1
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Zhang T, Tang J, Zhang Y, Jin Y, Lin Z, Chen J, Huang J, Mo M. Establishment of a rapid real-time fluorescence-based recombinase-aided amplification method for detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus. J Virol Methods 2024:114955. [PMID: 38768869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly contagious contact respiratory disease of chickens caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). IBV is very prone to mutation, which brings great difficulties to the prevention and control of the disease. Therefore, there is a pressing need for a method that is fast, sensitive, specific, and convenient for detecting IBV. In this study, a real-time fluorescence-based recombinase-aided amplification (RF-RAA) method was established. Primers and probe were designed based on the conserved regions of the IBV M gene and the reaction concentrations were optimized, then the specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility of this assay were tested. The results showed that the RF-RAA method could be completed at 39℃ within 20min, during which the results could be interpreted visually in real-time. The RF-RAA method had good specificity, no cross-reaction with common poultry pathogens, and it detected a minimum concentration of template of 2 copies/μL for IBV. Besides, its reproducibility was stable. A total of 144 clinical samples were tested by RF-RAA and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), 132 samples of which were positive and 12 samples were negative, and the coincidence rate of the two methods was 100%. In conclusion, the developed RF-RAA detection method is rapid, specific, sensitive, reproducible, and convenient, which can be utilized for laboratory detection and clinical diagnosis of IBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoni Zhang
- College o(f) Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Jinwen Tang
- College o(f) Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- College o(f) Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Yinghao Jin
- College o(f) Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Zixue Lin
- College o(f) Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Jiming Chen
- College o(f) Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Jianni Huang
- College o(f) Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Meilan Mo
- College o(f) Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, China.
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2
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Campler MR, Cheng TY, Lee CW, Hofacre CL, Lossie G, Silva GS, El-Gazzar MM, Arruda AG. Investigating the uses of machine learning algorithms to inform risk factor analyses: The example of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in broiler chickens. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105201. [PMID: 38442531 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a contagious coronavirus causing respiratory and urogenital disease in chickens and is responsible for significant economic losses for both the broiler and table egg layer industries. Despite IBV being regularly monitored using standard epidemiologic surveillance practices, knowledge and evidence of risk factors associated with IBV transmission remain limited. The study objective was to compare risk factor modeling outcomes between a traditional stepwise variable selection approach and a machine learning-based random forest Boruta algorithm using routinely collected IBV antibody titer data from broiler flocks. IBV antibody sampling events (n = 1111) from 166 broiler sites between 2016 and 2021 were accessed. Ninety-two geospatial-related and poultry-density variables were obtained using a geographic information system and data sets from publicly available sources. Seventeen and 27 candidate variables were screened to potentially have an association with elevated IBV antibody titers according to the manual selection and machine learning algorithm, respectively. Selected variables from both methods were further investigated by construction of multivariable generalized mixed logistic regression models. Six variables were shortlisted by both screening methods, which included year, distance to urban areas, main roads, landcover, density of layer sites and year, however, final models for both approaches only shared year as an important predictor. Despite limited significance of clinical outcomes, this work showcases the potential of a novel explorative modeling approach in combination with often unutilized resources such as publicly available geospatial data, surveillance health data and machine learning as potential supplementary tools to investigate risk factors related to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R Campler
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ting-Yu Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Diseases, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey Lossie
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gustavo S Silva
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mohamed M El-Gazzar
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, IA 50011, USA
| | - Andréia G Arruda
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA.
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3
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Molenaar RJ, Dijkman R, Jorna I, de Wit JJ. Extensive genetic and biological characterization of infectious bronchitis virus strain D2860 of genotype GVIII. Avian Pathol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38572655 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2338801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains of genotype GVIII have been emerging in Europe in the last decade, but no biological characterization has been reported so far. This paper reports the extensive genetic and biological characterization of IBV strain D2860 of genotype GVIII which was isolated from a Dutch layer flock that showed a drop in egg production. Whole genome sequencing showed that it has a high similarity (95%) to CK/DE/IB80/2016 (commonly known as IB80). Cross-neutralization tests with antigens and serotype-specific antisera of a panel of different non-GVIII genotypes consistently gave less than 2% antigenic cross-relationship with D2860. Five experiments using specified pathogen-free chickens of 0, 4, 29 and 63 weeks of age showed that D2860 was not able to cause clinical signs, drop in egg production, false layers or renal pathology. There was also a distinct lack of ciliostasis at both 5 and 8 days post-inoculation at any age, despite proof of infection by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, RT-PCR and serology. IHC showed immunostaining between 5 and 8 days post inoculation in epithelial cells of sinuses and conchae, while only a few birds displayed immunostaining in the trachea. In vitro comparison of replication of D2860 and M41 in chicken embryo kidney cells at 37°C and at 41°C indicated that D2860 might have a degree of temperature sensitivity that might cause it to prefer the colder parts of the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - I Jorna
- Royal GD, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - J J de Wit
- Royal GD, Deventer, the Netherlands
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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4
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Xu G, Deng Y, Li Y, Zuo Z, Li D, Ma S. S2 subunit plays a critical role in pathogenesis of TW-like avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:110010. [PMID: 38306768 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the critical role of the S gene in determining pathogenesis of TW-like avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), we generated two recombinant IBVs (rGDaGD-S1 and rGDaGD-S2) by replacing either the S1 or S2 region of GD strain with the corresponding regions from an attenuated vaccine candidate aGD strain. The virulence and pathogenicity of these recombinant viruses was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicated the mutations in the S2 region led to decreased virulence, as evidenced by reduced virus replication in embryonated chicken eggs and chicken embryonic kidney cells as well as observed clinical symptoms, gross lesions, microscopic lesions, tracheal ciliary activity, and viral distribution in SPF chickens challenged with recombinant IBVs. These findings highlight that the S2 subunit is a key determinant of TW-like IBV pathogenicity. Our study established a foundation for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying IBV virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Yuping Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Yang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Zonghui Zuo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Daowen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Shuhui Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China.
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5
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Xia T, Xu S, Li X, Ruan W. Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus Beaudette strain NSP9 interacts with STAT1 and inhibits its phosphorylation to facilitate viral replication. Virology 2024; 590:109944. [PMID: 38141500 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Avian coronavirus, known as infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is the causative agent of infectious bronchitis (IB). Viral nonstructural proteins play important roles in viral replication and immune modulation. IBV NSP9 is a component of the RNA replication complex for viral replication. In this study, we uncovered a function of NSP9 in immune regulation. First, the host proteins that interacted with NSP9 were screened. The immune-related protein signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was identified and the interaction between NSP9 and STAT1 was further confirmed. Furthermore, IBV replication was inhibited in STAT1-overexpressing cells but inversely affected in STAT1 knock-down cells. Importantly, NSP9 inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation. Finally, the expression of JAK/STAT pathway downstream genes IRF7 and ISG20 was significantly decreased in NSP9-overexpressing cells. These results showed the important role of IBV NSP9 in immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shengkui Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenke Ruan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
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6
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Hou C, Ni R, Zhao L, Tian M, Long X, Lei C, Wang H, Yang X. Recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus expressing spike protein protects chickens against infectious bronchitis virus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128105. [PMID: 37981286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), resulting in significant economic losses in the global poultry industry. In this study, we utilized a replication-incompetent adenovirus vector derived from chimpanzees for the first time to express the S gene of IBV. The adenovirus was successfully rescued and demonstrated convenient production, good growth performance, and stability on HEK293 A cells. Morphologically, the recombinant adenovirus (named PAD-S) appeared normal under transmission electron microscopy, and efficient expression of the exogenous gene was confirmed through immunofluorescence analysis and immunoblotting. Administration of PAD-S via ocular and nasal routes induced a strong immune response in the chicken population, as evidenced by specific antibody and cytokine measurements. PAD-S was unable to replicate within chickens and showed low pre-existing immunity, demonstrating high safety and environmental friendliness. The robust immune response triggered by PAD-S immunization effectively suppressed viral replication in various tissues, alleviating clinical symptoms and tissue damage, thus providing complete protection against viral challenges in the chicken population. In conclusion, this study successfully developed an IBV candidate vaccine strain that possesses biosafety, high protective efficacy, and ease of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Ni
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelin Long
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Xu J, Yin P, Liu X, Hou X. Forsythoside A inhibits apoptosis and autophagy induced by infectious bronchitis virus through regulation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0192123. [PMID: 37971265 PMCID: PMC10715169 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01921-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an acute and highly infectious viral disease that seriously endangered the development of the chicken industry. However, due to the limited effectiveness of commercial vaccines, there is an urgent need to develop safe and effective anti-IBV drugs. Forsythoside A (FTA) is a natural ingredient with wide pharmacological and biological activities, and it has been shown to have antiviral effects against IBV. However, the antiviral mechanism of FTA is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that FTA can inhibit cell apoptosis and autophagy induced by IBV infection by regulating the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. This finding is important for exploring the role and mechanism of FTA in anti-IBV infection, indicating that FTA can be further studied as an anti-IBV drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewei Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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8
