1
|
Pelters P. The good, the bad and the ugly - a Swedish qualitative interview study about the landscape of meaning-imbued, exercise-related physical pain, as experienced by 'normal' gym-users. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1167. [PMID: 38664787 PMCID: PMC11047003 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gym is a well-known place for health promoting or rehabilitating exercise whose availability to all is regarded significant for people's personal health work and the public's health. In this context, physical pain is usually discussed as something negative that people seek to dispose of. However, certain painful experiences appear to be an appreciated part of the gym experience. To investigate this seemingly contradictory landscape of meaning-imbued physical pain, the study aims to explore the different kinds of physical pain present at the gym and their significance for exercising, as experienced by 'normal' gym-users. METHODS 24 semi-structured in-depth interviews with active, dedicated, reasonably healthy (= normal) adult gym-users have been analyzed using qualitative content analysis from a hermeneutical stance. RESULTS Participants differentiate between three kinds of physical pain: the good pain of enhancement (often connected to muscle soreness and effort burn), the bad pain of impediment (primarily related to acute damage) and the composite, neutral pain of acceptance (potentially linked to all pains). CONCLUSION When pursuing the goal of personal health development, normal gym-users argue that exercising at the gym means to expose yourself to pain and to do so willingly, even longingly. Refusing to share this understanding may diminish people's chances to occupy the gym space and, hence, reduce their chances to promote their health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pelle Pelters
- Department of Education, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jeftic I, Furzer B, Dimmock JA, Wright K, Budden T, Boyd C, Simpson A, Rosenberg M, Sabiston CM, deJonge M, Jackson B. The Stride program: Feasibility and pre-to-post program change of an exercise service for university students experiencing mental distress. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 69:102507. [PMID: 37665942 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Rates of mental illness are disproportionately high for young adult and higher education (e.g., university student) populations. As such, universities and tertiary institutions often devote significant efforts to services and programs that support and treat mental illness and/or mental distress. However, within that portfolio of treatment approaches, structured exercise has been relatively underutilised and greater research attention is needed to develop this evidence base. The Stride program is a structured 12-week exercise service for students experiencing mental distress. We aimed to explore the feasibility of the program and assess pre- and post-program change, through assessments of student health, lifestyle, and wellbeing outcomes. Drawing from feasibility and effectiveness-implementation hybrid design literatures, we conducted a non-randomised feasibility trial of the Stride program. Participants were recruited from the Stride program (N = 114, Mage = 24.21 years). Feasibility results indicated the program was perceived as acceptable and that participants reported positive perceptions of program components, personnel, and sessions. Participants' pre-to-post program change in depressive symptomatology, physical activity levels, mental health-related quality of life, and various behavioural outcomes were found to be desirable. Our results provide support for the feasibility of the Stride program, and more broadly for the delivery and potential effectiveness of structured exercise programs to support university students experiencing mental distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Jeftic
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Bonnie Furzer
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Fremantle Hospital Mental Health Service, South Metropolitan Health Service, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James A Dimmock
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Australia
| | - Kemi Wright
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Timothy Budden
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Conor Boyd
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Aaron Simpson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine M Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa deJonge
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ben Jackson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Back FA, Hino AAF, Bojarski WG, Aurélio JMG, de Castro Moreno CR, Louzada FM. Evening chronotype predicts dropout of physical exercise: a prospective analysis. Sport Sci Health 2023; 19:309-319. [PMID: 35755009 PMCID: PMC9207164 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Eveningness preference to sleep/wake and perform physical/cognitive activities has been associated with worse health outcomes, when compared to morningness preference. Physical activity is one potential mediator that could explain this relationship; however, most of these evidences come from cross-sectional design studies. Our goal was to assess whether chronotype could predict the risk of dropout of physical exercise