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Garba NN, Aliyu AS, Rabiu N, Kankara UM, Vatsa AM, Ismaila A, Musa J, Onuh E. Investigation of natural radionuclides and radiation shielding potential of some commonly used building materials in Northwestern Nigeria. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9696. [PMID: 38678147 PMCID: PMC11055895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the gamma-ray shielding potential of clay, sand, gypsum and kaolin commonly used as a building material in Northwestern, Nigeria. The radiological status of the samples was first evaluated by determining the activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K using NaI (Tl) detector after which elemental composition and mass density were determined using Neutron Activation Analytical Technique. After which the mass attenuation coefficients (MAC), linear attenuation coefficients (LAC), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), and effective atomic number (Zeff) were determined experimentally and theoretically using standard point sources of 137Cs and 60Co photon peaks (0.662 and 1.332, 1.173) MeV and Py-MLBUF software. The activity concentrations were found to range from 51 to 59 Bq kg-1 with a mean value of 59 Bq kg-1 for 238U, 24 to 27 Bq kg-1 with a mean value of 29 Bq kg-1 for 232Th, and 219 to 247 Bq kg-1 with a mean value of 247 Bq kg-1 for 40K which were about within the world recommended values of 33, 45 and 420 Bq kg-1 respectively. The results of the elemental compositions show that Si, Al, K, Fe, and Ba in clay and sand samples have concentrations in the range of 36.83-78.48%, 1.92-26.05%, 6.33-21.96%, 2.39-19.09%, and 0.09-1.44%, respectively, while in kaolin and gypsum, results revealed that Si, Al, K, Fe, and Ca range between 0.34 and 65.52%, 1.14-35.82%, 0.00-12.12%, 0.00-5.77%, and 0.00-96.6%, respectively. However, the concentrations of other elements such as Mg, Ti, Mn, Zn, Na, and Ba varied significantly with the samples. The results showed that clay has an average density of 1.96 g/cm3, sand has 2.32 g/cm3, kaolin has 2.63 g/cm3, and gypsum has the highest density with a value of 2.66 g/cm3 compared to other samples. During the measurements, a thallium-activated sodium-iodide NaI (TI) detector was used. A narrow beam transmission geometry condition was adopted for the measurements to ensure minimal scattered radiation. Absorption and attenuation of gamma beams as a function of sample thickness against gamma energy generally exhibit an increasing gamma ray behaviour as the sample thickness increases from 1 to 3 cm. The results showed that the gypsum, kaolin, sand, and clay were capable of attenuating 63.5%, 61.5%, 58.4%, and 44.2 of gamma-ray photons of energy 0.662 MeV at 3 cm thickness %, respectively, and 40.6%, 32.9%, 30.6%, and 27.3% of gamma energy 1.332 MeV at 3 cm thickness, respectively. The results showed that MAC, LAC, and Zeff of all the samples decreased with an increase in photon energy, while those of HVL and TVL increased. The experimental results for all the gamma-ray shielding parameters were found to be in good agreement with the theoretical values obtained using Py-MLBUF. The results have shown that all the samples have similar photon attenuation behaviours; however, gypsum has the best shielding potential than kaolin and this is attributed due to its highest density value.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Garba
- Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - A S Aliyu
- Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - N Rabiu
- Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - U M Kankara
- Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A M Vatsa
- Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A Ismaila
- Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - J Musa
- Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - E Onuh
- Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Yusuf AB, Lim HS, Ahmad Abir I. Radiogenic heat production estimation towards sustainable energy drive in northeastern Nigeria. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16310. [PMID: 37274670 PMCID: PMC10238692 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An estimate of the radiogenic heat production (RHP) across the different petrologic units of northeastern, Nigeria was previously not performed. Hence, their geothermal potentials are not widely known. However, an airborne radiometric data of equivalent uranium, (eU), equivalent thorium (eTh,) and percentage potassium (% K) acquired by Nigerian geological survey agency (NGSA) in the year 2009 was deployed in the evaluation of the RHP across the major petrologic outcrops of northeastern, Nigeria. The objective of this study is to estimate the quantity of RHP across the 13 petrologic units of the northeastern Nigerian terrain via the use of an empirical equation (RHP=ρ(0.0952Cu+0.0256CTh+0.0348Ck)). The petrologic units studied are; medium-coarse grained biotite-hornblende granites (OGe), porphyritic biotite-hornblende granites (OGp), banded gneiss (bG), charnokytes (Ch), ignimbrites (JYG), migmatites-gneiss (MG), basalts (bb), Gombe sandstones (GS), Pindiga Formation (PS), Yolde Formation (YL), Bima sandstones (BS), Keri-Keri Formation (KK), and alluvium (AL). Basic/preliminary processing such as; signal integration, signal validation, and examination of spurious data were applied prior to the RHP computation. The results of the heat production analysis performed show the range of RHP to be from 1.11μW/m3 to 3.35μW/m3 Hence, the maximum heat production value of 3.35μW/m3 was recorded along porphyritic biotite-hornblende granites (OGp) rock block, while the least value of 1.11μW/m3 was recorded over alluvium (AL) rock outcrops. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the RHP values over the study location shows a gradual increase from the middle, low heat production (sedimentary zones) to the high heat producing areas (granitic and metamorphic zones) around eastern and western parts. The petrologic units arranged in order of decreasing magnitude of radiogenic heat generation are; OGp > MG > OGe/bG > bb > GS > Ch > JYG > BS > PS/YL > KK > AL. On a general note, the petrologic units studied were classified as low in terms of geothermal character based on comparison with other previous global RHP studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu bakar Yusuf