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Yan K, Wang X, Liu Z, Bo Z, Zhang C, Guo M, Zhang X, Wu Y. QX-type infectious bronchitis virus infection in roosters can seriously injure the reproductive system and cause sex hormone secretion disorder. Virulence 2023; 14:2185380. [PMID: 36883685 PMCID: PMC10012921 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2185380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, QX-type avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has rapidly spread worldwide and become the most prevalent dominant genotype in Asia and Europe. Currently, although the pathogenicity of QX-type IBV in the reproductive system of hens is widely and deeply understood, its pathogenicity in the reproductive system of roosters remains largely unknown. In this study, 30-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) roosters were used to investigate the pathogenicity of QX-type IBV in the reproductive system after infection. The results showed that QX-type IBV infection caused abnormal testicular morphology, moderate atrophy and obvious dilatation of seminiferous tubules, and produced intense inflammation and obvious pathological injuries in the ductus deferens of infected chickens. Immunohistochemistry results showed that QX-type IBV can replicate in spermatogenic cells at various stages and in the mucous layer of the ductus deferens. Further studies showed that QX-type IBV infection affects plasma levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone as well as causes changes in transcription levels of their receptors in the testis. Furthermore, the transcription levels of StAR, P450scc, 3βHSD and 17βHSD4 also changed during testosterone synthesis after QX-type IBV infection, indicating that the virus can directly affect steroidogenesis. Finally, we found that QX-type IBV infection leads to extensive germ cell apoptosis in the testis. Collectively, our results suggest that QX-type IBV replicates in the testis and ductus deferens, causing severe tissue damage and disruption of reproductive hormone secretion. These adverse events eventually lead to mass germ cell apoptosis in the testis, affecting the reproductive function of roosters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuling Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zifan Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongyi Bo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory of Agricultural and Agri-product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjiao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory of Agricultural and Agri-product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Najimudeen SM, Abd-Elsalam RM, Ranaweera HA, Isham IM, Hassan MSH, Farooq M, Abdul-Careem MF. Replication of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Delmarva (DMV)/1639 variant in primary and secondary lymphoid organs leads to immunosuppression in chickens. Virology 2023; 587:109852. [PMID: 37531823 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) that primarily causes respiratory infection in chickens, disseminate to multiple body systems leading to pathology, results in economic losses to poultry industry. IBV replicates in the bursa of Fabricius (BF), Harderian gland (HG), cecal tonsils (CT), and spleen. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunosuppressive effect of IBV Delmarva (DMV/1639) variant in chickens. Specific pathogen free chickens were infected with the IBV DMV/1639 variant while maintaining an age-matched uninfected control group. At predetermined time points, subsets of the infected and control chickens were observed for changes in body weights and pathological changes. The histopathological lesions were observed in the CT and BF, with minimal lesions in the thymus and spleen. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators suggested immunomodulation by IBV, favoring viral replication. Further studies are warranted to observe the functional impact of the IBV DMV/1639 variant's replication in immune organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnas M Najimudeen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Reham M Abd-Elsalam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hiruni A Ranaweera
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ishara M Isham
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mohamed S H Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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10
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Chacón JL, Chacón RD, Sánchez-Llatas CJ, Morín JG, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Antigenic and molecular characterization of isolates of the Brazilian genotype BR-I (GI-11) of infectious bronchitis virus supports its recognition as BR-I serotype. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:323-338. [PMID: 37477586 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2228725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The antigenic and molecular characteristics of BR-I infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) isolated from Brazil are reported. IBVs isolated from commercial flocks with different clinical manifestations between 2003 and 2019 were submitted to antigenic and molecular characterization. The complete S1 glycoprotein gene of 11 field isolates was amplified and sequenced. The virus neutralization (VN) test showed 94.75% neutralization with a BR-I isolate and 30% or less against other worldwide reference strains. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses revealed 84.3-100% and 83.5-100% identity among them, respectively. The identity values ranged from 57.1 to 82.6% for nucleotides and from 46.6-84.4% for amino acids compared with those of other genotypes. By phylogenetic tree analysis, the Brazilian isolates were branched into the BR-I genotype (lineage GI-11), which was differentiated from foreign reference strains. Selective pressure analyses of BR-I IBVs revealed evolution under purifying selection (negative pressure) for the complete S1 gene but four specific sites (87, 121, 279, and 542) under diversifying selection (positive pressure). Profiles of cleavage sites and potential N-glycosylation sites differed from those of other genotypes. The low molecular relationship among the Brazilian viruses and foreign serotypes was concordant with the VN test results. The low antigenic relatedness (ranging from 5.3-30% between Brazilian genotype BR-I and reference IBV serotypes of North America, Europe, and Asia) indicates that the BR-I genotype is a different serotype, referred to for the first time and hereafter as serotype BR-I. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSStrains of the BR-I genotype presented robust antigenic and molecular similarity.BR-I strains evolved under purifying selection mode (negative pressure).The BR-I genotype originated in Brazil and dispersed to other countries.BR-I genotype viruses can be referred to as the BR-I serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Chacón
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruy D Chacón
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian J Sánchez-Llatas
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime G Morín
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claudete S Astolfi-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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EL-Nahass ES, Abdelhamid MK, Ali A, Shalaby AA, Shaalan M. Pathological assessment and tissue tropism of two different Egyptian infectious bronchitis strains. Virusdisease 2023; 34:410-420. [PMID: 37780904 PMCID: PMC10533428 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis is one of the most common viral infections in chickens affecting all ages. The tropism of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains became broader and more variable posing major implications for the effective control of IBV infection. In this study, two IBV viruses representing classic and variant strains were inoculated intranasally into day-old SPF chicks (105 EID50/0.2 ml/bird). Clinical signs were observed for 15 days post-infection (DPI). Five chicks from each group were euthanized at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 DPI for histopathology and virus antigen detection by IHC and quantitative rRT-PCR. Results revealed that both classic and variant IBV strains induced mild clinical signs with no mortalities and fewer various histopathological lesions in infected SPF chickens. Although the viruses were detected by rRT-PCR up to 12 DPI, the affected tissues showed regeneration after 10 DPI with IHC revealing no IBV antigen. In summary, no differences were found in the behaviour of both IBV isolates in chickens. The broad tissue tropism for both IBV strains as indicated by viral antigen detection in various organs with no clinical or gross lesion suggest that the main cause of death in IBV infection under field conditions occurs as a result of complication with secondary infections rather single IBV infection. Due to positive immunostaining in the bursa, it is thought that IBV infection has immunosuppressive consequences, hence further study is required to validate this impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Shaymaa EL-Nahass
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kamal Abdelhamid
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt
| | - Adel A. Shalaby
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shaalan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211 Egypt
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12
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Huang M, Liu Y, Xia Y, Wang J, Zheng X, Cao Y. Infectious bronchitis virus nucleocapsid protein suppressed type I interferon production by interfering with the binding of MDA5-dsRNA and interacting with LGP2. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109798. [PMID: 37307767 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN-I) is a critical component of the innate immune responses, and Coronaviruses (CoVs) from both the Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus genera interfere with the IFN-I signaling pathway in various ways. Of the gammacoronaviruses that mainly infect birds, little is known about how infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), evades or interferes with the innate immune responses in avian hosts since few IBV strains have been adapted to grow in avian passage cells. Previously, we reported that a highly pathogenic IBV strain GD17/04 has adaptability in an avian cell line, providing a material basis for further study on the interaction mechanism. In the present work, we describe the suppression of IBV to IFN-I and the potential role of IBV-encoded nucleocapsid (N) protein. We show that IBV significantly inhibits the poly I: C-induced IFN-I production, accordingly the nuclear translocation of STAT1, and the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). A detailed analysis revealed that N protein, acting as an IFN-I antagonist, significantly impedes the activation of the IFN-β promoter stimulated by MDA5 and LGP2 but does not counteract its activation by MAVS, TBK1, and IRF7. Further results showed that IBV N protein, verified to be an RNA-binding protein, interferes with MDA5 recognizing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Moreover, we found that the N protein targets LGP2, which is required in the chicken IFN-I signaling pathway. Taken together, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanism by which IBV evades avian innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Huang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongbo Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xuewei Zheng
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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13
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Wang C, Hou B. A pathogenic and recombinant infectious bronchitis virus variant (CK/CH/GX/202109) with multiorgan tropism. Vet Res 2023; 54:54. [PMID: 37400928 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite vaccine use, novel strains and variants of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) have emerged continuously, leading to economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. This study aimed to characterize the IBV isolate CK/CH/GX/202109 from three yellow broilers in Guangxi, China. Recombination was shown to have occurred in regions of the 1ab gene. Compared to the whole genome of ck/CH/LGX/130530, which is genotypically related to tl/CH/LDT3-03, the 202109 strain had 21 mutations. The pathological assessment showed that this variant caused 30% and 40% mortality in 1-day-old chicks infected with oral and ocular inoculum, respectively. Nephritis, enlarged proventriculus, inflammation of the gizzard, and atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius were also observed at both 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Viral loads in the trachea, proventriculus, gizzard, kidney, bursa, and cloacal swabs were higher at 7 dpi than at 14 dpi. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that this virus exhibited multiple organ tropisms capable of infecting the trachea, proventriculus, gizzard, kidney, bursa, ileum, jejunum, and rectum. Almost none of the 1-day-old infected chicks seroconverted until 14 dpi. While the virus was found in the ileum, jejunum, and rectum in the 28-day-old ocular group, the majority of 28-day-old infected chickens seroconverted at 10 dpi. These study findings demonstrate that recombination events and mutations during the evolution of IBV may greatly alter tissue tropism and emphasize the need for the continued surveillance of novel strains and variants in order to control this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian Province, China
| | - Bo Hou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian Province, China.
