this dermatosis can be easily managed. However, diagnostic delay is very common because the disease is often misdiagnosed as a bacterial skin infection. Here, we report 2 cases of furuncular myiasis caused by D. hominis in travelers returning to Italy from Latin America. Surgical and noninvasive treatment approaches are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Zammarchi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Viligiardi
- General Surgery Unit, Department of General, Emergency and Mininvasive Surgery, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Marianne Strohmeyer
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bartoloni
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Abstract
Dermatobia hominis, the botfly, is indigenous to Central and South America. Its usual host is a mammal, often a horse or cow. Cutaneous furuncular myiasis, human infestation by the botfly, has rarely been reported. Symptoms of infestation include a locally painful, firm furuncular lesion, often with a centrally located pore. Due to their infrequent occurrence, these lesions are often misdiagnosed as cellulitis, leishmaniasis, furunculosis, staphylococcal boil, insect bite or sebaceous cyst - conditions with similar presentations. The present case reiterates the need to think of 'zebras' when hearing 'hoof beats' that may have originated in a different land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Jacobs
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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