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Chandna A, Bhagowalia P. Birth order and children's health and learning outcomes in India. Econ Hum Biol 2024; 52:101348. [PMID: 38237431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
India has a high prevalence of stunting among children under five years of age, despite marginal improvement over the years. In 2019-21, 35.5 per cent of children below five years were stunted (National Family Health Survey (NFHS), 2019-21). This has been attributed to several factors including open defecation, poor maternal nutrition and food insecurity. This paper examines if the birth order of children is associated with variation in height among them, using nationally representative data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS 2005 & 2011). The objectives of this paper are to: (i) assess the association of a child's birth order with height (ii) test if the association of birth order with height changes with the degree of son preference (iii) analyse the relationship between birth order and educational outcomes of children. Our results suggest that (i) the height-for-age z score is negatively associated with the birth order of the child (ii) the negative association of birth order with height is stronger for mothers who have a moderate or high degree of son preference, especially when children have an older brother (iii) maternal characteristics such as education could mitigate the negative relationship between birth order and height when son preference is low but not when son preference is high (iv) birth order has a negative association with the reading, writing and mathematical ability of children, especially if the child was stunted in childhood. This indicates that the fertility behaviour of families has both a direct and an indirect impact, which could influence both long term nutrition and education of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjita Chandna
- Centre for International Trade and Development, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Priya Bhagowalia
- Centre for International Trade and Development, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Katiso SW, Kerbo AA, Dake SK. Adolescents' nutritional status and its association with academic performance in South Ethiopia; a facility-based cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:15. [PMID: 33910651 PMCID: PMC8082903 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable stages of life in which malnutrition inhibits academic performance through poor growth and development, mental retardation, poor overall cognitive function and poor health status. However, there is a dearth of evidence regarding the association between nutritional status and academic performance among adolescent students. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association of nutritional status and academic performance among adolescent secondary school students in Wolaita Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 670 systematically selected adolescents in secondary schools of Wolaita Sodo town from April to June 2019. The academic performance of the adolescents was measured using the mean mark score of two consecutive semesters' results of all subjects. Data were analyzed using Stata software Version 15. Descriptive statistics, binary and multiple linear regression analysis were done. Statistical association of dependent and independent variables was declared at p-value < 0.05. RESULTS The mean academic performance of students was 69.21 ± 0.42 (95% CI: 68.34-70.02%). A mean mark score of students increased by 1.89 (β = 1.89; 95%CI: 1.14, 2.64) for a unit increase in BMI for age z-score. Being female decreased a mean mark score by 2.63 (β = - 2.63; 95%CI: - 4.28, - 0.98) and being from a separated parents decreased by 4.73 (β = - 4. 73; 95%CI: - 6.73, - 2.74). A mean mark score of students from the first wealth class decreased by 9.92 (- 9.92; 95%CI: - 12.79, - 7.04) as compared to students from the highest wealth class. Attending private schools increased the mean mark score of students by 4.18 (β = 4.18; 95% CI: 2.46, 5.90). CONCLUSIONS Interventions targeted at adolescents' nutritional status should be designed and implemented. The town education office and concerned bodies should launch a school feeding program for public schools. Development and income generation activities should target households in the first wealth status. Schools are recommended to design additional teaching and learning schemes such as tutorial classes for girl students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selamawit Woldeyohanes Katiso
- Department of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, Wolaita Sodo University, College of Health Science and Medicine, School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Amene Abebe Kerbo
- Department of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, Wolaita Sodo University, College of Health Science and Medicine, School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Samson Kastro Dake
- Department of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, Wolaita Sodo University, College of Health Science and Medicine, School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