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14
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Hong SM, Kim SJ, An SH, Kim J, Ha EJ, Kim H, Kwon HJ, Choi KS. Receptor binding motif surrounding sites in the spike 1 protein of infectious bronchitis virus have high susceptibility to mutation related to selective pressure. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e51. [PMID: 37532296 PMCID: PMC10404704 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, various genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) have co-circulated and in Korea, GI-15 and GI-19 lineages were prevailing. The spike protein, particularly S1 subunit, is responsible for receptor binding, contains hypervariable regions and is also responsible for the emerging of novel variants. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the putative major amino acid substitutions for the variants in GI-19. METHODS The S1 sequence data of IBV isolated from 1986 to 2021 in Korea (n = 188) were analyzed. Sequence alignments were carried out using Multiple alignment using Fast Fourier Transform of Geneious prime. The phylogenetic tree was generated using MEGA-11 (ver. 11.0.10) and Bayesian analysis was performed by BEAST v1.10.4. Selective pressure was analyzed via online server Datamonkey. Highlights and visualization of putative critical amino acid were conducted by using PyMol software (version 2.3). RESULTS Most (93.5%) belonged to the GI-19 lineage in Korea, and the GI-19 lineage was further divided into seven subgroups: KM91-like (Clade A and B), K40/09-like, QX-like (I-IV). Positive selection was identified at nine and six residues in S1 for KM91-like and QX-like IBVs, respectively. In addition, several positive selection sites of S1-NTD were indicated to have mutations at common locations even when new clades were generated. They were all located on the lateral surface of the quaternary structure of the S1 subunits in close proximity to the receptor-binding motif (RBM), putative RBM motif and neutralizing antigenic sites in S1. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest RBM surrounding sites in the S1 subunit of IBV are highly susceptible to mutation by selective pressure during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Hong
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Rsearch Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung-Ji Kim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Se-Hee An
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Jiye Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Ha
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Howon Kim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Kwon
- BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Rsearch Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Laboratory of Poultry Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center (FACTRC), GBST, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Kang-Seuk Choi
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Rsearch Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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15
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Yang H, Tu K, Zhao Y, Sun L, Zhao J, Zhang G. Development of SYBR green RT-qPCR assay for titrating bivalent live infectious bronchitis vaccines. J Virol Methods 2023; 313:114675. [PMID: 36592741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious viral disease of chickens caused by IB virus (IBV) that can cause substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. IBV variant infections have been continuously reported since the initial description in the 1930s. QX-like IBVs are the predominant circulating genotype globally. A homologous QX vaccine has superior protection efficacy compared with that of other available vaccines, and the combination of Massachusetts (Mass)-like and QX-like strains is being used to combat QX-like IBV infections. Inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs is the standard method for the titration of IBV, and the titer is expressed as 50% egg infectious dose (EID50). However, this method cannot effectively distinguish or quantify different genotypic strains in a mixture of different viruses, especially in the absence of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was applied using specific primers for the QX- and Mass-like strains to quantitate IBV infection and for comparison with the conventional virus titration quantitative method. A strong positive correlation was observed between RT-qPCR cycle threshold values and the different EID50 concentrations. This method was further used to titrate bivalent IB vaccines, and the amount of individual genotype virus was determined based on specific primers. Thus, this RT-qPCR assay may be used as a highly specific, sensitive, and rapid alternative to the EID50 assay for titering IBVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kaihang Tu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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16
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Jiang Y, Xue M, Tang M, Zhang D, Yu Y, Zhou S. Adaptation of the infectious bronchitis virus H120 vaccine strain to Vero cell lines. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109709. [PMID: 36870205 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has restricted cell and tissue tropism. IBVs, except the Beaudette strain, can infect and replicate in chicken embryos, primary chicken embryo kidneys, and primary chicken kidney cells, only. The limited viral cell tropism of IBV substantially hinders in vitro cell-based research on pathogenic mechanisms and vaccine development. Herein, the parental H120 vaccine strain was serially passaged for five generations in chicken embryos, 20 passages in CK cells and 80 passages in Vero cells. This passaging yielded a Vero cell-adapted strain designated HV80. To further understand viral evolution, serial assessments of infection, replication, and transmission in Vero cells were performed for the viruses obtained every tenth passage. The ability to form syncytia and the replication efficiency significantly after the 50th passage (strain HV50). HV80 also displayed tropism extension to DF-1, BHK-21, HEK-293 T, and HeLa cells. Whole genome sequencing of viruses from every tenth generation revealed a total of 19 amino acid point mutations in the viral genome by passage 80, nine of which occurred in the S gene. The second furin cleavage site appeared in viral evolution and may be associated with cell tropism extension of HV80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 225125, China; Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225009, China
| | - Mei Xue
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 225125, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Mengjun Tang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 225125, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 225125, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 225125, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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17
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Vermeulen CJ, Dijkman R, de Wit JJS, Bosch BJ, Heesterbeek JAPH, van Schaik G. Genetic analysis of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in vaccinated poultry populations over a period of 10 years. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:157-167. [PMID: 36745131 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2177140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an avian pathogen from the Coronavirus family causing major health issues in poultry flocks worldwide. Because of its negative impact on health, performance, and bird welfare, commercial poultry are routinely vaccinated by administering live attenuated virus. However, field strains are capable of rapid adaptation and may evade vaccine-induced immunity. We set out to describe dynamics within and between lineages and assess potential escape from vaccine-induced immunity. We investigated a large nucleotide sequence database of over 1700 partial sequences of the S1 spike protein gene collected from clinical samples of Dutch chickens submitted to the laboratory of Royal GD between 2011 and 2020. Relative frequencies of the two major lineages GI-13 (793B) and GI-19 (QX) did not change in the investigated period, but we found a succession of distinct GI-19 sublineages. Analysis of dN/dS ratio over all sequences demonstrated episodic diversifying selection acting on multiple sites, some of which overlap predicted N-glycosylation motifs. We assessed several measures that would indicate divergence from vaccine strains, both in the overall database and in the two major lineages. However, the frequency of vaccine-homologous lineages did not decrease, no increase in genetic variation with time was detected, and the sequences did not grow more divergent from vaccine sequences in the examined time window. Concluding, our results show sublineage turnover within the GI-19 lineage and we demonstrate episodic diversifying selection acting on the partial sequence, but we cannot confirm nor rule out escape from vaccine-induced immunity.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSSuccession of GI-19 IBV variants in broiler populations.IBV lineages overrepresented in either broiler, or layer production chickens.Ongoing episodic selection at the IBV S1 spike protein gene sequence.Several positively selected codons coincident with N-glycosylation motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J Vermeulen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Royal GD (GD Animal Health), Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Dijkman
- Royal GD (GD Animal Health), Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - J J Sjaak de Wit
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Royal GD (GD Animal Health), Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Berend-Jan Bosch
- Virology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J A P Hans Heesterbeek
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerdien van Schaik
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Royal GD (GD Animal Health), Deventer, The Netherlands
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18
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Li SY, Shen YX, Xiang XL, Li YX, Li NL, Wang AD, Cui M, Han XF, Huang Y, Xia J. The conserved L1089 in the S2 subunit of avian infectious bronchitis virus determines viral kidney tropism by disrupting virus-cell fusion. Vet Microbiol 2023; 277:109619. [PMID: 36525909 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The virulence of avian gamma-coronavirus infectious bronchitis viruses (IBV) for the kidney has led to high mortality in dominant-genotype isolations, but the key sites of viral protein that determine kidney tropism are still not fully clear. In this study, the amino acid sequences of the S2 subunit of IBVs with opposing adaptivity to chicken embryonic kidney cells (CEKs) were aligned to identify putative sites associated with differences in viral adaptability. The S2 gene and the putative sites of the non-adapted CN strain were introduced into the CEKs-adapted SczyC30 strain to rescue seven mutants. Analysis of growth characteristics showed that the replacement of the entire S2 subunit and the L1089I substitution in the S2 subunit entirely abolished the proliferation of recombinant IBV in CEKs as well as in primary chicken oviduct epithelial cells. Pathogenicity assays also support the decisive role of this L1089 for viral nephrotropism, and this non-nephrotropic L1089I substitution significantly attenuates pathogenicity. Analysis of the putative cause of proliferation inhibition in CEKs suggests that the L1089I substitution affects neither virus attachment nor endocytosis, but instead fails to form double-membrane vesicles to initiate the viral replication and translation. Position 1089 of the IBV S2 subunit is conservative and predicted to lie in heptad repeat 2 domains. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that the L1089I substitution alters the nephrotropism of parent strain by affecting virus-cell fusion. These findings provide crucial insights into the adaptive mechanisms of IBV and have applications in the development of vaccines and drugs against IB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Xi Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Xue-Lian Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Yong-Xin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Nian-Ling Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - An-Dong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Min Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Xin-Feng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
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19
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Zhao L, Li Y, Yi W, Yan K, Yang C, Radhakrishnan S, Li R, Tan R, Fan G, Dai M, Liu M, Shao N. The clinical and bioinformatics analysis for the role of antihypertension drugs on mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4727-4734. [PMID: 35656698 PMCID: PMC9347732 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidities such as hypertension could exacerbate symptoms of coronaviral disease 2019 (COVID)-19 infection. Patients with hypertension may receive both anti-COVID-19 and antihypertension therapies when infected with COVID-19. However, it is not clear how different classes of anti-hypertension drugs impact the outcome of COVID-19 treatment. Herein, we explore the association between the inpatient use of different classes of anti-hypertension drugs and mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19. We totally collected data from 278 patients with hypertension diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to hospitals in Wuhan from February 1 to April 1, 2020. A retrospective study was conducted and single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of treatment-related genes was performed. The results showed that Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and calcium channel blocker (CCB) drugs significantly increased the survival rate but the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/β-block/diuretic drugs did not affect the mortality caused by COVID-19. Based on the analysis of four public data sets of single-cell RNA-Seq on COVID-19 patients, we concluded that JUN, LST1 genes may play a role in the effect of ARB on COVID-19-related mortality, whereas CALM1 gene may contribute to the effect of CCB on COVID-19-related mortality. Our results provide guidance on the selection of antihypertension drugs for hypertensive patients infected with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipa, MacauChina
| | - Yusi Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipa, MacauChina
| | - Wenjuan Yi
- Department of DermatologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Kuo Yan
- Institute of Cell and NeurobiologyCharité Medical UniversityBerlinGermany
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sridhar Radhakrishnan
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Ruirong Tan
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine SciencesChengduChina
| | - Gang Fan
- Department of UrologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Mengyuan Dai
- Department of Gynecological OncologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ning‐Yi Shao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipa, MacauChina,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision OncologyUniversity of MacauTaipa, Macau SARChina
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Abo-El-Yazid ZH, Ahmed OK, El-Tholoth M, Ali MAS. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Cyperus rotundus L. extract as a potential antiviral agent against infectious laryngotracheitis and infectious bronchitis viruses in chickens. Chem Biol Technol Agric 2022; 9:55. [PMID: 37520583 PMCID: PMC9372957 DOI: 10.1186/s40538-022-00325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) and infectious bronchitis (IB) are two common respiratory diseases of poultry that inflict great economic burden on the poultry industry. Developing an effective agent against both viruses is a crucial step to decrease the economic losses. Therefore, for the first time green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Cyperus rotundus L. aqueous extract was evaluated in vitro as a potential antiviral against both viruses. Results Silver nanoparticles from Cyperus rotundus were characterized by the spherical shape, 11-19 nm size, and zeta potential of - 6.04 mV. The maximum nontoxic concentration (MNTC) was 50 µg mL-1 for both viruses without harmful toxicity impact. The study suggested that some of the compounds in C. rotundus extract (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and naringenin) or its silver nanoparticles could interact with the external envelope proteins of both viruses, and inhibiting extracellular viruses. Conclusions The results highlight that C. rotundus green synthesized silver nanoparticles could have antiviral activity against infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Osama Konsowa Ahmed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Tholoth
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
- Health Sciences Division, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain Men’s Campus, 17155 Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Tang X, Qi J, Sun L, Zhao J, Zhang G, Zhao Y. Pathological effect of different avian infectious bronchitis virus strains on the bursa of Fabricius of chickens. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:339-348. [PMID: 35404721 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2063710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). As well as the typical clinical respiratory symptoms, such as dyspnoea and tracheal rales, QX genotype strains can also cause damage to the urinary system and reproductive system. Our previous studies found that chickens infected with QX-type IBV also displayed damage to the bursa of Fabricius. To investigate the effects of different genotypes of IBV on the bursa of Fabricius, we challenged one-week-old SPF chickens with Mass, QX and TW genotype IBV strains and compared the clinical symptoms, gross lesions, histopathological damage, viral loads and expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1ß, IFN-α, ß, γ and TNF-α). The results showed that all three strains caused tissue damage, while significant temporal variations in the viral loads of the different infected groups were detected. IBV infection seriously interfered with the natural immune response mediated by inflammatory cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-ß, IL-6 and IFN-γ) in chickens. Our results suggested that IBV has potential immunological implications for chickens that may lead to poor production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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22
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Zhang X, Yan K, Zhang C, Guo M, Chen S, Liao K, Bo Z, Cao Y, Wu Y. Pathogenicity comparison between QX-type and Mass-type infectious bronchitis virus to different segments of the oviducts in laying phase. Virol J 2022; 19:62. [PMID: 35392927 PMCID: PMC8991805 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The QX-type infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has become the predominant genotype worldwide in recent years and has caused serious economic losses to the chicken industry. The most significant feature of QX IBV is that its infection in the early growing stage can cause abnormal oviduct development, resulting in a high proportion of ‘false layers’ in poultry flocks of laying hens and breeders. However, few studies have evaluated whether infections of QX-type IBV in laying stages can also cause severe pathological changes in the oviduct.
