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Hoover Z, Lynn M, Zhaliazka K, Holman AP, Dou T, Kurouski D. Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Accelerate the Rate of Insulin Aggregation and Enhance Toxicity of Insulin Aggregates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:147-154. [PMID: 38127718 PMCID: PMC10862472 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are essential components of a human diet. These molecules are critically important for cognitive attention and memory, mood states, coronary circulation, and cirrhosis. However, recently reported findings demonstrated that docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic acids (ARA), ω-3 and ω-6 LCPUFAs, accelerated the aggregation rates of insulin and α-synuclein, proteins that are directly linked to diabetes type 2 and Parkinson's disease, respectively. Furthermore, both DHA and ARA uniquely altered the structure and toxicity of the corresponding protein aggregates. Our objective is to ascertain whether other LCPUFAs, alongside long-chain unsaturated fatty acid (LCUFA) proteins, exhibit similar effects on amyloidogenic proteins. To explore this matter, we investigated the effect of 10 different LCPUFAs and LCUFAs on the rate of insulin aggregation. We found that all of the analyzed fatty acids strongly accelerated insulin aggregation. Moreover, we found that protein aggregates that were formed in the presence of these fatty acids exerted significantly higher cell toxicity compared with insulin fibrils grown in the lipid-free environment. These findings show that interactions between amyloid-associated proteins and LCPUFAs can be the underlying molecular cause of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Hoover
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael Lynn
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kiryl Zhaliazka
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Aidan P. Holman
- Department
of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Tianyi Dou
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dmitry Kurouski
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Kasim HH, Olga L, Snowden S, Cropp E, Koulman A, Beardsall K. A comparative analyses of lipid ratios representing desaturase enzyme activity between preterm and term infants within the first ten weeks of life. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:133. [PMID: 37612700 PMCID: PMC10463436 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desaturase enzymes play a key role in several pathways including biosynthesis of poly- and mono- unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, MUFA). In preterm infants, desaturase enzyme activity (DA) may be a rate-limiting step in maintaining PUFAs levels during this critical developmental window and impact on long term metabolic health. The study tested the hypothesis that DA is altered in preterm infants compared to term infants in early life and may be a marker of risk or contribute to later alterations in metabolic health. METHODS Lipidomic analyses were conducted using blood samples from two established UK-based cohorts, involving very preterm (n = 105) and term (n = 259) infants. Blood samples were taken from term infants at birth, two and six weeks and from preterm infants when established on enteral feeds and at term corrected age. DA of the 2 groups of infants were estimated indirectly from product/precursor lipids ratios of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and triglycerides (TG) species and reported according to their postmenstrual and postnatal ages. RESULTS There were changes in lipid ratios representing desaturase enzyme activity in preterm infants in the first weeks of life with higher delta 6 desaturases (D6D) triglyceride (TG) indices but significantly lower delta 9 desaturase (D9D) and D6D(PC) indices. In comparison to term infants, preterm have lower delta 5 desaturase (D5D) but higher D6D indices at all postnatal ages. Although point levels of desaturase indices were different, trajectories of changes in these indices over time were similar in preterm and term infants. CONCLUSIONS This study findings suggest the patterns of desaturase indices in preterm infants differ from that of term infants but their trajectories of change in the first 10 weeks of life were similar. These differences of DA if they persist in later life could contribute to the mechanism of diseases in preterm adulthood and warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanis Hidayu Kasim
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Laurentya Olga
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stuart Snowden
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eliza Cropp
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathryn Beardsall
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Neonatal Unit, University of Cambridge Addenbrookes Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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Abstract
The endothelium acts as the barrier that prevents circulating lipids such as lipoproteins and fatty acids into the arterial wall; it also regulates normal functioning in the circulatory system by balancing vasodilation and vasoconstriction, modulating the several responses and signals. Plasma lipids can interact with endothelium via different mechanisms and produce different phenotypes. Increased plasma-free fatty acids (FFAs) levels are associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Because of the multi-dimensional roles of plasma FFAs in mediating endothelial dysfunction, increased FFA level is now considered an essential link in the onset of endothelial dysfunction in CVD. FFA-mediated endothelial dysfunction involves several mechanisms, including dysregulated production of nitric oxide and cytokines, metaflammation, oxidative stress, inflammation, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and apoptosis. Therefore, modulation of FFA-mediated pathways involved in endothelial dysfunction may prevent the complications associated with CVD risk. This review presents details as to how endothelium is affected by FFAs involving several metabolic pathways.
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Mallick R, Basak S, Duttaroy AK. Fatty acids and evolving roles of their proteins in neurological, cardiovascular disorders and cancers. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101116. [PMID: 34293403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of fat metabolism is involved in various disorders, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and cancers. The uptake of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) with 14 or more carbons plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, the uptake and metabolism of LCFAs must constantly be in tune with the cellular, metabolic, and structural requirements of cells. Many metabolic diseases are thought to be driven by the abnormal flow of fatty acids either from the dietary origin and/or released from adipose stores. Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of fatty acids are facilitated ubiquitously with unique combinations of fatty acid transport proteins and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins in every tissue. Extensive data are emerging on the defective transporters and metabolism of LCFAs and their clinical implications. Uptake and metabolism of LCFAs are crucial for the brain's functional development and cardiovascular health and maintenance. In addition, data suggest fatty acid metabolic transporter can normalize activated inflammatory response by reprogramming lipid metabolism in cancers. Here we review the current understanding of how LCFAs and their proteins contribute to the pathophysiology of three crucial diseases and the mechanisms involved in the processes.
