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Cai Z, Liu F, Yang Y, Li D, Hu S, Song L, Yu S, Li T, Liu B, Luo H, Zhang W, Zhou Z, Zhang J. GRB10 regulates β cell mass by inhibiting β cell proliferation and stimulating β cell dedifferentiation. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:208-216. [PMID: 34861413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Decreased functional β-cell mass is the hallmark of diabetes, but the cause of this metabolic defect remains elusive. Here, we show that the expression levels of the growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (GRB10), a negative regulator of insulin and mTORC1 signaling, are markedly induced in islets of diabetic mice and high glucose-treated insulinoma cell line INS-1cells. β-cell-specific knockout of Grb10 in mice increased β-cell mass and improved β-cell function. Grb10-deficient β-cells exhibit enhanced mTORC1 signaling and reduced β-cell dedifferentiation, which could be blocked by rapamycin. On the contrary, Grb10 overexpression induced β-cell dedifferentiation in MIN6 cells. Our study identifies GRB10 as a critical regulator of β-cell dedifferentiation and β-cell mass, which exerts its effect by inhibiting mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fen Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Dandan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shanbiao Hu
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shaojie Yu
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Liver Organ Transplantation, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Bilian Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hairong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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Dent CL, Rienecker KDA, Ward A, Wilkins JF, Humby T, Isles AR. Mice lacking paternal expression of imprinted Grb10 are risk-takers. Genes Brain Behav 2020; 19:e12679. [PMID: 32488937 PMCID: PMC9393934 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The imprinted genes Grb10 and Nesp influence impulsive behavior on a delay discounting task in an opposite manner. A recently developed theory suggests that this pattern of behavior may be representative of predicted effects of imprinted genes on tolerance to risk. Here we examine whether mice lacking paternal expression of Grb10 show abnormal behavior across a number of measures indicative of risk‐taking. Although Grb10+/p mice show no difference from wild type (WT) littermates in their willingness to explore a novel environment, their behavior on an explicit test of risk‐taking, namely the Predator Odor Risk‐Taking task, is indicative of an increased willingness to take risks. Follow‐up tests suggest that this risk‐taking is not simply because of a general decrease in fear, or a general increase in motivation for a food reward, but reflects a change in the trade‐off between cost and reward. These data, coupled with previous work on the impulsive behavior of Grb10+/p mice in the delayed reinforcement task, and taken together with our work on mice lacking maternal Nesp, suggest that maternally and paternally expressed imprinted genes oppositely influence risk‐taking behavior as predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Dent
- Behavioural Genetics Group, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kira D A Rienecker
- Behavioural Genetics Group, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew Ward
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Trevor Humby
- Behavioural Genetics Group, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anthony R Isles
- Behavioural Genetics Group, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Abstract
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (Grb10) is an adaptor protein that binds to the insulin receptor, upon which insulin signaling and action are thought to be inhibited. Grb10 is also a substrate for the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) that mediates its feedback inhibition on phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. To characterize the function of Grb10 and its regulation by mTORC1 in human muscle, primary skeletal muscle cells were isolated from healthy lean young men and then induced to differentiate into myotubes. Knockdown of Grb10 enhanced insulin-induced PI3K/Akt signaling and glucose uptake in myotubes, reinforcing the notion underlying its function as a negative regulator of insulin action in human muscle. The increased insulin responsiveness in Grb10-silenced myotubes was associated with a higher abundance of the insulin receptor. Furthermore, insulin and amino acids independently and additively stimulated phosphorylation of Grb10 at Ser476. However, acute inhibition of mTORC1 with rapamycin blocked Grb10 Ser476 phosphorylation and repressed a negative-feedback loop on PI3K/Akt signaling that increased myotube responsiveness to insulin. Chronic rapamycin treatment reduced Grb10 protein abundance in conjunction with increased insulin receptor protein levels. Based on these findings, we propose that mTORC1 controls PI3K/Akt signaling through modulation of insulin receptor abundance by Grb10. These findings have potential implications for obesity-linked insulin resistance, as well as clinical use of mTORC1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlin M Edick