- Geophysics Section, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Gombe State University, P.M.B. 127, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Hwee San Lim
- Geophysics Section, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Ahmad Abir
- Geophysics Section, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
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Han EJ, Im ST, Ahn G, Lee SH. Radio-protective effects of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak extract in mice. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 199:110881. [PMID: 37267776 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thymus quinquecostatus Celak (TQC) is an aromatic herb, that possesses a wide range of biological properties. In the present study, we investigated the radio-protective effect of TQC water extract (TQCW) in gamma ray-exposed splenocytes, a peripheral immune cell and mice. Our results showed that the treatment with TQCW dose-dependently increased the viability of splenocytes. TQCW significantly increased the proliferation of splenocytes by reducing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in 2 Gy-exposed splenocytes. Moreover, TQCW enhanced the hemopoietic system as increasing the number of endogenous spleen colony-forming units, and the number and the proliferation of splenocytes in 7 Gy-exposed mice. These results suggest that TQCW protects mice by enhancing the splenocytes proliferation and hemopoietic systems following exposure to gamma rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Jeong Han
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Healthcare and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Im
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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McTaggart R. The assay of soil carbon with naturally occurring cosmic ray neutrons. J Environ Radioact 2023; 264:107202. [PMID: 37156092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The detection of gamma rays induced in soil by naturally occurring cosmic ray neutrons is explored with the Geant4 Simulation Toolkit to monitor carbon sequestration in soil. The simulated soil is a uniform mixture of minerals, air, water, and soil organic carbon. As the soil organic carbon increases from 0% to 15% by volume, the mineral matter decreases, and gamma ray counts from mineral-related isotopes decrease. Characteristic gamma ray energies from a variety of elements are collected near the surface with a germanium detector. Of these, the 2.224 MeV gamma ray from hydrogen is sensitive to changes in soil organic carbon as low as 0.12% after counting for the equivalent of 3.45 days. Counting longer is recommended to reduce the sensitivity of the primary 4.438 MeV gamma ray from carbon below its current value of 2.81% in the simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert McTaggart
- Department of Physics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
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Yang HE, Yu BS, Sim SJ. Enhanced astaxanthin production of Haematococcus pluvialis strains induced salt and high light resistance with gamma irradiation. Bioresour Technol 2023; 372:128651. [PMID: 36682476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to increase the productivity of biomass that contains high astaxanthin content by developing a mutant Haematococcus pluvialis strain with strong environmental tolerance. H. pluvialis has a low cell-growth rate and is vulnerable to stressors such as salinity or light intensity, which may hinder large-scale commercial cultivation. A mutant M5 strain selected through 5000-Gy gamma irradiation showed improved biomass and astaxanthin production under high-salinity and high-light intensity conditions. With enhanced SOD activity and overexpressed astaxanthin biosynthesis genes (lyc, crtR-b, bkt2), M5 demonstrated an increase in biomass and astaxanthin productivity by 86.70 % and 66.15 %, respectively compared to those of untreated cells. Also, the omega-3 content of M5 increased by 149.44 % under 40 mM CaCl2 compared to the untreated cells. Finally, even when subjected to high-intensity light irradiation for the whole life cycle, the biomass and astaxanthin concentration increased by 84.99 % and 241 %, respectively, compared to the wild-type cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Eun Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Yoshida Y, Horikawa DD, Sakashita T, Yokota Y, Kobayashi Y, Tomita M, Arakawa K. RNA sequencing data for gamma radiation response in the extremotolerant tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus. Data Brief 2021; 36:107111. [PMID: 34095369 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades are microscopic animals of which terrestrial species are capable of tolerating extreme environments by entering a desiccated ametabolic state known as anhydrobiosis. Intriguingly, they survive high dosage gamma rays (>4,000 Gy), possibly through a mechanism known as cross-tolerance. We hypothesized that anhydrobiosis genes are also regulated during cross-tolerance, thus we submitted Ramazzottius varieornatus to 500 Gy 60Co gamma-ray and conducted time-course low-input RNA-Seq. The gene expression was quantified with RSEM and differential expression was determined with DEseq2. Differentially expressed genes were submitted to gene ontology enrichment analysis with GOStat. The transcriptome dynamically shifted nine hours post-exposure.
