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Zhou W, Lou W, Chen J, Ding B, Chen B, Xie H, Zhou L, Zheng S, Jiang D. AG-1024 Sensitizes Sorafenib-Resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Sorafenib via Enhancing G1/S Arrest. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1049-1059. [PMID: 33623392 PMCID: PMC7894871 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s289324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The frequency in resistance to sorafenib accounts for the grim prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we explore the anti-cancer efficacy of co-administration of sub-toxic AG-1024 with sorafenib in HCC cells to enhance the sensitivity of these cells to sorafenib. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two acquired sorafenib-resistant HCC cells, SNU-sora-5 and SK-sora-5, were established and verified. The MTT assay, colony formation assay, cell morphology detection and flow cytometric analysis were then used to determine the anti-tumor effects of the co-administration of sub-toxic AG-1024 and sorafenib. Finally, the potential molecular mechanism was preliminarily examined. RESULTS Compared to parental cell lines, the acquired sorafenib-resistant cell lines, SNU-sora-5 and SK-sora-5, were more resistant to sorafenib. Sub-toxic AG-1024 markedly enhanced sorafenib-mediated cell inhibition in acquired sorafenib-resistant HCC strains, with a reversal index (RI) of 4.64 in SNU-sora-5 and 4.58 in SK-sora-5 cell lines. Moreover, co-administration of sub-toxic AG-1024 and sorafenib exerted dramatic cytotoxicity compared with sorafenib alone in the intrinsic sorafenib-resistant HCC-LM3 cells. In contrast to high-dose sorafenib, sub-toxic AG-1024 combined with sorafenib had less impact on apoptosis while significantly enhancing G1/S arrest via activation of the mTOR/p21 signaling pathway. The more, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR activity by inhibitor Palomid 529 significantly antagonized the synergistic anti-cancer effects of AG-1024 and sorafenib in HCC cells. CONCLUSION The current findings indicate that sub-toxic AG-1024 may be a promising therapeutic agent in enhancing the sensitivity in HCC cells to sorafenib, bringing hope to HCC patients refractory to sorafenib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyang Lou
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junru Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bisha Ding
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binjie Chen
- NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghai Jiang
- NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Li Z, Tang X, Luo Y, Chen B, Zhou C, Wu X, Tang Z, Qi X, Cao G, Hao J, Liu Z, Wang Q, Yin Z, Yang H. NK007 helps in mitigating paclitaxel resistance through p38MAPK activation and HK2 degradation in ovarian cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16178-16190. [PMID: 30786006 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer resistance to available medicines is a huge challenge in dire need of a solution, which makes its recurrence and mortality rate further exacerbated. A promising approach to overcome chemoresistance is drug screening from natural products. Here, we report that NK007, a (±)-tylophorine malate isolated from the Asclepiadaceae family, selectively inhibited the proliferation of A2780 and A2780 (Taxol) cells and migration of paclitaxel-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cells. Interestingly, the decline of cell viability, including cell multiplication, clonality, and migration capacity was independent on cell apoptosis. At the molecular level, NK007 considerably induced G1/S arrest and upregulated the expression of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK). In addition, hexokinase 2 (HK2) protein degradation was considerably elevated in the presence of NK007, which resulted in the reduction of oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate. Altogether, our results indicate that NK007, an analog of tylophorine, can overcome paclitaxel (PTX) resistance through p38MAPK activation and HK2 degradation. As an effective, alternative antiresistance agent, NK007 exhibits a promising potential to treat PTX-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bangyu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuqing Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenping Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Qi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangchao Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianlei Hao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonghua Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengwen Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), commonly caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury, has far-reaching health consequences. Despite the significant regenerative capacity of proximal tubular epithelium cells (PTCs), repair frequently fails, leading to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the last decade, it has been repeatedly demonstrated that dysregulation of the cell cycle can cause injured kidneys to progress to CKD. More precisely, severe AKI causes PTCs to arrest in the G1/S or G2/M phase of the cell cycle, leading to maladaptive repair and a fibrotic outcome. The mechanisms causing these arrests are far from known. The arrest might, at least partially, be attributed to DNA damage since activation of the DNA-damage response pathway leads to cell cycle arrest. Alternatively, cytokine signalling via nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) pathways, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can play a role independent of DNA damage. In addition, only a handful of cell cycle regulators (e.g., p53, p21) have been thoroughly studied during renal repair. Still, why and how PTCs decide to arrest their cell cycle and how this arrest can efficiently be overcome remain open and challenging questions. In this review we will discuss the evidence for cell cycle involvement during AKI and development of CKD together with putative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Moonen