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El-Ganzoury MM, El-Farrash RA, Ahmed GF, Hassan SI, Barakat NM. Perioperative nutritional prehabilitation in malnourished children with congenital heart disease: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 2020; 84:111027. [PMID: 33189483 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The poor preoperative nutritional state of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) is often exacerbated postoperatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of perioperative 1- versus 2-wk nutritional prehabilitation programs on growth and surgical outcomes in malnourished children with CHD. METHODS Forty malnourished infants scheduled for elective CHD surgery were randomized to receive either 1 or 2 wk of a nutritional prehabilitation program. Pre- and postoperative anthropometric parameters and feeding characteristics, feeding tolerance, duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) and total hospital LOS were documented. RESULTS The 2-wk prehabilitation group showed higher weight-for-age z-score and body mass index than the 1-wk group both preoperatively postnutritional, and postoperatively with significantly higher weight gain postoperatively. The 2-wk prehabilitation group had a shorter duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, ICU LOS, and total hospital LOS. CONCLUSION The 2-wk prehabilitation program was associated with better anthropometric measurements, shorter ICU LOS postoperatively, and shorter duration of hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. The preoperative nutritional status of children with CHD had a negative effect on ICU LOS and duration of mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rania A El-Farrash
- Pediatrics Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Noha M Barakat
- Pediatrics Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Konstan MW, Pasta DJ, Wagener JS, VanDevanter DR, Morgan WJ. BMI fails to identify poor nutritional status in stunted children with CF. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 16:158-160. [PMID: 27916550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) is currently emphasized for evaluating nutritional status in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Weight for age (WFA) and height for age (HFA) may get less attention. METHODS Data from the Epidemiologic Study of Cystic Fibrosis were used to compare patient WFA, HFA, and BMI percentiles for children age 2 to 18years. RESULTS For children with BMI between the 25th and 50th percentiles, 16.8% had WFA <10th percentile and 26.6% had HFA <10th percentile. CONCLUSIONS BMI fails to identify a substantial proportion of children with CF who have stunting or potentially poor nutritional status as measured by WFA and/or HFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Konstan
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | | | - Jeffrey S Wagener
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Donald R VanDevanter
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Wayne J Morgan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Yang J, Zhu L, Li X, Zheng H, Wang Z, Hao Z, Liu Y. Maternal iodine status during lactation and infant weight and length in Henan Province, China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:383. [PMID: 29145827 PMCID: PMC5689181 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants are very sensitive to iodine deficiency. Breastfed infants are dependent on maternal iodine intake. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between maternal iodine status during lactation and infant weight and length. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate maternal iodine status and infant anthropometric measures in Henan Province, China. Only exclusive breastfeeding mothers and their infants < 6 months of age (n = 747) were included in our final analysis. Urine samples were collected from all the mothers and infants. Infant weight and length were measured and converted into weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) and height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) using the World Health Organization (WHO) AnthroPlus software. RESULTS The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in lactating women was significant lower than that in their infants (177.4 vs 261.1 μg/L, P < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between maternal and infant urinary iodine concentration (r = 0.203, P < 0.01). The mean HAZ and WAZ values were lowest in the infants whose mothers had UIC below 50 μg/L (n = 41). Infant WAZ with maternal UIC below 50 μg/L was significantly lower than those with maternal UIC of 50 μg/L or above (P = 0.043). After adjusting for confounding factors, there were significant differences in infant WAZ between maternal UIC groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that maternal iodine status during lactation may be related to their infant anthropometric index. Appropriate iodine intake of lactating women is beneficial for their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Department for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control of Henan Province, Room 4201, No. 105 Nongye Nan Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450016 China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control of Henan Province, Room 4201, No. 105 Nongye Nan Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450016 China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control of Henan Province, Room 4201, No. 105 Nongye Nan Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450016 China
| | - Heming Zheng
- Department for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control of Henan Province, Room 4201, No. 105 Nongye Nan Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450016 China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control of Henan Province, Room 4201, No. 105 Nongye Nan Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450016 China
| | - Zongyu Hao
- Department for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control of Henan Province, Room 4201, No. 105 Nongye Nan Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450016 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control of Henan Province, Room 4201, No. 105 Nongye Nan Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450016 China