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Nikzamir A, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Razzaghi Z, Rostami-Nejad M, Hamdieh M, Arjmand B. Gene Activation as a Cell Protection Mechanism Against Gamma-Ray radiation. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:S80-S84. [PMID: 33995974 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.s13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Gamma radiation is accompanied by prominent biological effects and damages. Cell proliferation and tumorigenesis are highlighted as the main resulted effects of gamma radiation on cultured cells. This study aims to assess the dysregulated mode of gene function after gamma radiation in human Jurkat cells. Methods: Six gene expression profiles from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were analyzed by GEO2R to find the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via gamma radiation. Action map analysis was applied to screen the query DEGs. Results: Among 108 study genes, 20 critical DEGs including AURKA, AURKB, BORA, CCNB1, CCNB2, CCNF, CDC20, CDCA8, CENPA, CENPE, CENPF, KIF18A, KIF20A, KIF23, BUB1, DLGAP5, ECT2, PLK1, SGO2, and TPX2 were introduced as down-regulated genes by the gamma ray. Conclusion: Activators of the introduced critical genes may be the cell protector against gamma radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hamdieh
- Department of Psychosomatic, Taleghani Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Firouzi S, Khorshidi A, Soltani-Nabipour J, Zia Barzi SM, Amani M, Ay MR. Evaluation of gamma and electron radiations impact on vitamins for onion preservation. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 167:109442. [PMID: 33045655 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Food irradiation is a process in which food and other consumer products are exposed to gamma rays, X-rays or electron beams after extraction. This method is particularly important in order to reduce infectious agents and to extend the shelf life of the product. The target radiation is done with different devices, so self-sufficient radiation and panoramic radiation -including product and source overlap, planar and categorical radiation- is the major characteristics. Besides, a high performance liquid chromatography device (10% methanol, 70%-80% distilled water and 10% ethanol) is utilized to measure the chemical substance of pyridoxine (vitamin B3), thiamine (vitamin B6) and vitamin C of Vidalia or sweet onions. In our research, gamma-cell 220 and Rhodorton electron facilities were utilized to irradiate the onion crop. This project focuses on increasing the shelf life of agricultural products, especially onions, using energy of 1.25 MeV for both gamma irradiation and electron beam, and measuring the amount of vitamins B3, B6 and C, which are the nutrients of this product. The prepared onion samples were exposed under electron and gamma irradiations by two doses of 200 and 500 Gy at 25 °C. Then, a liquid chromatography device was utilized to measure the vitamins. The results showed that the onions were not damaged by 200 Gy doses and their nutritional properties were preserved, which means that not only can vitamins with this dose be retained without any spoilage for 30 days, but also eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. The process indicated that using 200 Gy radiations does not endanger the health of food and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Firouzi
- Department of Physics, Tafresh University, Tafresh, Iran
| | - Abdollah Khorshidi
- Medical Radiation Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University, Parand Branch, Parand, Iran; School of Paramedical, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran; Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Seyed Mohsen Zia Barzi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amani
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ay
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Guo X, Yan J, Wang Q. Monitoring of gamma radiation in aseismic region and its response to seismic events. J Environ Radioact 2020; 213:106119. [PMID: 31783293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The surface gamma dose was monitored by RS-230 gamma spectrometer in aseismic region from March 2018 to April 2019. The behavior of gamma radiation were analyzed, the results show that is obviously affected by rainfall. Based on the meteorological dataset provided by National Meteorological Information Center, the method for quantitative removal of rainfall interference is proposed. The statistical uncertainty is an intrinsic property of radionuclide and has a significant impact on gamma data. This paper proposed the method to remove statistical uncertainty of gamma radiation based on singular value decomposition and signal-to-noise ratio, which reduced the statistical uncertainty of radiation and preserves the interesting information. The characteristic response of gamma radiation monitoring to seismic activity is analyzed with the data provided by China Earthquake Data Center, and the result showed that the gamma radiation in aseismic region had a certain indication on seismic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Changsha, 410083, China; School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Jiabin Yan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Changsha, 410083, China; School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Changsha, 410083, China; School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
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10