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Benjamin A Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Huang H, Shen H, Wang Y, Wang X, Chen Q, Wang Y, Yan H, Liu Z, Shi X. LOH12CR1 is a Novel Tumor Suppressor Inhibiting Tumor Growth Through Deregulation of G1/S Checkpoint in Human Colorectal Carcinoma. Curr Mol Med 2018; 18:25-35. [PMID: 29879888 DOI: 10.2174/1566524018666180608084005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 12p12-13 has been frequently found in various types of cancer. LOH12CR1 is one of the seven critical genes located within the 12p12-13 region. The protein encoded by LOH12CR1 is involved in the function of lysosomes and its other functions are still unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the potential roles of LOH12CR1 in the development of colorectal cancer. METHODS A total of 174 colorectal cancer tissues were used to examine the protein level of LOH12CR1 by immunohistochemistry staining. The correlation between LOH12CR1 expression and the patient prognosis was further investigated through retrospective study. The tumor suppression capacity was examined by knockdown or overexpression of LOH12CR1 in four colorectal cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. RESULTS Significant decrease of LOH12CR1 protein was observed in colorectal cancerous tissues (P<0.001). Knockdown of LOH12CR1 promoted colorectal cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, and accelerated G1/S cell cycle transition through downregulation of p16INK4a and p21WAF1/CIP1, while ectopic expression of LOH12CR1 displayed the opposite effects. The protein level of LOH12CR1 was well correlated with the expression of p16INK4a and p21WAF1/CIP1. Most importantly, the protein level of LOH12CR1 negatively correlated with clinical prognosis of colorectal carcinomas. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that LOH12CR1 might function as a tumor suppressor. Thus, loss of function of LOH12CR1 might be a potential driver in the development of colorectal carcinoma. Detection of LOH12CR1 could be used as a method for diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - H Shen
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Center for Medical Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology of Xi-Jing Hospital, China
| | - Q Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - H Yan
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Z Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - X Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Zhang YQ, Yang H, Sun WD, Wang J, Zhang BY, Shen YJ, Yin MQ, Liu YX, Liu C, Sun Y. Ethanol extract of Ilex hainanensis Merr. exhibits anti-melanoma activity by induction of G 1/S cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 24:47-55. [PMID: 28741062 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate anti-melanoma effect of ethanol extract of Ilex hainanensis Merr. (IME) and elucidate its underlying mechanism. METHODS Thirty-six tumor-bearing mice were randomized into 6 groups (n=6) as follows: model group, IME 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg groups and dacarbazine (DTIC) 70 mg/kg group. The mice in the IME treatment groups were intragastrically administered with IME 25, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg per day, respectively. The mice in the DTIC group were intraperitoneally injected with DTIC 70 mg/kg every 2 days. The drug administration was lasting for 14 days. The cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dime-thylthylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Flow cytometry was employed to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. The gene and protein expressions of nuclear factor κB-p65 (NF-κB-p65), Bcl-2, B-cell lymphomaextra large (Bcl-xL) and Bax were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. Caspases-3, -8, and -9 activities were detected using the colorimetric method. In addition, a B16-F10 melanoma xenograft mouse model was used to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of IME in vivo. Furthermore, a survival experiment of tumor-bearing mice was also performed to evaluate the possible toxicity of IME. RESULTS IME significantly inhibited the proliferation of B16-F10 cells (P<0.01). Flow cytometric analysis showed that IME induced G1/S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (both P<0.01). IME inhibited activation of NF-κB, decreased the gene and protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and increased the gene and protein expressions of Bax (all P<0.01). In addition, IME induced the activation of Caspases-3, -8, and -9 in B16-F10 cells. The study in vivo showed that IME significantly reduced tumor volume (P<0.01), and the inhibitory rate came up to 68.62%. IME also induced large areas of necrosis and intra-tumoral apoptosis that correlated with a reduction in tumor volume. Survival experiment showed that treatment with IME for 14 days significantly prolonged survival time and 20% of mice in the IME 200 mg/kg group were still alive until the 50th day. Notably, IME showed no apparent side-effects during the treatment period. CONCLUSION IME exhibited significant anti-melanoma activity in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that IME might be a promising effective candidate with lower toxic for malignant melanoma therapy.