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivia Auclair
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sergio A Burgos
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Luo L, Jiang W, Liu H, Bu J, Tang P, Du C, Xu Z, Luo H, Liu B, Xiao B, Zhou Z, Liu F. De-silencing Grb10 contributes to acute ER stress-induced steatosis in mouse liver. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:285-297. [PMID: 29555819 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The growth factor receptor bound protein GRB10 is an imprinted gene product and a key negative regulator of the insulin, IGF1 and mTORC1 signaling pathways. GRB10 is highly expressed in mouse fetal liver but almost completely silenced in adult mice, suggesting a potential detrimental role of this protein in adult liver function. Here we show that the Grb10 gene could be reactivated in adult mouse liver by acute endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) such as tunicamycin or a short-term high-fat diet (HFD) challenge, concurrently with increased unfolded protein response (UPR) and hepatosteatosis. Lipogenic gene expression and acute ER stress-induced hepatosteatosis were significantly suppressed in the liver of the liver-specific GRB10 knockout mice, uncovering a key role of Grb10 reactivation in acute ER stress-induced hepatic lipid dysregulation. Mechanically, acute ER stress induces Grb10 reactivation via an ATF4-mediated increase in Grb10 gene transcription. Our study demonstrates for the first time that the silenced Grb10 gene can be reactivated by acute ER stress and its reactivation plays an important role in the early development of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology and the Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South UniversityThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanxiang Jiang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology and the Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South UniversityThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology and the Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South UniversityThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jicheng Bu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology and the Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South UniversityThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chongyangzi Du
- The State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology and the Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South UniversityThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hairong Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology and the Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South UniversityThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bilian Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology and the Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South UniversityThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology and the Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South UniversityThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology and the Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South UniversityThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology and the Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South UniversityThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Dent CL, Humby T, Lewis K, Ward A, Fischer-Colbrie R, Wilkinson LS, Wilkins JF, Isles AR. Impulsive Choice in Mice Lacking Paternal Expression of Grb10 Suggests Intragenomic Conflict in Behavior. Genetics 2018; 209:233-9. [PMID: 29563147 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The imprinted gene Grb10 is expressed in the brain from the paternal copy only. Here, Dent et al. show that paternal Grb10 regulates impulsive choices, i.e. whether an animal chooses a smaller food reward... Imprinted genes are expressed from one parental allele only as a consequence of epigenetic events that take place in the mammalian germ line and are thought to have evolved through intragenomic conflict between parental alleles. We demonstrate, for the first time, oppositional effects of imprinted genes on brain and behavior. Specifically, we show that mice lacking paternal Grb10 make fewer impulsive choices, with no dissociable effects on a separate measure of impulsive action. Taken together with previous work showing that mice lacking maternal Nesp55 make more impulsive choices, this suggests that impulsive choice behavior is a substrate for the action of genomic imprinting. Moreover, the contrasting effect of these two genes suggests that impulsive choices are subject to intragenomic conflict and that maternal and paternal interests pull this behavior in opposite directions. Finally, these data may also indicate that an imbalance in expression of imprinted genes contributes to pathological conditions such as gambling and drug addiction, where impulsive behavior becomes maladaptive.