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Carlson SE, Schipper L, Brenna JT, Agostoni C, Calder PC, Forsyth S, Legrand P, Abrahamse-Berkeveld M, van de Heijning BJM, van der Beek EM, Koletzko BV, Muhlhausler B. Perspective: Moving Toward Desirable Linoleic Acid Content in Infant Formula. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2085-2098. [PMID: 34265035 PMCID: PMC8634410 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant formula should provide the appropriate nutrients and adequate energy to facilitate healthy infant growth and development. If conclusive data on quantitative nutrient requirements are not available, the composition of human milk (HM) can provide some initial guidance on the infant formula composition. This paper provides a narrative review of the current knowledge, unresolved questions, and future research needs in the area of HM fatty acid (FA) composition, with a particular focus on exploring appropriate intake levels of the essential FA linoleic acid (LA) in infant formula. The paper highlights a clear gap in clinical evidence as to the impact of LA levels in HM or formula on infant outcomes, such as growth, development, and long-term health. The available preclinical information suggests potential disadvantages of high LA intake in the early postnatal period. We recommend performing well-designed clinical intervention trials to create clarity on optimal levels of LA to achieve positive impacts on both short-term growth and development and long-term functional health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Thomas Brenna
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda- Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Philippe Legrand
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Nutrition Humaine, Agrocampus–French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Eline M van der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Berthold V Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Department of Paediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Beverly Muhlhausler
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Adelaide, Australia,School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Barrera C, Valenzuela R, Rincón MA, Espinosa A, López-Arana S, González-Mañan D, Romero N, Vargas R, Videla LA. Iron-induced derangement in hepatic Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturation capacity and fatty acid profile leading to steatosis: Impact on extrahepatic tissues and prevention by antioxidant-rich extra virgin olive oil. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 153:102058. [PMID: 32007744 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The administration of iron induces liver oxidative stress and depletion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), n-6/n-3 LCPUFA ratio enhancement and fat accumulation, which may be prevented by antioxidant-rich extra virgin olive oil (AR-EVOO) supplementation. Male Wistar rats were subjected to a control diet (50 mg iron/kg diet) or iron-rich diet (IRD; 200 mg/kg diet) with alternate AR-EVOO for 21 days. Liver fatty acid (FA) analysis was performed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) after lipid extraction and fractionation, besides Δ-5 desaturase (Δ-5 D) and Δ6-D mRNA expression (qPCR) and activity (GLC) measurements. The IRD significantly (p < 0.05) increased hepatic total fat, triacylglycerols, free FA contents and serum transaminases levels, with diminution in those of n-6 and n-3 LCPUFAs, higher n-6/n-3 ratios, lower unsaturation index and Δ5-D and Δ6-D activities, whereas the mRNA expression of both desaturases was enhanced over control values, changes that were prevented by concomitant AR-EVOO supplementation. N-6 and n-3 LCPUFAs were also decreased by IRD in extrahepatic tissues and normalized by AR-EVOO. In conclusion, AR-EVOO supplementation prevents IRD-induced changes in parameters related to liver FA metabolism and steatosis, an effect that may have a significant impact in the treatment of iron-related pathologies or metabolic disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Barrera
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla, Santiago 70000, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla, Santiago 70000, Chile.
| | - Miguel A Rincón
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra López-Arana
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla, Santiago 70000, Chile
| | | | - Nalda Romero
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Romina Vargas
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Amatruda M, Ippolito G, Vizzuso S, Vizzari G, Banderali G, Verduci E. Epigenetic Effects of n-3 LCPUFAs: A Role in Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2118. [PMID: 31035722 PMCID: PMC6539774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity represents an important public health issue worldwide and is strongly linked to metabolic alterations such as hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. The constellation of these conditions is commonly known as Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Metabolic syndrome is not just a simple cluster of metabolic complications due to excess of adipose tissue, but is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Evidence from several human and animal studies suggests that environmental and nutritional exposure during pregnancy may affect the newborn development and future health through epigenetic changes, playing a potential role in determining obesity and obesity-related complications. Understanding how nutritional epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the "transgenerational risk" for obesity and metabolic dysfunction is crucial in order to develop early prevention strategies for children's health. Nutrigenetics is the science that studies the role of nutrients in gene expression. Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFAs) are known for their health benefits, especially in relation to their ability to modulate inflammation and improve some obesity-associated comorbidities, mainly by decreasing plasma triglycerides. Recent nutrigenetic research is focusing on the potential role of LCPUFAs in influencing epigenetic markers. In this review, we present the most recent updates about the possible interaction between n-3 LCPUFAs and epigenetic pathways in metabolic syndrome. Literature from MEDLINE® and the Cochrane database between May 2005 and December 2018 has been scanned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Amatruda
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, I - 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulio Ippolito
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, I - 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Vizzuso
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, I - 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Vizzari
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, I - 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Banderali
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, I - 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, I - 20142 Milan, Italy.
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