Methods In this study, 300-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were infected either with the QX-type strain QXL or Massachusetts (Mass)-type strain M41 to compare their pathogenicity on different segments of the oviduct. Results Both the QXL and M41 strains successfully replicated in all segments of the oviduct; however, the QXL strain was more highly distributed in mucosal layer and caused severe lesions in the lamina propria, including interstitial dilation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and distinct expansion of tubular glands. Moreover, the QXL strain induced high expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic molecules in the majority of segments in the oviduct. Further research found that the QXL strain may affected the formation of shell membranes and eggshells by inhibiting the expression of type I collagen and CaBP-D28k. Conclusions Our results indicate that the QX-type IBV is more pathogenic than Mass-type IBV to oviduct in laying phase. Collectively, these findings provide detailed information on the pathological changes in different segments of the oviduct in laying phase, which could offer a better understanding about the pathogenicity of IBV. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01788-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Yan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjiao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuqin Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Liao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongyi Bo
- The International Joint Research Laboratory of Agricultural and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongzhong Cao
- The International Joint Research Laboratory of Agricultural and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,The International Joint Research Laboratory of Agricultural and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Zhang Y, Li XY, Zhang BS, Ren LN, Lu YP, Tang JW, Lv D, Yong L, Lin LT, Lin ZX, Mo Q, Mo ML. In vivo antiviral effect of plant essential oils against avian infectious bronchitis virus. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:90. [PMID: 35255906 PMCID: PMC8899001 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) leads to huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. The high levels of mutations of IBV render vaccines partially protective. Therefore, it is urgent to explore an effective antiviral drug or agent. The present study aimed to investigate the in vivo anti-IBV activity of a mixture of plant essential oils (PEO) of cinnamaldehyde (CA) and glycerol monolaurate (GML), designated as Jin-Jing-Zi. Results The antiviral effects were evaluated by clinical signs, viral loads, immune organ indices, antibody levels, and cytokine levels. The infection rates in the PEO-M (middle dose) and PEO-H (high dose) groups were significantly lower than those in the prevention, positive drug, and PEO-L (low dose) groups. The cure rates in the PEO-M and PEO-H groups were significantly higher than those in the prevention, positive drug, and PEO-L groups, and the PEO-M group had the highest cure rate of 92.31%. The symptom scores and IBV mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced in the PEO-M group. PEO significantly improved the immune organ indices and IBV-specific antibody titers of infected chickens. The anti-inflammatory factor levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in the PEO-M group maintained high concentrations for a long time. The IL-6 levels in the PEO-M group were lower than those in prevention, positive drug, and PEO-L groups. Conclusion The PEO had remarkable inhibition against IBV and the PEO acts by inhibiting virus multiplication and promoting immune function, suggesting that the PEO has great potential as a novel anti-IBV agent for inhibiting IBV infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03183-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Bing-Sha Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Li-Na Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yan-Peng Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jin-Wen Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Di Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lu Yong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Li-Ting Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zi-Xue Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qin Mo
- Guangzhou Nasheng Biological Co., Ltd, Guangdong, 510650, China
| | - Mei-Lan Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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24
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de Wit JJS, Herdt PD, Cook JKA, Andreopoulou M, Jorna I, Koopman HCR. The inactivated Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) vaccine used as booster in layer hens influences the breadth of protection against challenge with IBV variants. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:244-256. [PMID: 35137663 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2040731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS IBV vaccination is essential as an aid in protecting laying hens against IBV infectionLive priming is a beneficial part of the IBV vaccination programmeIBV inactivated vaccine improves IBV protectionHeterologous IBV protection is confirmed in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Sjaak de Wit
- Royal GD, Deventer, the Netherlands.,Department of Farm Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter De Herdt
- MSD Animal Health Belgium, Lynx Binnenhof 5, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jane K A Cook
- 138, Hartford Road, Huntingdon, Cambs., United Kingdom
| | | | | | - H C Rik Koopman
- MSD Animal Health/Intervet International BV, Boxmeer, 5831 AN Netherlands
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25
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Lublin A, Katz C, Gruzdev N, Yadid I, Bloch I, Farnoushi Y, Simanov L, Berkowitz A, Elyahu D, Pitcovski J, Shahar E. Protection against avian coronavirus conferred by oral vaccination with live bacteria secreting LTB-fused viral proteins. Vaccine 2022; 40:726-733. [PMID: 34998606 PMCID: PMC8717763 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The devastating impact of infectious bronchitis (IB) triggered by the IB virus (IBV), on poultry farms is generally curbed by livestock vaccination with live attenuated or inactivated vaccines. Yet, this approach is challenged by continuously emerging variants and by time limitations of vaccine preparation techniques. This work describes the design and evaluation of an anti-IBV vaccine comprised of E. coli expressing and secreting viral spike 1 subunit (S1) and nucleocapsid N-terminus and C-terminus polypeptides fused to heat-labile enterotoxin B (LTB) (LS1, LNN, LNC, respectively). Following chicken oral vaccination, anti-IBV IgY levels and cellular-mediated immunity as well as protection against virulent IBV challenge, were evaluated 14 days following the booster dose. Oral vaccination induced IgY levels that exceeded those measured following vaccination with each component separately. Following exposure to inactivated IBV, splenocytes isolated from chicks orally vaccinated with LNN or LNC -expressing bacteria, showed a higher percentage of CD8+ cells as compared to splenocytes isolated from chicks vaccinated with wild type or LTB-secreting E. coli and to chicks subcutaneously vaccinated. Significant reduction in viral load and percent of shedders in the vaccinated chicks was evident starting 3 days following challenge with 107.5 EID50/ml virulent IBV. Taken together, orally delivered LTB-fused IBV polypeptide-expressing bacteria induced virus-specific IgY antibody production and was associated with significantly shorter viral shedding on challenge with a live IBV. The proposed vaccine design and delivery route promise an effective and rapidly adaptable means of protecting poultry farms from devastating IB outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishai Lublin
- The Department of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute,
Israel
| | - Chen Katz
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona,
Israel
| | - Nady Gruzdev
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona,
Israel
| | - Itamar Yadid
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona,
Israel,Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Itai Bloch
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona,
Israel
| | - Yigal Farnoushi
- The Department of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute,
Israel
| | - Luba Simanov
- The Department of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute,
Israel
| | - Asaf Berkowitz
- The Department of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute,
Israel
| | - Dalia Elyahu
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona,
Israel
| | - Jacob Pitcovski
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona,
Israel,Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Ehud Shahar
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona,
Israel,Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel,Corresponding author at: MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee,
Kiryat Shmona, Israel
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26
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Junnu S, Pohuang T. Molecular investigation of S2-3a/3b-E-M-4b/4c-5a/5b-N gene of QX-like and variant genotype infectious bronchitis virus isolated in Thailand reveals a distinct E gene. Infect Genet Evol 2022; 97:105157. [PMID: 34826625 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The QX-like infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and variant genotype have been discovered worldwide including Thailand. In order to know the origin of QX-like and variant genotype IBV in Thailand, the genetic analysis on multiple genes was investigated. Seven IBVs including four QX-like and three variant genotype were randomly selected from IBVs isolated in Thailand during 2008 and 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of the S2-3a/3b-E-M-4b/4c-5a/5b-N gene showed that Thai QX-like and variant genotype IBV were grouped together in a separate branch from other IBV strains. The isolated IBVs shared nucleotide identities of 96-99.9% with each other. They exhibited a high level of similarity (93.8%) with KM91 strain in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis of the S2 and 3a/3b gene showed a relationship to KM91 strain. The E gene was distinct from other IBV strains. The M, 4a/4b and 5a/5b gene were closely related to Massachusetts type. The N gene was classified into two groups which were a group of unique to Thailand (variant genotype) and a relationship with Massachusetts type (QX-like). Recombination analysis identified the occurrence of recombination events in the genome of viruses. These findings demonstrated that the QX-like IBV and variant genotype isolates in Thailand were the recombinant viruses. Thai QX-like IBV had a genetic relationship with KM91 strain, Massachusetts type and unknown IBV whereas variant genotype had a genetic relationship with Thai QX-like IBV and Connecticut strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucheeva Junnu
- Research Group for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals and Zoonotic Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tawatchai Pohuang
- Research Group for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals and Zoonotic Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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27
