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Chan Z, Loescher W, Grumet R. Transcriptional variation in response to salt stress in commonly used Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Plant Physiol Biochem 2013; 73:189-201. [PMID: 24140895 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional variation is increasingly recognized as a component of genetic diversity and environmental adaptation. It can also provide insights into stress responsive determinants and underlying adaptive mechanisms. Prior studies showed phenotypic differences in response to salinity stress for two widely used Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, Wassilewskija-2 (Ws) and Columbia-0 (Col). This study examined changes in global gene expression in relation to differences in response to salt stress among Ws, Col, and the glabrous mutant of Col [Col(gl)]. Transcripts most highly affected by accession and salt stress were related to abiotic or biotic stress responses. Approximately 60% of salt-induced changes in Ws overlapped with changes in Col, suggesting common salt stress responses. However, a markedly greater number of genes was altered in the highly salt sensitive Col, likely reflecting both adaptive responses and salt injury. The Col(gl) transcriptome was least affected by salt. Many salt-responsive transcripts observed in Col were altered in Col(gl) prior to salt stress, indicating that even without salt, the gl1-1 mutation induced a suite of stress responsive genes. Regardless of salt stress, there were greater transcriptomic differences between Col and Col(gl) than between Col and Ws. The transcript expression differences between [Ws vs. Col] and [Col(gl) vs. Col] formed largely non-overlapping sets. Thus, although Ws, Col and Col(gl) are commonly and sometimes interchangeably used, here they displayed distinct responses. Collectively, their observed expression differences likely reflect a combination of adaptive traits, response to injury, or phenotypic buffering of mutational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhulong Chan
- Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, 1066 Bogue Street, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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Magnuson BA, Patterson CA, Hucl P, Newkirk RW, Ram JI, Classen HL. Safety assessment of consumption of glabrous canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.) in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 63:91-103. [PMID: 24200856 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Canary seed is a nutrient-rich cereal grain; however, it has not been used in human food in part due to concerns regarding safety of consumption. Glabrous or hairless canary seed has potential human food use as trichomes are absent. The objective of the oral feeding studies reported here was to assess the safety of yellow and brown glabrous canary seed cultivars as human cereal foods. The first study was a 90-day rat oral toxicity study, which compared the effects of diets containing 50% of either brown dehulled glabrous, brown hulled glabrous, or brown hulled pubescent (hairy) hulled canary seed to a diet containing 50% wheat. No significant adverse effects were observed. In a 28-day and a 90-day study rats were fed yellow or brown glabrous canary seed groats in the AIN-76 diet at concentrations levels of 2.5%, 5% and 10%. The NOAELs in 90-day study were 5.15 g/kg/d and 5.23 g/kg/d for yellow and brown canary seed groats. Consumption of canary seed was associated with reduced incidence and severity of liver lipidosis as compared to controls. The combined results of these studies clearly demonstrate the safety of consumption of glabrous canary seed, and support its use as a human cereal grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Magnuson
- BMagnuson Consulting, Oakville, ON L6J2C8, Canada.
| | - C A Patterson
- The Pathfinders Research & Management Ltd, Saskatoon, SK S7N0S5, Canada
| | - P Hucl
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada
| | - R W Newkirk
- Canadian International Grains Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3C3G7, Canada
| | - J I Ram
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7NA8, Canada
| | - H L Classen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7NA8, Canada
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Angeles-Shim RB, Asano K, Takashi T, Shim J, Kuroha T, Ayano M, Ashikari M. A WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3B gene, depilous (dep), confers glabrousness of rice leaves and glumes. Rice (N Y) 2012; 5:28. [PMID: 27234246 PMCID: PMC5520829 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-5-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glabrousness is an important agricultural trait for the practical breeding of rice. In this study, depilous (dep), the gene responsible for glabrous leaves and glumes of rice was identified by map-based cloning. RESULTS The dep gene encodes a WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3B that was fine-mapped to a 22-kb region on the short arm of chromosome 5 using progenies derived from crosses between Koshihikari (pubescent) and GLSL15, an Oryza glaberrima chromosome segment substitution line (glabrous). Complementation tests confirmed the conditioning of the glabrous phenotype by the dep gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that dep groups with the WOX3 family of plant-specific homeobox transcription factors that are involved in regulating lateral organ development. Localization of dep in the nucleus indicates the function of the gene as a transcription factor. Spatial expression of the gene was observed in the base of young shoots, the leaf sheath, midrib, young roots and nodal structures. CONCLUSION The identification and cloning of dep will not only provide basis for future research on the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying trichome formation in rice but will also aid in breeding programs for the development of glabrous varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn B Angeles-Shim
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Kenji Asano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
- Upland Farming Research Division, NARO Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, 9-4 Shinsei-minami, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido 082-0081 Japan
| | - Tomonori Takashi
- Honda Research Institute Japan, Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba, 292-0818 Japan
| | - Junghyun Shim
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Takeshi Kuroha
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Madoka Ayano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ashikari
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
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