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Naotunna NPGCR, Dayarathna M, Maheshi H, Amarasinghe GS, Kithmini VS, Rathnayaka M, Premachandra L, Premarathna N, Rajasinghe PC, Wijewardana G, Agampodi TC, Agampodi SB. Nutritional status among primary school children in rural Sri Lanka; a public health challenge for a country with high child health standards. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:57. [PMID: 28068960 PMCID: PMC5223320 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-4001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritional status of pre adolescent children is not widely studied in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional status among pre-adolescent school children in a rural province of Sri Lanka. Methods A school based cross sectional study was carried out in North Central Province in 100 rural schools, selected using multi stage cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size. Children in grade one to five were enrolled with a maximum cluster size of fifty. Anthropometric measurements were done by trained data collectors and venesection was done at site by trained nurses. WHO AnthoPlus was used to calculate the BMI, height for age and weight for age Z scores. Survey design adjusted prevalence estimates with linearized standard errors were generated using svy function of STATA. Mean haemoglobin concentration (Hb) was calculated using methaeamoglobin method. Screening for iron deficiency and thalassemia trait was done using peripheral blood films. Results Height and weight measurements were done for 4469 of children and the Hb data was available for 4398 children. Based on the survey design adjusted estimates, prevalence of severe thinness, thinness, overweight and obesity in this population was 8.60% (SE 0.94), 2.91%(SE 0.74), 2.95%(0.26) and 2.43%(SE 0.92) respectively. Similarly, survey design adjusted prevalence of underweight and stunting were, 25.93% (95% CI 24.07–27.89%) and 43.92%(95% CI 40.55–47.56%). Adjusted mean estimates for hemoglobin was 12.20 (95% CI 12.16–12.24) g/dL. Prevalence of anemia was 17.3% (n = 749). Prevalence of mild and moderate anemia was 9.4 and 7.6% respectively. Conclusion This study confirms that malnutrition is still a major problem in North Central Province, Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P G C R Naotunna
- Maternal and Child Health Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - M Dayarathna
- Maternal and Child Health Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - H Maheshi
- Maternal and Child Health Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - G S Amarasinghe
- Maternal and Child Health Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - V S Kithmini
- Maternal and Child Health Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - M Rathnayaka
- Maternal and Child Health Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - L Premachandra
- Maternal and Child Health Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - N Premarathna
- Maternal and Child Health Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - P C Rajasinghe
- Maternal and Child Health Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - G Wijewardana
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - T C Agampodi
- Maternal and Child Health Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - S B Agampodi
- Maternal and Child Health Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka.
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Chattopadhyay A, Bhattacharyya S, Dhar S. A Growth and Nutritional Study of HIV Seropositive Children from West Bengal under Direct Care of Medical Caregivers. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:SC14-6. [PMID: 27437320 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/16996.7889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the nutritional status of HIV seropositive children, aged 2-10 years with age - matched controls and examine the role of nutritional intervention and HRT on their growth indices. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a cross-sectional study done at a HIV Clinic of a teaching hospital. Fifty six seropositive children (age 2-10 year) classified as cases, and 60 seronegative age - matched controls were taken. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics were collected via valid instruments. HIV grading and adherence to HRT were assessed by using validated questionnaires. RESULTS Of the cases majority (87.5%) were infected by vertical transmission from mother to child, the remaining were infected by blood transfusion out of which 1.78% were haemophiliacs and remaining were thalassaemics. The prevalence of underweight among cases was 64.3%, compared to prevalence of 61% among controls. The prevalence of stunting was 44.6% among cases, while the prevalence of severe stunting was 14.3%. The prevalence of wasting among cases was 30.35%, while 7% cases were severely wasted. Only 23.33% controls were wasted. There was a significant difference in the Height- for-age between cases and controls, in the age of 4 years, 5 years and 6 years (p-value <0.05). CONCLUSION There was a significant difference in the Height- for-age between cases and controls, in the age of 4 years, 5 years and 6 years, indicating the need for proper nutritional intervention and timely HIV antiretroviral therapy to prevent stunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Chattopadhyay
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College and Hospital , 88, College Street, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhashis Bhattacharyya
- Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College and Hospital , 88, College Street, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhashish Dhar
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College and Hospital , 88,College Street, Kolkata, India
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