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Saghi MH, Mohammadi AA, Ghaderpoori M, Ghaderpoury A, Alinejad A. Estimate the effective dose of gamma radiation in Iran cities: lifetime cancer risk by Monte Carlo simulation model. Environ Geochem Health 2019; 41:2549-2558. [PMID: 31062129 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background radiation can be different in both indoor and outdoor places. Background radiation is always in the environment, and all people in the community are constantly exposed to it. The most important source of exposure to gamma ray is natural radionuclides. Gamma rays can have harmful effects on the human body. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health risk of gamma-ray exposure and to simulate using the Monte Carlo simulation. In this study, gamma-ray data were extracted from the studies carried out at intervals January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018. Iranian and international databases were used to search for the articles. A total of 11 studies were found. To determine the health effects of gamma-ray radiation, the annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk were calculated. To determine the uncertainty, a health risk assessment was conducted via Monte Carlo simulation. In outdoor, the mean, highest, and lowest absorbed dose of gamma ray were 117.82 nSv/h, 295.17 nSv/h, and 49 nSv/h, respectively. Ardabil Province and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province have the highest and lowest gamma ray concentrations, respectively. In indoor, the mean, highest, and lowest absorbed dose of gamma ray were 118.22 nSv/h, 141 nSv/h, and 60.2 nSv/h, respectively. The last column, the mean, maximum, and minimum of excess lifetime cancer risk values for gamma-ray radiation were 2.45E-3, 4.17E-3, and 4.61E-4, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossien Saghi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mansour Ghaderpoori
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Afshin Ghaderpoury
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolazim Alinejad
- Department of Public Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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11
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Montes ML, Rizzoto MG, Ayub JJ, Torres Astorga R, Taylor MA. An alternative methodology to determine 210Pb activity soil profiles. J Environ Radioact 2019; 208-209:105998. [PMID: 31255900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.105998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Unsupported 210Pb (Pbexc) is generated in air and is subsequently deposited on soil surface. The Pbexc can be used for sediment dating, soil erosion/sedimentation and air mass studies. In many cases, 210Pb activity determination (gamma ray 46.5 keV) cannot be performed due to the lack of efficiency calibration curve, especially when radioactive patron source is not available. This work presents an alternative methodology to obtain the 210Pb activity values, based on the activity definition and the attenuation coefficient determinations and assuming that soil samples coming from depth higher than 25 cm only contain 210Pb generated in the soil (Pbexc free, i.e., for those soil layers the 210Pb activity is equal to the 226Ra activity, at secular equilibrium). The proposed methodology was evaluated using soils from La Plata region, Argentina. The same soil samples were also analyzed in a second laboratory by the conventional methodology. The obtained results indicated that the proposed procedure can be used as a good alternative in cases where a calibration sample is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Montes
- IFLP- CONICET- CCT La Plata, CC 67, Diagonal 113 y 64, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
| | - M G Rizzoto
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis, UNSL/CONICET, Ejercito de los Andes 950, Argentina
| | - J Juri Ayub
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis, UNSL/CONICET, Ejercito de los Andes 950, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia - Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina
| | - R Torres Astorga
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis, UNSL/CONICET, Ejercito de los Andes 950, Argentina
| | - M A Taylor
- IFLP- CONICET- CCT La Plata, CC 67, Diagonal 113 y 64, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ingeniería - Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
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12
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Nazemi E, Aminipour M, Olfateh A, Golgoun SM, Davarpanah MR. Proposing an intelligent approach for measuring the thickness of metal sheets independent of alloy type. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 149:65-74. [PMID: 31029936 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiation based gauges have been widely utilized as a nondestructive and robust tool for measuring the thickness of metal sheets in industry. The typical radiation thickness meter can just work accurately when the composition of the material is fixed during the measurement process. In conditions that material composition may differ substantially from the nominal composition, such as manufacturing rolled metals factories, the thickness measurements would be along with errors. The purpose of the present research is resolving the problem of measuring the thickness of metal sheets with various alloys. The aluminum is investigated in this work as a case study but the procedure can be applied for other types of metals. As the first step, the performance of various arrangements of two main detection techniques, named dual energy and dual modality, were investigated using MCNPX code to obtain optimum technique and arrangement. The simulation results indicated that a binary combination of 241Am-60Co isotopes as the source and one transmission detector in dual energy technique is the most appropriate choice. After then, an experimental setup based on the obtained optimal technique from simulation investigations was established. The aluminum sheets with 4 alloy types of 1050, 3105, 5052 and 6061 and thicknesses in the range of 0.2-4 cm with a step of 0.2 cm were tested and the obtained data were implemented for testing and training the artificial neural network (ANN). The proposed methodology could predict the thickness of aluminum sheet independent of its alloy type with an error of less than 0.04 cm in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nazemi
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Aminipour
- Pars Isotope Company, P.O. Box 14376-63181, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Olfateh
- Radiation Application Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S M Golgoun
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran; Pars Isotope Company, P.O. Box 14376-63181, Tehran, Iran
| | - M R Davarpanah