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Kang CH, Yun JI, Lee K, Lee CO, Lee HK, Yun CS, Hwang JY, Cho SY, Jung H, Kim P, Ha JD, Jeon JH, Choi SU, Jeong HG, Kim HR, Park CH. Development of potent ALK inhibitor and its molecular inhibitory mechanism against NSCLC harboring EML4-ALK proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:762-7. [PMID: 26168728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show the newly synthesized and potent ALK inhibitor having similar scaffold to KRCA-0008, which was reported previously, and its molecular mechanism against cancer cells harboring EML4-ALK fusion protein. Through ALK wild type enzyme assay, we selected two compounds, KRCA-0080 and KRCA-0087, which have trifluoromethyl instead of chloride in R2 position. We characterized these newly synthesized compounds by in vitro and in vivo assays. Enzyme assay shows that KRCA-0080 is more potent against various ALK mutants, including L1196M, G1202R, T1151_L1152insT, and C1156Y, which are seen in crizotinib-resistant patients, than KRCA-0008 is. Cell based assays demonstrate our compounds downregulate the cellular signaling, such as Akt and Erk, by suppressing ALK activity to inhibit the proliferation of the cells harboring EML4-ALK. Interestingly, our compounds induced strong G1/S arrest in H3122 cells leading to the apoptosis, which is proved by PARP-1 cleavage. In vivo H3122 xenograft assay, we found that KRCA-0080 shows significant reduction in tumor size compared to crizotinib and KRCA-0008 by 15-20%. Conclusively, we report a potent ALK inhibitor which shows significant in vivo efficacy as well as excellent inhibitory activity against various ALK mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Hyo Kang
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong In Yun
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangho Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Ock Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyoung Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Yun
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Yeon Hwang
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yun Cho
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Jung
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilho Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Du Ha
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Jeon
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Choi
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Rae Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chi Hoon Park
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
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Tang W, Xue R, Weng S, Wu J, Fang Y, Wang Y, Ji L, Hu T, Liu T, Huang X, Chen S, Shen X, Zhang S, Dong L. BIRC6 promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis: interaction of BIRC6 with p53 facilitating p53 degradation. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:E475-87. [PMID: 25196217 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The genes that encode inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are frequently overexpressed in human cancers. However, the expression pattern and clinical significance of BIRC6, a member of IAPs, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Here we investigated the role of BIRC6 in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. We used immunoblot and immunochemical analyses to determine the levels of BIRC6 in 7 hepatoma cell lines and 160 HCC specimens. We evaluated the proognostic value of BIRC6 expression and its association with clinical parameters. A lentivirus-mediated silencing method was used to knockdown BIRC6, and the biological consequences of BIRC6 silencing in three hepatoma cell lines were investigated in vitro and in vivo. We found that BIRC6 overexpression was significantly correlated with serum ALT level and HCC vascular invasion. Patients with positive BIRC6 expression in tumor tissue had a poor survival and a high rate of recurrence. BIRC6 knockdown remarkably suppressed cell proliferation, caused G1/S arrest and sensitized hepatoma cells to sorafenib-induced apoptosis in hepatoma cells, which was partly reversed by RNA interference targeting p53. The mechanistic study revealed that BIRC6 interacted with p53 and facilitated its degradation. The in vivo study showed that BIRC6 knockdown inhibited xenograft tumor growth and increased the sensitivity of tumor cells to sorafenib in nude mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that BIRC6 overexpression in HCC specimens is indicative of poor prognosis and that its interaction with p53 facilitates the degradation of p53, leading to carcinogenesis and an anti-apoptotic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Arivazhagan L, Sorimuthu Pillai S. Tangeretin, a citrus pentamethoxyflavone, exerts cytostatic effect via p53/p21 up-regulation and suppresses metastasis in 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene-induced rat mammary carcinoma. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1140-1153. [PMID: 25151216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide, which is characterized by unregulated cell growth and metastasis. Many bioactive compounds of plant origin such as tangeretin have been shown to possess potent antioxidant and anticancerous properties. In the present study we have investigated the chemotherapeutic effect of tangeretin against 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis and studied its underlying mechanism of action. Breast cancer was induced by "air pouch technique" with a single dose of 25mg/kg of DMBA. Tangeretin (50 mg/kg) was administered orally for four weeks. Remarkably, tangeretin treatment controlled the growth of cancer cells which was clearly evidenced by morphological and histological analysis. Also, serum levels of estradiol, progesterone and prolactin; lipid bound sialic acid and total sialic acid and the tissue levels of nitric oxide and protein carbonyls of cancer induced animals were decreased upon tangeretin treatment. Staining of breast tissues for nucleolar organizer regions, mast cells, glycoproteins, lipids and collagen showed that tangeretin treatment to breast cancer induced rats significantly reduced tumorigenesis. Oral tangeretin treatment also effectively reduced the tumor cell proliferation markers such as PCNA, COX-2 and Ki-67. Further, tangeretin treatment arrested the cancer cell division at the G1/S phase via p53/p21 up-regulation and inhibited metastasis by suppressing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Taken together, the data provides new evidence on the mechanism of action of tangeretin in breast cancer and hence extends the hypothesis supporting its potential use in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Arivazhagan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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