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Ghobadian Diali H, Hosseini H, Fallah Mehrabadi MH, Yahyaraeyat R, Ghalyanchilangeroudi A. Evaluation of viral load and expression level of apoptotic genes in selected tissues of two hybrids of commercial broiler chickens challenged with infectious bronchitis virus: a comparative study. Iran J Vet Res 2022; 23:18-23. [PMID: 35782359 PMCID: PMC9238929 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2021.35894.5261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes severe economic losses worldwide. IBV has a broad tissue distribution with different viral loads in different tissues. Additionally, IBV can induce apoptosis in infected cells. AIMS The present study aimed to evaluate the role of the genetic background of chickens in viral load and the expression level of apoptotic genes in different tissues of two hybrids of commercial broiler chickens (Ross 308 and Cobb 500) challenged with IBV. METHODS Chickens at 21 days of age were nasally challenged with 200 μL of allantoic fluid containing 104 EID50/ml of Iranian variant-2-like IBV (IS/1494). The expression level of apoptotic genes (Fas, FasL, Bax, and Bcl-2) in the tracheal and renal tissues and the amount of viral load in the tracheal, renal, and cloacal swab samples were investigated two, five, and seven days after IBV infection by RT-qPCR assay. RESULTS The amount of viral load and apoptotic the expression level of apoptotic genes in the tracheal (two and five days after infection) and renal samples (seven days after infection) were significantly higher in the Ross challenged group than in the Cobb challenged group.Furthermore, no difference was observed in the cloaca viral load on sampling days. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report that evaluated the role of the chickens' genetic background in the amount of viral load and the expression level of apoptotic genes against IBV. Further studies are needed to investigate the pathogenic characteristics of IBV in Ross 308 and Cobb 500 chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Ghobadian Diali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - H. Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - M. H. Fallah Mehrabadi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - R. Yahyaraeyat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Ghalyanchilangeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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M Najimudeen S, Barboza-Solis C, Ali A, Buharideen SM, M Isham I, Hassan MSH, Ojkic D, Van Marle G, Cork SC, van der Meer F, Boulianne M, Abdul-Careem MF. Pathogenesis and host responses in lungs and kidneys following Canadian 4/91 infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection in chickens. Virology 2021; 566:75-88. [PMID: 34890893 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) 4/91 was one of the common IBV variants isolated in Eastern Canada between 2013 and 2017 from chicken flocks showing severe respiratory and production problems. We designed an in vivo experiment, using specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens, to study the pathogenesis of, and host response to, Canadian (CAN) 4/91 IBV infection. At one week of age, the chickens were infected with 4/91 IBV/Ck/Can/17-038913 isolate. Swab samples were collected at predetermined time points. Five birds from the infected and the control groups were euthanized at 3, 7- and 10-days post-infection (dpi) to collect lung and kidney tissues. The results indicate IBV replication in these tissues at all three time points with prominent histological lesions, significant immune cell recruitment and up regulation of proinflammatory mediators. Overall, our findings add to the understanding of the pathogenesis of 4/91 infection and the subsequent host responses in the lungs and kidneys following experimental infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnas M Najimudeen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Catalina Barboza-Solis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Pathology, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62521, Egypt
| | - Sabrina M Buharideen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ishara M Isham
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mohamed S H Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Davor Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Guido Van Marle
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Susan C Cork
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Frank van der Meer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Martine Boulianne
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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29
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Li S, Chen W, Shen Y, Xia J, Fan S, Li N, Luo Y, Han X, Cui M, Zhao Y, Huang Y. Molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus in Southwestern China for the protective efficacy evaluation of four live vaccine strains. Vaccine 2021; 40:255-265. [PMID: 34865877 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The high mutation rate of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses a significant threat to the protective efficacy of vaccines. This study aimed at analyzing the S1 genes of IBV field strains isolated in Southwestern China from 2018 to 2020, assessing the pathogenicity of four dominating strains, and evaluating the protective efficacy of four commercial vaccine strains against the endemic representative strains. Thirty-two field strains of IBV were isolated in Southwestern China from 2018 to 2020. Phylogenetic analysis of their S1 genes revealed the nucleotide homology ranged from 64.6% to 100%, and belonged to five genotypes [GI-19 (QX, 53.13%), GI-28 (LDT3-A,15.63%), GI-7 (TW, 12.50%), GI-1 (Mass, 6.23%), GVI-1 (TC07-2, 6.25%)], and two variant groups [variant-3 (3.13%) and variant-5 (3.13%)]. Recombination events between field and vaccine strains or between field strains were identified in the S1 genes of eight IBV field strains. The CK/CH/YNKM/191128 and CK/CH/CQBS/191203 strains of GI-19 showed morbidity rates of 66.7% and 73.7%, respectively, and mortality rates of 13.3% and 33.3%, respectively. Besides, the CK/CH/SCYC/191030 and CK/CH/GZGY/191021 strains of GI-28 caused morbidity rates of 60% and 86.7%, respectively, and mortality rates of 33.3%. The protective efficacy of the four commercial live vaccine strains (4/91, FNO-E55, LDT3-A, and QXL87) ranged from 70% - 100% and reduced tissue lesions against CK/CH/GZGY/191021 and CK/CH/CQBS/191203 strains. LDT3-A strain was the most effective one but still could not completely prohibit IBV shedding. These findings provide a reference for IBV molecular evolution analysis and control of IB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yuxi Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shunyi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Nianning Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yuwen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Min Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Sichuan Dekon Food and Agriculture Group Co., Ltd, 32 First Section of Lingang Road, Shuangliu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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AboElkhair MA, Hasan ME, Mousa A, Moharam I, Sultan H, Malik Y, Sakr MA. In-silico evidence for enhancement of avian influenza virus H9N2 virulence by modulation of its hemagglutinin (HA) antigen function and stability during co-infection with infectious bronchitis virus in chickens. Virusdisease 2021; 32:548-558. [PMID: 34631979 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, frequent incidences of avian influenza (AI) H9N2 outbreaks have caused high mortality in poultry farms resulting in colossal economic losses in several countries. In Egypt, the co-infection of H9N2 with the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has been observed extensively during these outbreaks. However, the pathogenicity of H9N2 in these outbreaks remained controversial. The current study reports isolation and characterization of the H9N2 virus recovered from a concurrent IBV infected broiler chicken flock in Egypt during 2011. The genomic RNA was subjected to RT-PCR amplification followed by sequencing and analysis. The deduced amino acid sequences of the eight segments of the current study H9N2 isolate were compared with those of Egyptian H9N2 viruses isolated from healthy and diseased chicken flocks from 2011 to 2013. In the phylogenetic analysis, the current study isolate was found to be closely related to the other Egyptian H9N2 viruses. Notably, no particular molecular characteristic difference was noticed among all the Egyptian H9N2 isolates from apparently healthy, diseased or co-infected with IBV chicken flocks. Nevertheless, in-silico analysis, we noted modulation of stability and motifs structure of Hemagglutinin (HA) antigen among the co-infecting H9N2 AI and the IBV and isolates from the diseased flocks. The findings suggest that the putative factor for enhancement of the H9N2 pathogenicity could be co-infection with other respiratory pathogens such as IBV that might change the HA stability and function. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-021-00688-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A AboElkhair
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Monufia Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Hasan
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Monufia Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Monufia Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Moharam
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Monufia Egypt
| | - Hesham Sultan
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Monufia Egypt
| | - Yashpal Malik
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Moustafa A Sakr
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Monufia Egypt
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Tucciarone CM, Franzo G, Legnardi M, Fortin A, Valastro V, Lazzaro E, Terregino C, Cecchinato M. Effect of assay choice, viral concentration and operator interpretation on infectious bronchitis virus detection and characterization. Avian Pathol 2021; 50:357-365. [PMID: 34313501 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1959897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the efforts to achieve a consistent classification scheme based on the complete S1 gene, the genetic characterization of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is often performed on partial S1 regions due to economic and time constraints in the diagnostic routine. Sanger sequencing remains the most common and cost-effective option even if the analysis of samples where multiple field and vaccine strain populations coexist can lead to partial or misleading results. The present study aimed to evaluate the different diagnostic outcomes of three commonly used RT-PCR methods targeting two regions of the S1 gene. A possible bias in IBV detection and characterization was investigated in relation to the adopted method, the strain concentration as well as their ratio in mixed samples. Thirty samples were prepared by artificially mixing two vaccine strains, combined at different ratios and selected among four different IBV lineages, i.e. GI-1 (Mass), GI-13 (793/B), GI-19 (QX), GI-23 (Israeli Variant 2). Sequence analysis was conducted both manually and with bioinformatic methods. The result agreement among methods, replicates and analysis approaches was statistically evaluated. Consistent results emerged among the three assays, with a few discrepancies likely caused by primer affinity and target amount. This study confirms the complexity of IBV strain identification and highlights the importance of evaluating and updating the available diagnostic assays for a reliable detection of all circulating IBV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Matteo Legnardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Andrea Fortin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Viviana Valastro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Elena Lazzaro
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Calogero Terregino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro PD, Italy
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Tomar P, Joshi VG, Mahajan NK, Jindal N. Multiple antigenic peptide-based flow through dot-blot assay for simultaneous antibody detection of infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus. Biologicals 2021; 73:24-30. [PMID: 34389244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the development of a novel affordable and rapid visual dot-blot assay using synthetic multiple antigenic peptides (MAP) for simultaneous detection of antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Antibody detection efficiencies of MAP peptides namely, NP1 MAP (Nucleoprotein IBV) and HN MAP (Haemagglutinin-neuraminidase NDV) were studied in solid-phase indirect peptide ELISA. In comparison with the commercial kit, the NP1 MAP showed 89.20% diagnostic sensitivity (DSn) and 85.90% diagnostic specificity (DSp) at 19.45% ROC cut-off. Similarly, HN MAP was evaluated and showed 89.70% DSn and 92.90% DSp at 19.90 % ROC cut-off. The peptides after evaluating their ELISA performance were further used to device a flow-through dot-blot assay (FT-DBA) for simultaneous detection of IBV and NDV antibodies. The kappa value for IBV by FT-DBA in comparison to commercial ELISA was 0.64 whereas for NDV, FT-DBA gave a kappa value of 0.68 in comparison to commercial ELISA indicating substantial agreement between the assays. In essence, the divergent MAP based diagnostic design could provide an alternative for antibody detection of IBV and NDV. Further, the FT-DBA approach could be used for low cost, rapid and pen-side detection of IBV and NDV antibodies simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Tomar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - N K Mahajan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India.