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran; Pars Isotope Company, P.O. Box 14376-63181, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Hanafy RS, Akladious SA. Physiological and molecular studies on the effect of gamma radiation in fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum- graecum L.) plants. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:683-692. [PMID: 30733789 PMCID: PMC6353724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This experiment assessed the biochemical changes in fenugreek plants exposed to gamma radiation. Two pot experiments were carried out during two growing seasons of 2015 and 2016. Seeds were subjected to five doses of gamma irradiation (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 Gy) and were immediately planted into soil pots in a greenhouse. The experimental analysis was performed in M1 and M2 generations. Significant differences between irradiated and control plants were detected for most studied characters in M1 and M2 generations. It was demonstrated that low doses of gamma irradiation led to gradually increases in growth, yield characters, leaf soluble protein concomitantly with increases in the contents of phenolic and flavonoids compounds particularly at 100 Gy. These changes were accompanied by a substantial increase in ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and retinol contents. Proline content was increased under all doses of gamma rays in M1 generation and the highest amount of proline was obtained at 200 Gy with visible decrease in M2 generation under the same dose. Meanwhile, the highest dose of gamma radiation (400 Gy) decreased all the studied parameters in both mutagenic generations as compared with control plants. In addition, gamma irradiation doses induced changes in DNA profile on using five primers and caused the appearance and disappearance of DNA polymorphic bands with variation in their intensity. These findings confirm the effectiveness of relatively low doses of gamma rays on improving the physiological and biochemical criteria of fenugreek plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Samy Hanafy
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, 11341 Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Ghobashy MM, Younis SA, Elhady MA, Serp P. Radiation induced in-situ cationic polymerization of polystyrene organogel for selective absorption of cholorophenols from petrochemical wastewater. J Environ Manage 2018; 210:307-315. [PMID: 29358125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new in-situ cationic polymerization was performed to synthesize a cross-linked (91%) polystyrene (PS) organogel through tetrachloroethylene radiolysis assisted by 60Co gamma rays. Hoernschemeyer diagram and swelling capacity test show a better selectivity of PS organogel to chlorinated molecules compared to ester, hydrocarbons and alcohols organic molecules by 80-184 folds. Response surface modeling (RSM) of CPs (2,4,6-trichlorophenol) sorption from artificial wastewater confirm superiority of PS organogel to absorb 1746 μmol CPs/g (∼345 mg CPs/g) at broad pH (4-10) and temperature (25-45 °C). Based on ANOVA statistic, simulated CPs absorption model onto PS organogel was successfully developed, with accuracy of prediction of R2≈ RAdj2 of 0.991-0.995 and lower coefficient of variation of 2.73% with Fmodel of 611.4 at p < .0001. Particularly, the usage of PS organogel for petroleum wastewater reclamation exhibited higher absorption affinities for all the organic contaminants especially for CPs (>99%) by non-covalent and/or dispersive interaction mechanisms with a well-term reusability and good stability up to 5 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherif A Younis
- Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, P.O. Box 11727, Cairo, Egypt; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination UPR CNRS 8241, composante ENSIACET, Université de Toulouse, UPS-INP-LCC, 4 allée Emile Monso, BP 44362, 31030, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - Mohamed A Elhady
- Radiation Research of Polymer Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Philippe Serp
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination UPR CNRS 8241, composante ENSIACET, Université de Toulouse, UPS-INP-LCC, 4 allée Emile Monso, BP 44362, 31030, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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15
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Dong M, Xue X, Kumar A, Yang H, Sayyed MI, Liu S, Bu E. A novel method of utilization of hot dip galvanizing slag using the heat waste from itself for protection from radiation. J Hazard Mater 2018; 344:602-614. [PMID: 29112919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel, unconventional, low cost, eco-friendly and effective shielding materials have been made utilizing the hot dip galvanizing slag using the heat waste from itself, thereby saving the natural resources and preventing the environmental pollution. SEM-EDS of shielding materials indicates that the other elements are distributed in Zn element. The mass attenuation properties of shielding materials were measured using a narrow beam geometrical setup at 0.662MeV, 1.17MeV and 1.33MeV. The half value thickness layer, effective atomic number, and electron density were used to analyze the shielding performance of the materials. The EBFs and EABFs for the prepared shielding materials were also studied with incident photon energy for penetration depths upto 40mfp. The shielding effectiveness has been compared with lead, iron, zinc, some standard shielding concretes, different glasses and some alloys. The shielding effectiveness of the prepared samples is almost found comparable to iron, zinc, selected alloys and glasses while better than some standard shielding concretes. In addition, it is also found that the bending strength of all shielding materials is more than 110MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Dong
- Department of Resource and Environment, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Resources Recycling Science, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Xiangxin Xue
- Department of Resource and Environment, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Resources Recycling Science, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Physics, University College, Benra, Dhuri, Punjab, India
| | - He Yang
- Department of Resource and Environment, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Resources Recycling Science, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - M I Sayyed
- Physics Department, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Resource and Environment, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Resources Recycling Science, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Erjun Bu
- Department of Resource and Environment, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Resources Recycling Science, Shenyang 110819, China
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16