programs. Methods We followed 153 newly enrolled volunteers at three different gyms, from both sexes, aged between 18 and 65 years, during 12 weeks. The daily frequency of exercises in the programs was objectively measured (gym's electronic turnstiles). Using questionnaires, we collected data of variables related to demographic characteristics, health, physical activity, sleep, anthropometric and chronobiological parameters (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire-MEQ). Two multivariate models were created using Cox regression analysis to test the risk of dropout of physical exercise practice. Both models accounted for age, educational level, civil status, membership plan duration, physical exercise practice frequency during week 1 and chronotype (MEQ score and chronotypes). Results Model 1 results showed that higher MEQ score was associated with a lower chance of quitting the program (HR = 0.98; CI95% 0.95-1.00; p = 0.046). Considering the chronotypes, E-types showed the highest dropout risk compared to that of M-types (HR = 2.22; CI95% 1.09-4.52; p = 0.027). Conclusion Our results suggest that chronotype is another variable to be considered in future studies on promoting PAs in formal environments. Likewise, the practice frequency during week 1 and duration of membership plan also deserve more attention in additional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Augustino Back
- Human Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil ,Physiology, Universidade Federal do Parana Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Curitiba, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Adriano Akira Ferreira Hino
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Pontifícal Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - Wilynson Gomes Bojarski
- Human Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Mazzilli Louzada
- Human Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
García-Arnés JA, García-Casares N. Doping and sports endocrinology: anabolic-androgenic steroids. Rev Clin Esp 2022; 222:612-20. [PMID: 36400345 DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of anabolic steroids affects not only professional athletes but also the general population (bodybuilders, gym clients, and adolescents). In the first case, its use is prohibited and sanctioned by the World Anti-Doping Agency and Olympic committees. For the other users, it is difficult to establish its prevalence since many obtain the products via the internet. The reasons for its use are varied and different forms of use and other types of users have been described. Among the side effects of steroid use, hypogonadism is the most frequent cause for endocrinological consultation. After a general introduction to doping, this review describes the historical background of anabolic-androgenic steroids, their classification, forms of use, physiological effects, adverse effects on different organs and systems, treatment of hypogonadism, as well as detection methods.
Collapse
|
5
|
Martino E, Fisher JP, Wink B, Smith D, Steele J. "Lift Big-Get Big": The Impact of Images of Hyper-Muscular Bodies and Training Information. Res Q Exerc Sport 2021; 92:500-513. [PMID: 32633646 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1752357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: It has been suggested that the media influence beliefs regarding ideal body appearance and drive for muscularity whilst also offering recommendations for achieving this; most commonly heavy load free weight resistance training (RT). However, evidence for media effects are inconsistent in the literature. This study investigated this "lift big-get big" culture and effects of imagery on males' beliefs regarding RT. Method: An online survey was conducted with male participants (N = 110) randomized to different images (hyper-muscular/lean/control) and RT information ("lift big-get big"/"evidence based RT"/control). Results: Descriptive data suggested belief in necessity of heavy loads and free weights was pervasive. There was a small significant effect of condition for multivariate analysis of beliefs regarding RT. Univariate analyses showed significant effects of condition regarding the importance of free weights and heavy loads for strength, and free weights for hypertrophy. Small to moderate effects were found comparing "evidence-based RT" with a hyper-muscular physique to "lift big-get big" conditions with both hyper-muscular and lean physiques, the latter more likely to agree free weights and heavy loads are necessary for strength. A small effect was found comparing "lift big-get big" conditions with both hyper-muscular and lean physiques and the control condition, the former more likely to agree free weights are necessary for hypertrophy. Conclusions: Although hyper-muscular bodies alone did not influence RT beliefs, new information, i.e., "evidence-based RT" combined with a hyper-muscular physique had a small effect. The "lift big-get big" culture is perhaps pervasive enough that most conditions merely reinforced existing beliefs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dave Smith
- Ukactive Research Institute
- Manchester Metropolitan University
| | - James Steele
- Southampton Solent University