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Legnardi M, Baranyay H, Simon C, Molnár J, Bijlsma T, Cecchinato M, Gáspárdy A, Bersényi A, Tucciarone CM, Franzo G, Kőrösi L. Infectious Bronchitis Hatchery Vaccination: Comparison between Traditional Spray Administration and a Newly Developed Gel Delivery System in Field Conditions. Vet Sci 2021; 8:145. [PMID: 34437467 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8080145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of infectious bronchitis (IB) is essential in intensive broiler production and is pursued through strict biosecurity and mass vaccination. Despite effective and routinely adopted, hatchery spray vaccination has been hypothesized to affect chicks’ body temperature and wellbeing. Recently, gel administration has been proposed as an alternative and proved feasible in experimental settings. In this study, IBV spray and gel vaccination methods were compared in field conditions. One hundred birds from the same hatch were enrolled in the study and vaccinated, half by spray and half by gel, with 793B and Mass vaccines. After vaccination, rectal temperature was measured and vaccine intake assessed. The two groups were housed for 35 days in separate pens and swabs and blood samples were collected at multiple time points for genotype-specific molecular analyses and serology, respectively. The temperature was significantly lower in spray-vaccinated chicks 10 min and an hour after administration. A similar trend in 793B titres was observed in both groups, while the Mass vaccine was detected later but persisted longer in gel-vaccinated chicks. No differences were observed in mean antibody titres. Compared to spray, gel administration appears equally effective and less impactful on body temperature, thus supporting its application for IBV vaccination.
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Sun L, Tang X, Qi J, Zhang C, Zhao J, Zhang G, Zhao Y. Two newly isolated GVI lineage infectious bronchitis viruses in China show unique molecular and pathogenicity characteristics. Infect Genet Evol 2021; 94:105006. [PMID: 34293479 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
During 2016 to 2020, GVI-1 type infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains were sporadically reported across China, indicating a new epidemic trend of the virus. Here we investigated the molecular characteristics and pathogenicity of two newly isolated GVI-1 type IBV virus strains (CK/CH/TJ1904 and CK/CH/NP2011) from infected chicken farms in China. Genetic evolution analysis of the S1 gene showed the highest homology with the GVI-1 representative strain, TC07-2. Phylogenetic analysis and recombination analysis of the virus genomes indicated that newly isolated strains in China may be independently derived from recombination events that occurred between GI-19 and GI-22 strains and early GVI-1 viruses. Interestingly, unlike the deduced parental GI-19 or GI-22 strains, CK/CH/TJ1904 and CK/CH/NP2011 showed affinity for the trachea rather than the kidney and were less pathogenic. This difference may be because of recombination events that occurred during the long co-existence of the GVI-1 viruses with prevalent GI-19 and GI-22 strains. Considering the new trend, it is very important to permanently monitor circulating strains and to develop new vaccines to counteract emerging new-type IBVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Hegang Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Hegang 154106, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Han Z, Xu X, Li H, Zhang L, Hou Y, Liu S. Replication and vaccine protection of multiple infectious bronchitis virus strains in pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Infect Genet Evol 2021; 93:104980. [PMID: 34182190 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain M41, which is pathogenic for chickens, is nonpathogenic for pheasants. However, M41 replicated in the respiratory tracts of most inoculated pheasants and the virus was shed from their respiratory tracts in the early stages of infection (4 and 8 dpc). Similarly, the attenuated IBV H120 vaccine strain also replicated and the virus was shed from their respiratory tracts of most inoculated pheasants, whereas the pheasant coronavirus (PhCoV) I0623/17 replicated in the respiratory tracts of all challenged pheasants, which then shed virus for a long period of time. Strain M41 also replicated in selected tissues of the inoculated pheasants, including the lung, kidney, proventriculus, and cecal tonsil, although the viral titers were very low. Therefore, it was important to establish whether the H120 vaccine, which has a limited replication capacity in pheasants, induces a protective immune response to both "homologous" M41 and "heterologous" I0623/17 challenge. Vaccination with H120 induced humoral responses, and the replication of M41 was reduced or restricted in the tissues of the H120-vaccinated pheasants compared with its replication in unvaccinated birds. This implies that partial protection was conferred on pheasants by vaccination with the H120 vaccine. Prolonged viral replication and a large number of birds shedding virus into the respiratory tract were also observed in the unvaccinated pheasants after inoculation with M41. However, only limited protection against challenge with PhCoV I0623/17 was conferred on pheasants vaccinated with H120, largely because the replication of H120 in pheasants was limited, thus, limiting the immune responses induced by it. The low amino acid identity of the S1 subunit of the S proteins of H120 and I0623/17 might also account, at least in part, for the poor cross-protective immunity induced by H120. These results suggest that further work is required to rationally design vaccines that confer effective protection against PhCoV infection in commercial pheasant stocks.
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Weerts EAWS, Matthijs MGR, Bonhof J, van Haarlem DA, Dwars RM, Gröne A, Verheije MH, Jansen CA. The contribution of the immune response to enhanced colibacillosis upon preceding viral respiratory infection in broiler chicken in a dual infection model. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 238:110276. [PMID: 34126552 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Colibacillosis in chickens caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is known to be aggravated by preceding infections with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV). The mechanism behind these virus-induced predispositions for secondary bacterial infections is poorly understood. Here we set out to investigate the immunopathogenesis of enhanced respiratory colibacillosis after preceding infections with these three viruses. Broilers were inoculated intratracheally with APEC six days after oculonasal and intratracheal inoculation with IBV, NDV, aMPV or buffered saline. After euthanasia at 1 and 8 days post infection (dpi) with APEC, birds were macroscopically examined and tissue samples were taken from the trachea, lungs and air sacs. In none of the groups differences in body weight were observed during the course of infection. Macroscopic lesion scoring revealed most severe tissue changes after NDV-APEC and IBV-APEC infection. Histologically, persistent tracheitis was detected in all virus-APEC groups, but not after APEC-only infection. In the lungs, mostly APEC-associated transient pneumonia was observed. Severe and persistent airsacculitis was present after NDV-APEC and IBV-APEC infection. Bacterial antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry only at 1 dpi APEC, predominantly in NDV-APEC- and IBV-APEC-infected lungs. Higher numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes persisted over time in NDV-APEC- and IBV-APEC-infected tracheas, as did CD4+ lymphocytes in NBV-APEC- and IBV-APEC-infected air sacs. KUL01+ cells, which include monocytes and macrophages, and TCRγδ+ lymphocytes were observed mostly in lung tissue in all infected groups with transient higher numbers of KUL01+ cells over time and higher numbers of TCRγδ+ lymphocytes mainly at 8 dpi. qPCR analysis revealed mostly trends of transient higher levels of IL-6 and IFNγ mRNA in lung tissue after IBV-APEC and also NDV-APEC infection and persistent higher levels of IL-6 mRNA after aMPV-APEC infection. In spleens, transient higher levels of IL-17 mRNA and more persistent higher levels of IL-6 mRNA were observed after all co-infections. No changes in IL-10 mRNA expression were seen. These results demonstrate a major impact of dual infections with respiratory viruses and APEC, compared to a single infection with APEC, on the chicken respiratory tract and suggest that immunopathogenesis contributes to lesion persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A W S Weerts
- Division of Pathology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Mieke G R Matthijs
- Division of Farm Animal Health, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Josette Bonhof
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne A van Haarlem
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R Marius Dwars
- Division of Farm Animal Health, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Gröne
- Division of Pathology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Hélène Verheije
- Division of Pathology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christine A Jansen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Manswr B, Ball C, Forrester A, Chantrey J, Ganapathy K. Host immune response to infectious bronchitis virus Q1 in two commercial broiler chicken lines. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:587-94. [PMID: 33892367 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus (Gammacoronavirus) strain Q1 in two commercial broiler chicken lines, and the host immune response to infection. Chicks from each line were grouped into either infected or control. Following Q1 infection at day-old, fast (Line-A) and slow (Line-B) growing chicks were monitored for clinical signs and body weights. At 3, 7, 9, 14, 21 and 28 days post infection (dpi), five birds were humanely euthanised, and trachea, kidney and proventriculus tissues were collected for quantitative RT-PCR and histopathology. Blood was collected weekly to determine IBV-specific ELISA antibody titres. Q1 infection significantly reduced the body weights of Line-A chicks at 14 and 21 dpi, but there were no significant differences in Line-B. Through qRT-PCR, significantly higher viral loads were found in the trachea, proventriculus and kidney tissues of Line-A chicks at 7-9 dpi. At day-old and at 28 dpi, the mean antibody titre in Line-B was notably higher than Line-A. Significant IFN-α mRNA expression was noted in the trachea and kidneys of Line-A, whereas no change occurred in Line-B. Chicks in Line-B, compared to those in Line-A, demonstrated a tissue-dependent increase of IFN-β, TLR3, IL-1β and IL-6 and LITAF gene transcription responses to IBV Q1. It appears that the level of maternal antibodies, growth rates, and other inherent host genetic factors could have influenced the differences in viral loads and immune responses.