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Han A, Tsoi JKH, Matinlinna JP, Zhang Y, Chen Z. Effects of different sterilization methods on surface characteristics and biofilm formation on zirconia in vitro. Dent Mater 2017; 34:272-281. [PMID: 29183674 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current laboratory study was to investigate the effect of different sterilization treatments on surface characteristics of zirconia, and biofilm formation on zirconia surface after exposure to these sterilization treatments. METHODS Commercially available zirconia discs (Cerconbase, Degu-Dent, Hanau, Germany) were prepared and polished to the same value of surface roughness. The discs were treated with one of the following sterilization methods steam autoclave sterilization, dry heat sterilization, ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation, and gamma (γ) ray irradiation. The characteristics of zirconia surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface roughness, surface free energy (SFE), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Then, Staphylococcus aureus (S.a.) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) bacteria were used and cultured on the respective sterilized zirconia surfaces. The amount of biofilm formation on zirconia surface was quantified by colony forming unit (CFU) counts. RESULTS Significant modifications were detected on the colour and SFE of zirconia. The colour of zirconia samples after UVC irradiation became light yellow whilst dark brown colour was observed after gamma ray irradiation. Moreover, UVC and gamma ray irradiation increased the hydrophilicity of zirconia surface. Overall, dry heat sterilized samples showed the significantly lowest amount of bacteria growth on zirconia, while UVC and gamma ray irradiation resulted in the highest. SIGNIFICANCE It is evident that various sterilization methods could change the surface which contribute to different biofilm formation and colour on zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifang Han
- Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - James K H Tsoi
- Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jukka P Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials & Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Zhuofan Chen
- Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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17
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Khalili R, Ayoobian N, Jafarpour M, Shirani B. The effect of gamma irradiation on the properties of cucumber. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:4277-4283. [PMID: 29184234 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of gamma irradiation on the shelf life and properties of cucumber was investigated. These properties include weight reduction, fruit density, juice, tissue firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity, chlorophyll and vitamin C, pH, marketability, flavor, frostbite and fungal effects. For this purpose, cucumbers were irradiated with dose of 2, 2.5 and 3 kGy. The exposure time was calculated by MCNP4C; the Monte Carlo particle transport code. Three types of fungi (white-Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, gray-Botrytis cinerea and olive-Cladosporium cucumerinum), were used to infect some samples. The chlorophyll and vitamin C preservation abilities were increased to about 3 and 1.4 times, respectively with irradiation treatment. Also, the shelf life was increased about 1 week, while chilling injuries is decreased. Samples' resistance to the fungal growth was evident and the process of fungal growth on the irradiated samples was delayed up to 1 week. The best properties were obtained at the irradiation dose of 2 kGy since it had less effect on flavor, TSS and tissue firmness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khalili
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Esfahān, Iran
| | - Navid Ayoobian
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Esfahān, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jafarpour
- Isfahan (khurasgan) Branch, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Esfahān, Iran
| | - Babak Shirani
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Esfahān, Iran
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18
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Jung IJ, Hwang JE, Han SM, Kim DS, Ahn JW, Choi HI, Kwon SJ, Kang SY, Kim JB. Molecular dissection of the response of the rice Systemic Acquired Resistance Deficient 1 (SARD1) gene to different types of ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:717-725. [PMID: 28299960 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1297901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to ionizing radiation induces plant defenses by regulating the expression of response genes. The systemic acquired resistance deficient 1 (SARD1) is a key gene in plant defense response. In this study, the function of Oryza sativa SARD1 (OsSARD1) was investigated after exposure of seeds/plants to ionizing radiation, jasmonic acid (JA) or salicylic acid (SA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rice seeds exposed to two types of ionizing radiations (gamma ray [GR] and ion beam [IB]) were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to identify the genes that are altered in response to ionizing radiation. Then, OsSARD1-overexpressing homozygous Arabidopsis plants were generated to assess the effects of OsSARD1 in the response to irradiation. The phenotypes of these transgenic plants, as well as control plants, were monitored after GR irradiation at doses of 200 and 300 Gray (Gy). RESULTS The OsSARD1 transcript was strongly downregulated after exposure to GR and IB irradiation. Previous phylogenetic analysis showed that the Arabidopsis SARD1 (AtSARD1) protein is closely related to Arabidopsis calmodulin-binding protein 60g (AtCBP60g), which is known to be required for activation of SA biosynthesis. In this study, phylogenetic analysis showed that OsSARD1 was grouped with AtSARD1. The OsSARD1 gene was induced after exposure to SA and JA. The biological phenotype of OsSARD1-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants was examined. OsSARD1-overexpressing plants displayed resistance to GR; in comparison with wild-type plants, the height and weight of OsSARD1-overexpressing plants were significantly greater after GR irradiation. In addition, OsSARD1 protein was abundantly accumulated in the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that OsSARD1 plays an important role in the regulation of the defense responses to GR and IB irradiation and exhibits phytohormone induced expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Jung Jung