- Ukactive Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nikolajsen H, Richardson EV, Sandal LF, Juul-Kristensen B, Troelsen J. Fitness for all: how do non-disabled people respond to inclusive fitness centres? BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:81. [PMID: 34330328 PMCID: PMC8325230 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Representation of people with disabilities in fitness centres is lacking, despite initiatives to promote inclusion mainly in the UK and USA. Success creating these inclusive spaces is mixed and few were crafted taking into account attitudes and biases of non-disabled co-members. Inclusive fitness centres have not gained much attention in Denmark, and the campaign ‘Fitness for All - fitness for people with physical disabilities’ was initiated. The aim of this study was shaped by two key questions; 1) what is the ideal fitness space from the perception of non-disabled fitness users? and 2) how might their dis/ableist attitudes negate inclusion in three future pilot inclusive fitness centres across Denmark? Method Three focus groups involving 5–7 (total n = 18) adult non-disabled participants were conducted. Aged ranged between 19 and 75 years, both men and women were involved, with fitness centre experiences ranging from 0 to 20+ years. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using Malterud’s four-step method of systematic text condensation. Results Of most importance was a pleasant atmosphere which should make them feel welcome and comfortable. Good social relations within the space were also highly valued. Participants welcomed people with physical disabilities but predicted many challenges with an inclusive fitness centre and expressed unconscious ableist attitudes. Conclusion The current study adds essential knowledge regarding how non-disabled people perceive the ideal inclusive fitness centre. A welcoming and inviting atmosphere is essential whereas social skills, ableism, ignorance, and preconceptions are important barriers that may hinder inclusion of participants with disabilities in inclusive fitness centres. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13102-021-00303-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helene Nikolajsen
- Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Health Studies, University College South Denmark, Esbjerg-Haderslev, Denmark.
| | | | - Louise Fleng Sandal
- Research Unit for Physical Activity and Health in Work Life, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birgit Juul-Kristensen
- Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens Troelsen
- Research Unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Blocken B, van Druenen T, van Hooff T, Verstappen P, Marchal T, Marr L. Can indoor sports centers be allowed to re-open during the COVID-19 pandemic based on a certificate of equivalence? Build Environ 2020; 180:107022. [PMID: 32518469 PMCID: PMC7261361 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Within a time span of only a few months, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has managed to spread across the world. This virus can spread by close contact, which includes large droplet spray and inhalation of microscopic droplets, and by indirect contact via contaminated objects. While in most countries, supermarkets have remained open, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, authorities have ordered many other shops, restaurants, bars, music theaters and indoor sports centers to be closed. As part of COVID-19 (semi)lock-down exit strategies, many government authorities are now (May-June 2020) allowing a gradual re-opening, where sometimes indoor sport centers are last in line to be permitted to re-open. This technical note discusses the challenges in safely re-opening these facilities and the measures already suggested by others to partly tackle these challenges. It also elaborates three potential additional measures and based on these additional measures, it suggests the concept of a certificate of equivalence that could allow indoor sports centers with such a certificate to re-open safely and more rapidly. It also attempts to stimulate increased preparedness of indoor sports centers that should allow them to remain open safely during potential next waves of SARS-CoV-2 as well as future pandemics. It is concluded that fighting situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic and limiting economic damage requires increased collaboration and research by virologists, epidemiologists, microbiologists, aerosol scientists, building physicists, building services engineers and sports scientists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Blocken
- Building Physics and Services, Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Building Physics Section, Department of Civil Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, Bus 2447, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Corresponding author. Building Physics and Services, Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - T. van Druenen
- Building Physics and Services, Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - T. van Hooff
- Building Physics and Services, Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Building Physics Section, Department of Civil Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, Bus 2447, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P.A. Verstappen
- Sports Medical Center the Hague, Sweelinckplein 46, 2517 GP, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - T. Marchal
- Ansys Belgium S.A., Centre d'Affaires “Les Collines de Wavre”, Avenue Pasteur 4, 1300, Wavre, Belgium