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García-Palmero I, Pompas-Veganzones N, Villalobo E, Gioria S, Haiech J, Villalobo A. The adaptors Grb10 and Grb14 are calmodulin-binding proteins. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1176-1186. [PMID: 28295264 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We identified the Grb7 family members, Grb10 and Grb14, as Ca2+ -dependent CaM-binding proteins using Ca2+ -dependent CaM-affinity chromatography as we previously did with Grb7. The potential CaM-binding sites were identified and experimentally tested using fluorescent-labeled peptides corresponding to these sites. The apparent affinity constant of these peptides for CaM, and the minimum number of calcium ions bound to CaM that are required for effective binding to these peptides were also determined. We prepared deletion mutants of the three adaptor proteins lacking the identified sites and determined that they lost or strongly diminished their CaM-binding capacity following the sequence Grb7 > > Grb14 > Grb10. More than one CaM-binding site and/or accessory CaM-binding sites appear to exist in Grb10 and Grb14, as compared to a single one present in Grb7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene García-Palmero
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Pompas-Veganzones
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Villalobo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sophie Gioria
- Plate-forme de Chimie Biologique Intégrative de Strasbourg (PCBIS), UMS 3286 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques Haiech
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LIT UMR 7200, France
| | - Antonio Villalobo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Three recent genome-wide studies in mice and humans have produced the most definitive map to date of genomic imprinting (gene expression that depends on parental origin) by incorporating multiple tissue types and developmental stages. Here, we explore the results of these studies in light of the kinship theory of genomic imprinting, which predicts that imprinting evolves due to differential genetic relatedness between maternal and paternal relatives. The studies produce a list of imprinted genes with around 120-180 in mice and ~100 in humans. The studies agree on broad patterns across mice and humans including the complex patterns of imprinted expression at loci like Igf2 and Grb10. We discuss how the kinship theory provides a powerful framework for hypotheses that can explain these patterns. Finally, since imprinting is rare in the genome despite predictions from the kinship theory that it might be common, we discuss evolutionary factors that could favor biallelic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Úbeda
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Jeremy Van Cleve
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Plasschaert RN, Bartolomei MS. Tissue-specific regulation and function of Grb10 during growth and neuronal commitment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6841-7. [PMID: 25368187 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411254111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth-factor receptor bound protein 10 (Grb10) is a signal adapter protein encoded by an imprinted gene that has roles in growth control, cellular proliferation, and insulin signaling. Additionally, Grb10 is critical for the normal behavior of the adult mouse. These functions are paralleled by Grb10's unique tissue-specific imprinted expression; the paternal copy of Grb10 is expressed in a subset of neurons whereas the maternal copy is expressed in most other adult tissues in the mouse. The mechanism that underlies this switch between maternal and paternal expression is still unclear, as is the role for paternally expressed Grb10 in neurons. Here, we review recent work and present complementary data that contribute to the understanding of Grb10 gene regulation and function, with specific emphasis on growth and neuronal development. Additionally, we show that in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into alpha motor neurons recapitulates the switch from maternal to paternal expression observed during neuronal development in vivo. We postulate that this switch in allele-specific expression is related to the functional role of Grb10 in motor neurons and other neuronal tissues.
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Faisal M, Kim H, Kim J. Sexual differences of imprinted genes' expression levels. Gene 2013; 533:434-8. [PMID: 24125951 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, genomic imprinting has evolved as a dosage-controlling mechanism for a subset of genes that play critical roles in their unusual reproduction scheme involving viviparity and placentation. As such, many imprinted genes are highly expressed in sex-specific reproductive organs. In the current study, we sought to test whether imprinted genes are differentially expressed between the two sexes. According to the results, the expression levels of the following genes differ between the two sexes of mice: Peg3, Zim1, Igf2, H19 and Zac1. The expression levels of these imprinted genes are usually greater in males than in females. This bias is most obvious in the developing brains of 14.5-dpc embryos, but also detected in the brains of postnatal-stage mice. However, this sexual bias is not obvious in 10.5-dpc embryos, a developmental stage before the sexual differentiation. Thus, the sexual bias observed in the imprinted genes is most likely attributable by gonadal hormones rather than by sex chromosome complement. Overall, the results indicate that several imprinted genes are sexually different in terms of their expression levels, and further suggest that the transcriptional regulation of these imprinted genes may be influenced by unknown mechanisms associated with sexual differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Lucas-Fernández E, García-Palmero I, Villalobo A. Genomic organization and control of the grb7 gene family. Curr Genomics 2011; 9:60-8. [PMID: 19424485 PMCID: PMC2674303 DOI: 10.2174/138920208783884847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Grb7 and their related family members Grb10 and Grb14 are adaptor proteins, which participate in the functionality of multiple signal transduction pathways under the control of a variety of activated tyrosine kinase receptors and other tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. They are involved in the modulation of important cellular and organismal functions such as cell migration, cell proliferation, apoptosis, gene expression, protein degradation, protein phosphorylation, angiogenesis, embryonic development and metabolic control. In this short review we shall describe the organization of the genes encoding the Grb7 protein family, their transcriptional products and the regulatory mechanisms implicated in the control of their expression. Finally, the alterations found in these genes and the mechanisms affecting their expression under pathological conditions such as cancer, diabetes and some congenital disorders will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lucas-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Arturo Duperier 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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