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Zhou G, Zhong W, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li T, Hua J, Zhou Y, Li M, Gu N, Zhao Y. Mixed-valence gold-porphyrin two-dimensional coordination networks for repurposing of chrysotherapy. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122361. [PMID: 37898022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic gold nanomaterials typically exhibit antibacterial properties, albeit significantly weaker than ionic gold in chrysotherapy. The inherent stability of gold nanoparticles prevents the release of gold ions, limiting their ability to achieve efficient antibacterial therapy. To address this limitation, we propose a novel sustained ionic gold release strategy through the construction of a mixed-valence gold-porphyrin coordination network (Au-Por). By adjusting the ratio of Au to porphyrin molecule, an ultrathin two-dimensional Au-Por nanosheet was successfully synthesized, which contains 85.9 % of Au (III). In addition, the remaining gold existed in the form of uniformly distributed ultrasmall nanoclusters on the Au-Por nanosheet. Notably, the Au-Por nanosheet exhibited a sustained release of gold ions. Thus, a multimodal antibacterial therapy was achieved by integrating the direct bactericidal action of ionic gold and lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated through the peroxidase (POD)-like activity of gold nanoclusters and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using porphyrins. The innovative Au-Por exerted broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria mediated by bacterial membrane disruption and DNA damage. Moreover, in vivo studies demonstrated the synergistic effect of Au-Por on combating skin wound infections and facilitating wound healing. Comprehensive safety evaluations proved that Au-Por exhibited no hematotoxicity or hepatorenal toxicity, and it also displayed rapid renal clearance after treatment, indicating favorable biocompatibility. The repurposing of chrysotherapy has revolutionized the antibacterial strategy of nanoscale gold, resulting in a dramatic boost in antibacterial activity and valuable insights for designing highly efficient nanoscale antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxin Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Wenbin Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yipin Wang
- The Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tenglong Li
- The Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jing Hua
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yaoxuan Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Mei Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; The Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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Paesa M, Remirez de Ganuza C, Alejo T, Yus C, Irusta S, Arruebo M, Sebastian V, Mendoza G. Elucidating the mechanisms of action of antibiotic-like ionic gold and biogenic gold nanoparticles against bacteria. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 633:786-799. [PMID: 36493743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial action of gold depends on different factors including its oxidation state in the intra- and extracellular medium, the redox potential, its ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), the medium components, the properties of the targeted bacteria wall, its penetration in the bacterial cytosol, the cell membrane potential, and its interaction with intracellular components. We demonstrate that different gold species are able to induce bacterial wall damage as a result of their electrostatic interaction with the cell membrane, the promotion of ROS generation, and the consequent DNA damage. In-depth genomic and proteomic studies on Escherichia coli confirmed the superior toxicity of Au (III) vs Au (I) based on the different molecular mechanisms analyzed including oxidative stress, bacterial energetic metabolism, biosynthetic processes, and cell transport. At equivalent bactericidal doses of Au (III) and Au (I) eukaryotic cells were not as affected as bacteria did, maintaining unaffected cell viability, morphology, and focal adhesions; however, increased ROS generation and disruption in the mitochondrial membrane potential were also observed. Herein, we shed light on the antimicrobial mechanisms of ionic and biogenic gold nanoparticles against bacteria. Under selected conditions antibiotic-like ionic gold can exert a strong antimicrobial activity while being harmless to human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Paesa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Cristina Remirez de Ganuza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Teresa Alejo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009-Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Yus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009-Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009-Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor Sebastian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009-Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gracia Mendoza
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009-Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029-Madrid, Spain
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Torres MR, Slate AJ, Ryder SF, Akram M, Iruzubieta CJC, Whitehead KA. Ionic gold demonstrates antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains due to cellular ultrastructure damage. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3015-3024. [PMID: 33782717 PMCID: PMC8289768 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to the ever-increasing rise of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, the development of alternative antimicrobial agents is a global priority. The antimicrobial activity of ionic gold was explored against four Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with different AMR profiles in order to determine the antimicrobial activity of ionic gold and elucidate the mechanisms of action. Disc diffusion assays (zone of inhibition: ZoI) coupled with minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) were conducted to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of ionic gold. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualise morphological changes to the bacterial cell ultrastructure. Strains with increased AMR were slower to grow which is likely a fitness cost due to the enhanced AMR activity. Although greater concentrations of ionic gold were required to promote antimicrobial activity, ionic gold demonstrated similar antimicrobial values against all strains tested. Lowry assay results indicated that protein leakage was apparent following incubation with ionic gold, whilst SEM revealed cellular ultrastructure damage. This study suggests that the application of ionic gold as an alternative antimicrobial is promising, particularly against AMR P. aeruginosa. The antimicrobial activity of ionic gold against P. aeruginosa could potentially be utilised as an alternative therapeutic option in wound management, an approach that could benefit healthcare systems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Reyes Torres
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Anthony J Slate
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Steven F Ryder
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Maliha Akram
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Conrado Javier Carrascosa Iruzubieta
- Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Production, and Food Science and Technology, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canarias, Gran Canarias, 35413, Arucas, Spain
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
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Barreto A, Carvalho A, Silva D, Pinto E, Almeida A, Paíga P, Correira-Sá L, Delerue-Matos C, Trindade T, Soares AMVM, Hylland K, Loureiro S, Oliveira M. Effects of single and combined exposures of gold (nano versus ionic form) and gemfibrozil in a liver organ culture of Sparus aurata. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 160:111665. [PMID: 33181940 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In vitro methods have gained rising importance in ecotoxicology due to ethical concerns. The aim of this study was to assess the single and combined in vitro effects of gold, as nanoparticle (AuNPs) and ionic (Au+) form, and the pharmaceutical gemfibrozil (GEM). Sparus aurata liver organ culture was exposed to gold (4 to 7200 μg·L-1), GEM (1.5 to 15,000 μg·L-1) and combination 80 μg·L-1 gold +150 μg·L-1 GEM for 24 h. Endpoints related with antioxidant status, peroxidative/genetic damage were assessed. AuNPs caused more effects than Au+, increasing catalase and glutathione reductase activities and damaging DNA and cellular membranes. Effects were dependent on AuNPs size, coating and concentration. GEM damaged DNA at an environmentally relevant concentration, 1.5 μg·L-1. Overall, the effects of the combined exposures were higher than the predicted, based on single exposures. This study showed that liver culture can be a useful model to study contaminants effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barreto
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - A Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - D Silva
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - E Pinto
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Escola Superior de Saúde, P. Porto. CISA/Centro de Investigação em saúde e Ambiente, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - A Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - P Paíga
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Correira-Sá
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - C Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - T Trindade
- Departamento de Química & CICECO - Aveiro Instituto de Materiais, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - K Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - S Loureiro
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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