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Franzo G, Tucciarone CM, Legnardi M, Cecchinato M. Effect of genome composition and codon bias on infectious bronchitis virus evolution and adaptation to target tissues. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:244. [PMID: 33827429 PMCID: PMC8025453 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is one of the most relevant viruses affecting the poultry industry, and several studies have investigated the factors involved in its biological cycle and evolution. However, very few of those studies focused on the effect of genome composition and the codon bias of different IBV proteins, despite the remarkable increase in available complete genomes. In the present study, all IBV complete genomes were downloaded (n = 383), and several statistics representative of genome composition and codon bias were calculated for each protein-coding sequence, including but not limited to, the nucleotide odds ratio, relative synonymous codon usage and effective number of codons. Additionally, viral codon usage was compared to host codon usage based on a collection of highly expressed genes in IBV target and nontarget tissues. Results The results obtained demonstrated a significant difference among structural, non-structural and accessory proteins, especially regarding dinucleotide composition, which appears under strong selective forces. In particular, some dinucleotide pairs, such as CpG, a probable target of the host innate immune response, are underrepresented in genes coding for pp1a, pp1ab, S and N. Although genome composition and dinucleotide bias appear to affect codon usage, additional selective forces may act directly on codon bias. Variability in relative synonymous codon usage and effective number of codons was found for different proteins, with structural proteins and polyproteins being more adapted to the codon bias of host target tissues. In contrast, accessory proteins had a more biased codon usage (i.e., lower number of preferred codons), which might contribute to the regulation of their expression level and timing throughout the cell cycle. Conclusions The present study confirms the existence of selective forces acting directly on the genome and not only indirectly through phenotype selection. This evidence might help understanding IBV biology and in developing attenuated strains without affecting the protein phenotype and therefore immunogenicity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07559-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Franzo
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16 - 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16 - 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Legnardi
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16 - 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16 - 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
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Miyaoka Y, Kabir MH, Hasan MA, Yamaguchi M, Shoham D, Murakami H, Takehara K. Virucidal activity of slightly acidic hypochlorous acid water toward influenza virus and coronavirus with tests simulating practical usage. Virus Res 2021; 297:198383. [PMID: 33705798 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Slightly acidic hypochlorous acid waters (SAHWs) with pH of 5.2-5.8 containing different concentrations of free available chlorine - 62, 119, 220, 300, and 540 ppm (SAHW-62, -119, -220, -300, and -540, respectively) - were evaluated for their virucidal activity toward a low pathogenic H7N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) and an infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in suspension, abiotic carrier, and direct spray tests, with the presence of organic materials. In the carrier test, the dropping and wiping techniques were performed toward viruses on carriers. In the suspension test, SAHW-62 could decrease the viral titer of both AIV and IBV by more than 1000 times within 30 s. With the dropping technique, IBV on carriers showed high resistance to SAHW, while AIV on plastic carrier was inactivated to an effective level (≧3 log virus reduction) within 1 min. With the wiping technique, SAHW-62 could inactivate both AIV and IBV on wiped plastic carriers to an effective level within 30 s. However, SAHW-220 could not inactivate IBV in the wiping rayon sheet to an effective level. In the direct spray test, sprayed SAHW-300 within 10 min, and SAHW-540 within 20 min, inactivated AIV and IBV on the rayon sheets to undetectable level, respectively. Our study indicates that the usage of wipes with SAHW could remove viruses from plastic carriers, while viruses remained in the wipes. Besides, a small volume of sprayed SAHW was effective against the viruses on the rayon sheets for daily cleaning in the application area. The findings we obtained concerning IBV might basically be applicable in relation to SARS-CoV-2, given the resemblance between the two viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miyaoka
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Md Humayun Kabir
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Md Amirul Hasan
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makiko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Dany Shoham
- Bar-Ilan University, Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Harumi Murakami
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takehara
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Munuswamy P, Ramakrishnan S, Latheef SK, Kappala D, Mariappan AK, Kaore M, Anbazhagan K, Puvvala B, Singh KP, Dhama K. First description of natural concomitant infection of avian nephritis virus and infectious bronchitis virus reveals exacerbated inflammatory response and renal damage in broiler chicks. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104830. [PMID: 33691178 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe the first report on spontaneous Avian Nephritis Virus (ANV) and Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) concurrent infection in broiler chicks. On necropsy, the kidneys were found swollen with its parenchyma and ureters stuffed with urate flakes. Histopathologically, the renal tubular damage and inflammatory response were severe in concurrently infected birds compared to the cases infected only with ANV, which had direct correlation with significantly (p < 0.001) increased expression of IL-1 β, IL-4, IL-12, IL-13, iNOS and IFN-γ transcripts in the kidneys of concurrently infected birds. Relative decrease in IFN-β transcript levels in the concurrently infected birds indicates suppression of antiviral response; the iNOS level was manifold increased which can be attributed to the enhanced macrophage response. Nucleotide sequencing of S1-spike glycoprotein gene of IBV and RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene of ANV confirmed etiologies as Igacovirus of Gammacoronavirus and ANV-2 of Avastrovirus 2, respectively. Both ANV and IBV virus affect kidneys. Our findings suggested that concurrent infections of these two viruses might have enhanced the transcripts of Th1, Th2 and proinflammatory cytokines with reduced IFN-β transcripts resulting in decreased host innate antiviral mechanisms leading to exacerbated renal lesions. Future experimental co-infection studies could throw more lights on pathology and pathogenesis during concurrent infections of ANV and IBV in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivelu Munuswamy
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P, 243122, India.
| | - Saravanan Ramakrishnan
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Shyma K Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Deepthi Kappala
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P, 221005, India
| | - Asok Kumar Mariappan
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Megha Kaore
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440006, India
| | - Karthikeyan Anbazhagan
- Department of Animal Genetic and Breeding, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, 605009, India
| | - Bhavani Puvvala
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, 605009, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P, 243122, India
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Xu G, Ma S, Cheng J, Zhao Y, Zhang G. An attenuated TW-like infectious bronchitis virus strain has potential to become a candidate vaccine and S gene is responsible for its attenuation. Vet Microbiol 2021; 254:109014. [PMID: 33636510 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
TW-like infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with high pathogenicity is becoming the predominant IBV type circulating in China. To develop vaccines against TW-like IBV strains and investigate the critical genes associated with their virulence, GD strain was attenuated by 140 serial passages in specific-pathogen-free embryonated eggs and the safety and efficacy of the attenuated GD strain (aGD) were examined. The genome sequences of GD and aGD were also compared and the effects of mutations in the S gene were observed. The results revealed that aGD strain showed no obvious pathogenicity with superior protective efficacy against TW-like and QX-like virulent IBV strains. The genomes of strains aGD and GD shared high similarity (99.87 %) and most of the mutations occurred in S gene. Recombinant IBV strain rGDaGD-S, in which the S gene was replaced with the corresponding regions from aGD, showed decreased pathogenicity compared with its parental strain. In conclusion, attenuated TW-like IBV strain aGD is a potential vaccine candidate and the S gene is responsible for its attenuation. Our research has laid the foundation for future exploration of the attenuating molecular mechanism of IBV.
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Hashemi S, Hosseini SM, Ghalyanchilangeroudi A, Sheikhi N. Transcriptome based analysis of apoptosis genes in chickens co-infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus and pathogenic Escherichia coli. Iran J Microbiol 2021; 13:17-22. [PMID: 33889358 PMCID: PMC8043830 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i1.5487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Infection with Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is an important respiratory infection worldwide. Apoptosis is a physiological process of cell death that occurs as part of normal development and responds to a variety of physiological and pathophysiological stimuli. The identification of molecular mechanisms of action or inaction of key apoptotic proteins is important. This study aimed to investigate apoptotic related genes in the trachea tissue of infected (IBV variant 2, and APEC serotype O78: K80) SPF chickens group compared to the control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty SPF chickens was divided into 2 groups. Differential transcriptional profile in the infected SPF chickens trachea tissue was compared to those of control group in the early stage of infection by Illumina RNA-seq technique paired-end and strand-specific sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of transcriptome profiling of the trachea from the infected group were identified. Gene ontology category, KEGG pathway, and STRING analysis were analyzed to identify relationships among differentially expressed genes. RESULTS Twenty-eight apoptotic genes were identified. They consisted of six pathways related to cell death: the extrinsic pathway, intrinsic pathway, endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and cell death by NFkB and activates mTOR pathway and some regulator and apoptosis inhibitors. CONCLUSION All of the apoptotic genes in our study were up-regulated. Among these genes, the more fold change value was for TRADD and BCL2A1 genes, and the less fold change value was for MAP3K14, NFKB1, PIK3CB, and ITPR2 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Sheikhi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary, Tehran Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Wu Q, Lin Z, Wu J, Qian K, Shao H, Ye J, Qin A. Peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pELISA) as a possible alternative to the neutralization test for evaluating the immune response to IBV vaccine. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:51. [PMID: 33494765 PMCID: PMC7830047 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus, is one of the most important poultry pathogens worldwide due to its multiple serotypes and poor cross-protection. Vaccination plays a vital role in controlling the disease. The efficacy of vaccination in chicken flocks can be evaluated by detecting neutralizing antibodies with the neutralization test. However there are no simple and rapid methods for detecting the neutralizing antibodies. RESULTS In this study, a peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pELISA) as a possible alternative to the neutralization test for evaluating the immune response to IBV vaccine was developed. The pELISA could indirect evaluate neutralizing antibody titers against different types of IBV in all tested sera. The titers measured with the pELISA had a coefficient of 0.83 for neutralizing antibody titers. CONCLUSIONS The pELISA could detect antibodies against different types of IBV in all tested sera. The pELISA has the potential to evaluate samples for IBV-specific neutralizing antibodies and surveillance the infection of IBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhixian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jinsen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Key Laboratory of Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Aijian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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Sun X, Li L, Pan L, Wang Z, Chen H, Shao C, Yu J, Ren Y, Wang X, Huang X, Zhang R, Li G. Infectious bronchitis virus: Identification of Gallus gallus APN high-affinity ligands with antiviral effects. Antiviral Res 2020; 186:104998. [PMID: 33340637 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a coronavirus, causes infectious bronchitis (IB) with high morbidity and mortality, and gives rise to huge economic losses for the poultry industry. Aminopeptidase N (APN) may be one of the IBV functional receptors. In this study, Gallus gallus APN (gAPN) protein was screened by phage-displayed 12-mer peptide library. Two high-affinity peptides H (HDYLYYTFTGNP) and T (TKFSPPSFWYLH) to gAPN protein were selected for in depth characterization of their anti-IBV effects. In vitro, indirect ELISA showed that these two high-affinity ligands could bind IBV S1 antibodies. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay, virus yield reduction assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay results revealed 3.125-50 μg/ml of peptide H and 6.25-50 μg/ml of peptide T reduced IBV proliferation in chicken embryo kidney cells (CEKs). In vivo, high-affinity phage-vaccinated chickens were able to induce specific IBV S1 antibodies and IBV neutralizing antibodies. QRT-PCR results confirmed that high-affinity phages reduced virus proliferation in chicken tracheas, lungs and kidneys, and alleviated IBV-induced lesions. By multiple sequence alignment, motif 'YxYY' and 'FxPPxxWxLH' of high-affinity peptides were identified in IBV S1-NTD, while another motif 'YxFxGN' located in S2. These results indicated that high affinity peptides of gAPN could present an alternative approach to IB prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Long Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Huijie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Changhao Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jia Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yudong Ren
- College of Electrical and Information Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guangxing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Salarpour A, Toroghi R, Nikbakht Brujeni G, Momayez R. In silico prediction of linear B-cell epitopes for S1 protein of two Iranian 793/B isolates and their changes after 90 serial passaging. Vet Res Forum 2020; 11:365-370. [PMID: 33643589 PMCID: PMC7904132 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2018.92973.2243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing, serotype-specific, and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) are induced by epitopes in the S1 protein. Most changes in the virus genome due to mutation and recombination during serial passaging in embryonated chicken eggs occur in the S1 gene. In the current study, we tried to predict the potential linear B-cell epitopes of the S1 subunit of two Iranian 793/B isolates and then we analyzed their changes at passage level 90 due to mutations at this passage level. To predict linear B-cell epitopes of the S1 protein belonging to two Iranian 793/B isolates, we used two online epitope prediction programs called BepiPred and ABCpred. Some of the most important features of proteins including antigenicity, physicochemical properties, and secondary structure composition were analyzed. The predicted epitopes were studied between wild viruses and their passage level 90 viruses. We identified 15 potential linear B-cell epitopes among which six epitopes had the highest scores of physicochemical properties and antigenicity. Due to amino acid substitutions, seven predicted epitopes had different amino acid sequences at passage level 90. Among eight epitopes with no amino acid substitution at passage level 90, three epitopes had the highest scores. These three conserved epitopes including NH2-NQLGSCPLTGMI-COOH, NH2-GNFSDGFYPFTNSSLVKD-COOH, and NH2-GPIQGGC-COOH might be strategic and potential candidates for use in designing epitope-based vaccine researches. In conclusion, based on scores of physicochemical properties and antigenicity, it seemed that the sequence of most epitopes in wild viruses might be more antigenic and immunogenic compared to their sequence in viruses of passage 90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Salarpour
- Department of Veterinary Research and Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Toroghi
- Department of Veterinary Research and Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Nikbakht Brujeni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Momayez
- Department of Poultry Disease Research and Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
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Al-Jallad T, Kassouha M, Salhab M, Alomar A, Al-Masalma M, Abdelaziz F. Molecular characterization of isolated infectious bronchitis viruses from affected vaccinated broiler flocks in Syria. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:449. [PMID: 33213457 PMCID: PMC7678145 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) is a highly contagious disease that imposes a huge economic burden on the global poultry industry. IBV contains numerous serotypes and variants with incomplete tenuous cross immunological protection. The failure of currently used vaccines to protect against diverse, circulating IBV strains that are specific to a given region poses a major problem for the poultry industry. Thus, there is an urgent need to conduct studies aimed at genotyping field IB viruses. In this study, we have determined the molecular characteristics of circulating IBV by sequencing the S1 gene of viral isolates from affected previously vaccinated broiler flocks suffering from the disease. Results Ten isolates propagated in embryonated eggs showed an ability to induce typical IBV lesions after three successive viral passages. We performed a nested RT–PCR assay that targeted the hypervariable region 3 (HVR-3) of the S1 gene, and identified the isolates as IBV through sequence analysis. The IBV isolates showed sequence similarity between the Syrian isolates that vary from 96.20 to 100%, and those being closer to the Variant-2 strain IS/1494/06 (EU780077.2) with 97.5 to 99.4% similarities. However, less nucleotide identity was found with sequences belonging to the used vaccine strains such as H120, Mass5, and 4/91. Conclusions This study showed the presence of the Variant-2 strain circulating in Syrian broiler flocks showing signs of IBV disease. Currently, there is no commercial effective vaccine which protects birds against the Variant-2 strain. Continuous monitoring procedures should be taken to control and limit the spread of the IBV Variant-2 strain. This research emphasizes both the importance of epidemiological monitoring in intensive poultry farming for novel pathogens and the use of local isolates as future vaccine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Al-Jallad
- The General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.,Department of Animal Production, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
| | - Morshed Kassouha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hama University, Hama, Syria.