- a Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup , Jeollabuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Hwang
- a Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup , Jeollabuk , Republic of Korea.,b Division of Ecological Conservation, Bureau of Ecological Research , National Institute of Ecology , Seocheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Han
- a Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup , Jeollabuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sub Kim
- c NJBiopia Co. Ltd , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Woo Ahn
- a Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup , Jeollabuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Il Choi
- a Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup , Jeollabuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jae Kwon
- a Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup , Jeollabuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Yong Kang
- a Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup , Jeollabuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Baek Kim
- a Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup , Jeollabuk , Republic of Korea
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19
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Dong M, Xue X, Yang H, Liu D, Wang C, Li Z. A novel comprehensive utilization of vanadium slag: As gamma ray shielding material. J Hazard Mater 2016; 318:751-757. [PMID: 27343141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
New exploration of vanadium slag as gamma ray shielding material was proposed, the shielding properties of vanadium slag was higher than concrete when the energy of photons was in 0.0001MeV-100000MeV. Vanadium slag/epoxy resin composites were prepared, shielding and material properties of materials were tested by (60)Co gamma ray, simultaneous DSC-TGA, electronic universal testing machine and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results showed that the shielding properties of composite would be better with the increase of vanadium slag addition amount. The HVL (half value layer thickness) of vanadium slag was between Lead and concrete while composite was higher than concrete when the addition amount of vanadium slag was 900 used as material to shield (60)Co gamma ray, also the resistance temperature of composite was about 215°C and the bending strength was over 10MPa. The composites could be used as injecting mortar for cracks developed in biological concrete shields, coating for the floor of the nuclear facilities, and shielding materials by itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Dong
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Resources Recycling Science, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xiangxin Xue
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Resources Recycling Science, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - He Yang
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Resources Recycling Science, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Resources Recycling Science, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhefu Li
- Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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20
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Peyvandi RG, Taheri A, Olfateh A, Islami SZ. A new automated and precise calibration method for gamma level gauges with rod detector arrangement. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 112:1-4. [PMID: 26974485 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-ray liquid level gauging is of particular importance in several industries. Industrial vessels, tanks, and reactors, which work at high temperatures and pressures, usually have thick metal walls up to 20cm. These factors make it impossible to know the exact level of liquid or fluid while the system is operating. For this reason, the calibration process of the gamma level gauges is difficult as it is impossible to gain access to the inside of the vessels, which is important during the calibration process. In this study, a new auto-calibration method was proposed for the aforementioned situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Taheri
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Olfateh
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyedeh Zahra Islami
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
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Ahmadi M, Mozdarani H, Abd-Alla AMM. Comparative toxicity and micronuclei formation in Tribolium castaneum, Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus oryzae exposed to high doses of gamma radiation. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 101:135-40. [PMID: 25898238 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of gamma radiation on mortality and micronucleus formation in Tribolium castaneum Herbst, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) genital cells were evaluated. Two groups of healthy and active adult insects 1-3 and 8-10 days old were irradiated with various doses (50-200 Gy) gamma ray. Seven days post-irradiation; mortality rates and micronucleus formation were assessed in genital cells of the irradiated insects. The results show that with increasing gamma doses, the mortality rate of each species increased and T. castaneum and S. oryzae showed the low and high sensitivity respectively. It was shown that the micronucleus appearance in the tested insects had correlation with amount and intensity of radiation doses. Moreover our results indicate different levels in the genotoxicity of gamma radiation among the insects' genital cells under study. The frequency of micronuclei in genital cells of 1-3 days old insects exposed to 50 and 200 Gy were 12.6 and 38.8 Mn/1000 cells in T. castaneum, 20.8 and 46.8 Mn/1000 cells in C. maculatus and 16.8 and 57.2 Mn/1000 cells in S. oryzae respectively. A high sensitivity of the genital cells to irradiation exposure was seen in S. oryzae correlated with its high mortality rate compared with the other two species. These results might be indicative of inflicting chromosomal damage expressed as micronucleus in high mortality rates observed in the pest population; an indication of genotoxic effects of radiation on the studied species.