- Avicenna Alliance for Predictive Medicine ASBL, Rue Guimard 10, 1040, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L.C. Marr
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1145 Perry St. (0246), Durham 411, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aulicino G, Speccher L, Felici J, Gervasi F, Castaldi S. The main critical issues of the gym environment in an Italian city. Ann Ig 2020; 32:285-295. [PMID: 32266366 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2020.2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of a consistent national regulation regarding gym facilities, combined with the growth and transformation of the world of fitness, has led to an uncontrolled situation, where, especially in metropolitan areas, low cost gyms are continuously popping up, often not respecting the structural and hygienic requirements. AIM OF THE STUDY Objective of this study is to evaluate the results of a monitoring programme about the gym environment, to highlight the main critical issues. METHODS In 2018 a randomized sample of 90 gyms was inspected in Milan, using a checklist with three sections of inquiry and the resulting data were analysed through a series of multivariate regression models. RESULTS As per the various aspects analysed, many outcomes with low scores concerned franchised gyms, which have shown to be unsatisfactory in many respects; in addition, the lack of L. pneumophila risk containment procedures has been observed in the facilities without a swimming pool, compared to those with it. CONCLUSIONS The study results offer a clear picture of the gym environment, identifying many inadequacies for different hygienic and safety aspects; therefore, it has been possible to understand which issues need particular attention in order normalize the situation, which should be checked by future investigative steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Aulicino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Post Graduate School in Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - J Felici
- ATS Metropolitan City, Milan, Italy
| | - F Gervasi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Laboratory of Medical Statistics, Biometrics and Epidemiology "G.A. Maccacaro", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Castaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Post Graduate School in Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy - Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kaufman TK, Rundle A, Neckerman KM, Sheehan DM, Lovasi GS, Hirsch JA. Neighborhood Recreation Facilities and Facility Membership Are Jointly Associated with Objectively Measured Physical Activity. J Urban Health 2019; 96:570-582. [PMID: 31037481 PMCID: PMC6677841 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-019-00357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to increase physical activity have traditionally included either individual-level interventions (e.g., educational campaigns) or neighborhood-level interventions (e.g., additional recreational facilities). Little work has addressed the interaction between spatial proximity and individual characteristics related to facility use. We aimed to better understand the synergistic impact of both physical activity environments and recreational facility membership on objectively measured physical activity. Using the New York City Physical Activity and Transit (PAT) survey (n = 644), we evaluated associations between counts of commercial physical activity facilities within 1 km of participants' home addresses with both facility membership and accelerometry-measured physical activity. Individuals living near more facilities were more likely to report membership (adjusted odds ratio for top versus bottom quartile of facility count: 3.77 (95% CI 1.54-9.20). Additionally, while amount of facilities within a neighborhood was associated with more physical activity, this association was stronger for individuals reporting gym membership. Interventions aiming to increase physical activity should consider both neighborhood amenities and potential barriers, including the financial and social barriers of membership. Evaluation of neighborhood opportunities must expand beyond physical presence to consider multiple dimensions of accessibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gina S Lovasi
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, 3600 Market Street 7th Floor Suite, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jana A Hirsch
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, 3600 Market Street 7th Floor Suite, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dalman M, Bhatta S, Nagajothi N, Thapaliya D, Olson H, Naimi HM, Smith TC. Characterizing the molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus across and within fitness facility types. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:69. [PMID: 30658587 PMCID: PMC6339305 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium found in the nose and throat of healthy individuals, and presents risk factors for infection and death. We investigated environmental contamination of fitness facilities with S. aureus in order to determine molecular types and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of contaminates that may be transmitted to facility patrons. METHODS Environmental swabs (n = 288) were obtained from several fitness facilities (n = 16) across Northeast Ohio including cross-fit type facilities (n = 4), traditional iron gyms (n = 4), community center-based facilities (n = 5), and hospital-associated facilities (n = 3). Samples were taken from 18 different surfaces at each facility and were processed within 24 h using typical bacteriological methods. Positive isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and molecular characterization (PVL and mecA PCR, and spa typing). RESULTS The overall prevalence of S. aureus on environmental surfaces in the fitness facilities was 38.2% (110/288). The most commonly colonized surfaces were the weight ball (62.5%), cable driven curl bar, and CrossFit box (62.5%), as well as the weight plates (56.3%) and treadmill handle (50%). Interestingly, the bathroom levers and door handles were the least contaminated surfaces in both male and female restroom facilities (18.8%). Community gyms (40.0%) had the highest contamination prevalence among sampled surfaces with CrossFit (38.9%), traditional gyms (38.9%), and hospital associated (33.3%) contaminated less frequently, though the differences were not significant (p = 0.875). The top spa types found overall were t008 (12.7%), t267 (10.0%), t160, t282, t338 (all at 5.5%), t012 and t442 (4.5%), and t002 (3.6%). t008 and t002 was found in all fitness facility types accept Crossfit, with t267 (25%), t548, t377, t189 (all 10.7%) the top spa types found within crossfit. All samples were resistant to benzylpenicillin, with community centers having significantly more strains resistant to oxacillin (52.8%), erythromycin (47%), clindamycin (36%), and ciprofloxacin (19%). Overall, 36.3% of isolates were multidrug resistant. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study indicates that all facility types were contaminated by S. aureus and MRSA, and that additional studies are needed to characterize the microbiome structure of surfaces at different fitness facility types and the patrons at these facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dalman
- Kent State University, College of Podiatric Medicine, 6000 Rockside Woods Blvd. N, Independence, OH 44131 USA
| | - Sabana Bhatta
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Kent State University, College of Public Health, Kent, OH USA
| | - Nagashreyaa Nagajothi
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Kent State University, College of Public Health, Kent, OH USA
| | - Dipendra Thapaliya
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Kent State University, College of Public Health, Kent, OH USA
| | - Hailee Olson
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Kent State University, College of Public Health, Kent, OH USA
| | - Haji Mohammad Naimi
- Department of Microbiology, Kabul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamal Meena street, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Tara C. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Kent State University, College of Public Health, Kent, OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
A multiple treatment reversal design was used to evaluate the effects of three different antecedent-based interventions on the post-use cleaning of gym equipment. Unidentified students, faculty, staff, and community members participated in this study. An announcement, signs, and signs together with increased accessibility to cleaning materials were evaluated. The highest level of post-use cleaning was observed under the signs plus accessibility condition. These results indicate that the use of antecedent-based interventions may be a viable option for increasing cleaning behavior.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
A 35-year-old female presented to the emergency room with severe upper leg and back pain, which began 3 days after low-intensity cycling and falling from a stationary bike. She developed rhabdomyolysis with a maximum serum creatine kinase level of 72,358 U/L. This case report demonstrates that rhabdomyolysis has a wide range and spectrum of causes and risk factors. Although uncommon, this condition can occur after low-intensity exercise despite absence of other significant risk factors. Thus, clinicians should maintain a high clinical suspicion when initial history, physical examination, and laboratory tests suggest this diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Hu
- Department of Family Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, 161 Hempstead Turnpike, Elmont, NY 11003, USA
| | - David Ng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, 2201 Hempstead Turnpike, East Meadow, NY 11554, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lifestyle may be associated with risk behaviours. This study compares gym exercise and sexual risk behaviour between men who have sex with men (MSM) and heterosexual men. The research was based on the assumption that men who become muscular and physically attractive increase their number of sex partners and consequently their risk of HIV or other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). SETTING Five gyms in central Tel Aviv, Israel. PARTICIPANTS In 2012, a sample of 182 (48%) MSM and 197 (52%) heterosexual men who train in gyms completed anonymous questionnaires regarding their training, health and sexual behaviours. OUTCOMES Participants in this cross-sectional study who exercised more than the median number of