| | - Mohamad Salhab
- The General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria
| | - Anouar Alomar
- Faculty of Sciences, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria
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Huang M, Liu Y, Zou C, Tan Y, Han Z, Xue C, Cao Y. A highly pathogenic recombinant infectious bronchitis virus with adaptability in cultured cells. Virus Res 2020; 292:198229. [PMID: 33207263 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) of GI-19 (QX), GI-7 (TW), GI-13 (4/91) and GI-1 (Mass) lineages have been frequently detected in China in recent years. Here, An IBV strain, referred as GD17/04, was isolated from the dead yellow feather chicken vaccinated with H52 and 4/91 vaccines, whose genome sequence was obtained through high-throughput sequencing. Then it has been confirmed by the RDP and SimPlot analysis that GD17/04 is a recombinant strain deriving from YX10, 4/91, TW 2575/98 and H52 strains. Therein S1 gene of GD17/04 consists of sequences of TW2575/98 and 4/91, the former for the region of 20,371 to 21,072 nt and 21,847 to 21,975 nt, the latter for the sandwiched region of 21,073 to 21,846 nt. Moreover, as a nephropathogenic variant which caused high morbidity of 100 % and mortality of 60 %, unlike most other IBV strains, GD17/04 can cause obvious cell lesion in primary CEK cell, and even in DF-1 cells, without the process of continuous passage. As the few IBV strain can infect avian passage cell line, GD17/04 provides a material basis for further study of the interaction mechanism between IBV and avian host. Collectively, the findings highlight the significance that biological characteristics of novel strain should be studied, in addition to constant epidemiologic and molecular surveillance for IBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuangchao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yazhuo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Guzmán M, Hidalgo H. Live Attenuated Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccines in Poultry: Modifying Local Viral Populations Dynamics. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2058. [PMID: 33171704 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the more prevalent diseases in poultry, and it is caused by a virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a Gammacoronavirus which is related to the Betacoronavirus SARSCov-2 causing COVID-19 in humans. IB is mainly controlled by biosecurity and vaccines, although, it is a very challenging issue because the viral populations are constantly evolving by several factors. One of these factors is the same vaccines used for IB control, this could explain by recombination, reversion to virulence, or by favoring virus serotype selection. Thus, a human role in the change of viral populations can be identified by the IBV vaccine usage, this must be considered to achieve effective IB control. Abstract Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) remains one of the most important diseases impacting poultry today. Its high adaptive capacity, attributable to the high mutation rate associated with its ssRNA(+), is one of its more important features. While biosecurity procedures and barriers have been shown to be preponderant factors in minimizing the impact of infectious bronchitis (IB), the environment and procedures associated with intensive poultry systems greatly influence the viral population dynamics. High-density poultry flocks facilitate recombination between different viruses, and even with live attenuated vaccines, which can change the dominant circulating field strains. Furthermore, the remaining issue of reversion to virulence gives rise to significant problems when vaccinal strains are introduced in places where their pathogenic variants have not been reported. Under specific conditions, live attenuated vaccines could also change the frequency of circulating viruses and enable replacement between different field strains. In summary, under a comprehensive approach, while vaccination is one of the most essential tools for controlling IB, the veterinarians, farmers, and official services role in its usage is central to minimizing alteration in a malleable viral population. Otherwise, vaccination is ultimately counterproductive.
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Bande F, Arshad SS, Bejo MH, Omar AR, Moeini H, Khadkodaei S, Wei TS, Keong YS, Abba Y, Anka IA. Development and immunogenic potentials of chitosan-saponin encapsulated DNA vaccine against avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104560. [PMID: 33068733 PMCID: PMC7556284 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Infectious Bronchitis (IB) is an economically important avian disease that considerably threatens the global poultry industry. This is partly, as a result of its negative consequences on egg production, weight gain as well as mortality rate.The disease is caused by a constantly evolving avian infectious bronchitis virus whose isolates are classified into several serotypes and genotypes that demonstrate little or no cross protection. In order to curb the menace of the disease therefore, broad based vaccines are urgently needed. The aim of this study was to develop a recombinant DNA vaccine candidate for improved protection of avian infectious bronchitis in poultry. Using bioinformatics and molecular cloning procedures, sets of monovalent and bivalent DNA vaccine constructs were developed based on the S1 glycoprotein from classical and variants IBV strains namely, M41 and CR88 respectively. The candidate vaccine was then encapsulated with a chitosan and saponin formulated nanoparticle for enhanced immunogenicity and protective capacity. RT-PCR assay and IFAT were used to confirm the transcriptional and translational expression of the encoded proteins respectively, while ELISA and Flow-cytometry were used to evaluate the immunogenicity of the candidate vaccine following immunization of various SPF chicken groups (A-F). Furthermore, histopathological changes and virus shedding were determined by quantitative realtime PCR assay and lesion scoring procedure respectively following challenge of various subgroups with respective wild-type IBV viruses. Results obtained from this study showed that, groups vaccinated with a bivalent DNA vaccine construct (pBudCR88-S1/M41-S1) had a significant increase in anti-IBV antibodies, CD3+ and CD8+ T-cells responses as compared to non-vaccinated groups. Likewise, the bivalent vaccine candidate significantly decreased the oropharyngeal and cloacal virus shedding (p < 0.05) compared to non-vaccinated control. Chickens immunized with the bivalent vaccine also exhibited milder clinical signs as well as low tracheal and kidney lesion scores following virus challenge when compared to control groups. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that bivalent DNA vaccine co-expressing dual S1 glycoprotein induced strong immune responses capable of protecting chickens against infection with both M41 and CR88 IBV strains. Moreso, it was evident that encapsulation of the vaccine with chitosan-saponin nanoparticle further enhanced immune responses and abrogates the need for multiple booster administration of vaccine. Therefore, the bivalent DNA vaccine could serve as efficient and effective alternative strategy for the control of IB in poultry. DNA vaccine offers a promising advantage for the control of infectious bronchitis in poultry. A bivalent DNA vaccine based on S1-glycoprotein of M41 and CR88 IBV strains were developed and evaluated. Vaccination with IBV S-1 gene-based DNA vaccine lead to improved antibody and T cell responses. Encapsulation of the vaccine with chitosan and Saponin enhances the immune response and abrogated the need for multiple booster administration. The vaccine offered protection to vaccinated chickens as revealed by the reduction in oropharyngeal and cloacal virus shedding as well as reduced tracheal and kidney lesion scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruku Bande
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Suri Arshad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Hair Bejo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Moeini
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Saeid Khadkodaei
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tan Sheau Wei
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yeap Swee Keong
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Abba
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Manswr B, Ball C, Forrester A, Chantrey J, Ganapathy K. Immunopathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus Q1 in specific pathogen free chicks. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104535. [PMID: 32980469 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immunopathogenesis of avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Q1, was investigated in specific pathogen free chicks. Following infection, chicks exhibited respiratory clinical signs and reduced body weight. Oropharyngeal (OP) and cloacal (CL) swabs were collected at intervals and found to be RT-PCR positive, with a greater number of partial-S1 amino acid changes noted in CL swabs compared to OP swabs. In tissue samples, IBV viral load peaked 9 days post infection (dpi) in the trachea and kidneys, and 14 dpi in the proventriculus. At 28 dpi, ELISA data showed that 63% of infected chicks seroconverted. There was significantly higher mRNA up-regulation of IFN-α, TLR3, MDA5, LITAF, IL-1β and IL-6 in the trachea compared to the kidneys. Findings presented here demonstrate that this Q1 isolate induces greater lesions and host innate immune responses in chickens' tracheas compared to the kidneys.
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