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Lee SS, Kim TH, Lee EM, Lee MH, Lee HY, Chung BY. Degradation of cyanidin-3-rutinoside and formation of protocatechuic acid methyl ester in methanol solution by gamma irradiation. Food Chem 2014; 156:312-8. [PMID: 24629974 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are naturally occurring phenolic compounds having broad biological activities including anti-mutagenesis and anti-carcinogenesis. We studied the effects and the degradation mechanisms of the most common type of anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-rutinoside (cya-3-rut), by using gamma ray. Cya-3-rut in methanol (1mg/ml) was exposed to gamma-rays from 1 to 10kGy. We found that the reddish colour of cya-3-rut in methanol disappeared gradually in a dose-dependent manner and effectively disappeared (>97%) at 10kGy of gamma ray. Concomitantly, a new phenolic compound was generated and identified as a protocatechuic acid methyl ester by liquid chromatography, (1)H, and (13)C NMR. The formation of protocatechuic acid methyl ester increased with increasing irradiation and the amount of protocatechuic acid methyl ester formed by decomposition of cya-3-rut (20μg) at 10kGy of gamma ray was 1.95μg. In addition, the radical-scavenging activities were not affected by gamma irradiation.
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Rhee JS, Kim BM, Kim RO, Seo JS, Kim IC, Lee YM, Lee JS. Co-expression of antioxidant enzymes with expression of p53, DNA repair, and heat shock protein genes in the gamma ray-irradiated hermaphroditic fish Kryptolebias marmoratus larvae. Aquat Toxicol 2013; 140-141:58-67. [PMID: 23765029 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To investigate effects of gamma ray irradiation in the hermaphroditic fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus larvae, we checked expression of p53, DNA repair, and heat shock protein genes with several antioxidant enzyme activities by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and biochemical methods in response to different doses of gamma radiation. As a result, the level of gamma radiation-induced DNA damage was initiated after 4Gy of radiation, and biochemical and molecular damage became substantial from 8Gy. In particular, several DNA repair mechanism-related genes were significantly modulated in the 6Gy gamma radiation-exposed fish larvae, suggesting that upregulation of such DNA repair genes was closely associated with cell survival after gamma irradiation. The mRNA expression of p53 and most hsps was also significantly upregulated at high doses of gamma radiation related to cellular damage. This finding indicates that gamma radiation can induce oxidative stress with associated antioxidant enzyme activities, and linked to modulation of the expression of DNA repair-related genes as one of the defense mechanisms against radiation damage. This study provides a better understanding of the molecular mode of action of defense mechanisms upon gamma radiation in fish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Rhee
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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Abstract
The purpose of the present research is to examine whether human hair root cells can be used for dose assessment after in vitro exposure to ionizing radiation. Hair root samples plucked from random head regions were collected from 5 healthy human subjects. Some of these hair samples were used as control and some were irradiated with 0.5-5Gy of gamma ray using a Cs-137 gamma irradiator at a dose rate of 0.14Gy/s. DNA damage (single-strand breaks) was determined in hair root cells of these samples using the comet assay technique. The comet assay parameters, tail length (TL) and tail moment (TM), showed a significant increase (p<.05) in single-strand DNA breaks in hair roots cells of the exposed samples compared to control. A linear dose-effect relationship was observed when tail moment or tail length was plotted against the log of the radiation dose. This research suggests a possible use of human hair root cell DNA damage as a biomarker especially for low dose radiation.
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