anaerobic training hours were defined as performing intensive anaerobic training (IAT), and those who had performed more than one act of unprotected anal/vaginal intercourse in the preceding 6 months with a partner whose HIV status was unknown were defined as high risk. RESULTS MSM showed a stronger desire to become muscular than heterosexual men, were more likely to perform IAT, and used protein powders or anabolic steroids. They reported that improving their body shape and increasing their self-confidence were their main reasons for training, whereas heterosexual men indicated weight loss and health improvement as the main reasons for training. MSM engaged in riskier sexual behaviour than heterosexual men. Of all the high-risk men, 61.9% (N=70) performed IAT, while 38.1% (N=43) performed moderate anaerobic training (p<0.01). The association between IAT and sexual risk was stronger in MSM than in heterosexual men (p<0.01 vs p=0.05, respectively). The interaction between MSM and IAT in high-risk participants was multiplicative. CONCLUSIONS MSM practised more IAT than heterosexual men, and their interaction between IAT and sexual risk was multiplicative. The MSM community could benefit from a holistic approach to sexual health and its association with body image and IAT. The gym MSM culture demonstrates how internal dynamics and social norms are possible factors driving MSM to high-risk behaviour for HIV/STI. STUDY REGISTRATION The study was approved by the Wolfson Hospital Review Board, Holon, Israel (WOMC-0058-09).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Mor
- Ramla Health Department, Ministry of Health, Ramla, Israel
| | - K Parfionov
- Eating Disorders Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ben Gurion University in the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - N Davidovitch
- Department of Health Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Ben Gurion University in the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - I Grotto
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ben Gurion University in the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bianco A, Mammina C, Thomas E, Bellafiore M, Battaglia G, Moro T, Paoli A, Palma A. Protein supplementation and dietary behaviours of resistance trained men and women attending commercial gyms: a comparative study between the city centre and the suburbs of Palermo, Italy. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2014; 11:30. [PMID: 24976800 PMCID: PMC4073191 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is anecdotally recognized that commercial gym users assume supplements in order to improve performance or health. However, dietary behaviours of people and athletes attending commercial gyms have been poorly studied. The exact amount and frequency of dietary supplements consumption are still needed to be investigated. The main purpose of this study is to understand the quantity and quality of food intake, as well as dietary supplementation in people attending commercial gyms. Secondly to compare the city centre and the suburbs of Palermo, Italy. Methods A face-to-face questionnaire was administered to 561 subjects, 207 from the city centre (CC) and 354 from the suburbs (SB) of Palermo, Italy. Frequency of protein supplements use and association with dietary behaviours were investigated. Subsequently, the frequency distribution was used for demographic assessment. Results Frequency of protein consumption was similar in both groups (30% for CC and 28.8% for SB). Males show greater consumption percentages than females (30.5% in males and 6.9% in females). Milk and chicken are the most frequently consumed foods. Data show that non-supplement users (NSU) consume significantly more snacks and bakery products than supplement users (SU) (P < 0.001). While, SU consume significantly higher quantities of vegetables, nuts, fresh fish, eggs and canned tuna (P < 0.001). SU consume less low protein food and higher protein foods than NSU. No differences were found between CC and SB. Conclusions Protein consumption among commercial gym users is 30% for the CC and 28.8% for the SB. Significant differences were found between CC and SB females, underlining an interesting discrepancy, indicating to dietary supplement industries regarding regional implications. Subjects that use protein supplements also consume larger quantities of high protein food compared to NSU. NSU also eat higher proportions of unhealthy food compared to SU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercises Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Eleonora Duse, 2-90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Mammina
- "G. D'Alessandro" Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercises Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Eleonora Duse, 2-90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Bellafiore
- Sport and Exercises Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Eleonora Duse, 2-90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Sport and Exercises Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Eleonora Duse, 2-90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Manzolo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Manzolo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercises Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Eleonora Duse, 2-90146 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|