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Zimmer N, Trzeciak ER, Müller A, Licht P, Sprang B, Leukel P, Mailänder V, Sommer C, Ringel F, Tuettenberg J, Kim E, Tuettenberg A. Nuclear Glycoprotein A Repetitions Predominant (GARP) Is a Common Trait of Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells and Correlates with Poor Survival in Glioblastoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5711. [PMID: 38136258 PMCID: PMC10741777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is notoriously resistant to therapy. GB genesis and progression are driven by glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). One goal for improving treatment efficacy and patient outcomes is targeting GSCs. Currently, there are no universal markers for GSCs. Glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), an anti-inflammatory protein expressed by activated regulatory T cells, was identified as a possible marker for GSCs. This study evaluated GARP for the detection of human GSCs utilizing a multidimensional experimental design that replicated several features of GB: (1) intratumoral heterogeneity, (2) cellular hierarchy (GSCs with varied degrees of self-renewal and differentiation), and (3) longitudinal GSC evolution during GB recurrence (GSCs from patient-matched newly diagnosed and recurrent GB). Our results indicate that GARP is expressed by GSCs across various cellular states and disease stages. GSCs with an increased GARP expression had reduced self-renewal but no alterations in proliferative capacity or differentiation commitment. Rather, GARP correlated inversely with the expression of GFAP and PDGFR-α, markers of astrocyte or oligodendrocyte differentiation. GARP had an abnormal nuclear localization (GARPNU+) in GSCs and was negatively associated with patient survival. The uniformity of GARP/GARPNU+ expression across different types of GSCs suggests a potential use of GARP as a marker to identify GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany (P.L.)
| | - Emily R. Trzeciak
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany (P.L.)
| | - Andreas Müller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurooncology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Licht
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany (P.L.)
| | - Bettina Sprang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurooncology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Leukel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany (P.L.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Clemens Sommer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Ringel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochen Tuettenberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, SHG-Klinikum Idar-Oberstein, 55743 Idar-Oberstein, Germany;
| | - Ella Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurooncology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Tuettenberg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany (P.L.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Yagi H, Sato K, Arakawa N, Inoue T, Nishida Y, Yamada S, Ishige T, Yamada Y, Arakawa H, Takizawa T. Expression of Leucine-rich Repeat-containing Protein 32 Following Lymphocyte Stimulation in Patients with Non-IgE-mediated Gastrointestinal Food Allergies. Yale J Biol Med 2020; 93:645-55. [PMID: 33380925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) facilitates the diagnosis of non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergies (non-IgE-GI-FAs). However, LSTs require large volumes of blood and prolonged culture durations. Recently, we found that IL2RA mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with non-IgE-GI-FAs increased after a 24 h stimulation with milk proteins. We designated this gene expression test as the instant peripheral blood allergen stimulation test (iPAST). In this study, we investigated whether other activated T cell-associated genes are superior to IL2RA in the iPAST for the supplementary diagnosis of non-IgE-GI-FAs. After incubating PBMCs with milk proteins for 24 h, the mRNA levels of three genes, LRRC32, TNFRSF4, and CD69, were assessed using quantitative RT-PCR. The diagnostic significance of the mRNA expression was evaluated by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Upon stimulation with α-casein, κ-casein, α-lactalbumin, or a mixture of four milk protein components (Pmix), LRRC32 expression in the PBMCs of 16 patients with non-IgE-GI-FAs was found to be higher than that in their 17 control counterparts, whereas TNFRSF4 and CD69 levels remained unaltered. Except for β-lactoglobulin and cow's milk (CM), the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for LRRC32 mRNA expression upon stimulation was >0.7, which validated the diagnostic ability of this test. Notably, α-casein and Pmix had higher AUC scores of 0.820 and 0.842, respectively, than other antigens. iPAST assessed by LRRC32 as well as IL2RA may be useful for the supplementary diagnosis of non-IgE-GI-FAs as an alternative to LSTs and provide insight into the pathogenesis of non-IgE-GI-FAs.
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Chen J, Chen Q, Wu C, Jin Y. Genetic variants of the C11orf30- LRRC32 region are associated with childhood asthma in the Chinese population. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:390-394. [PMID: 31812328 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To investigate whether genetic polymorphisms of C11orf30-LRRC32 region are associated with the development of childhood asthma in the Chinese population. METHODS A total of 732 asthma children and 824 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from the subjects for total IgE analysis, DNA extraction and RNA extraction. Three previously reported asthma-related SNPs were genotyped, including rs7936070 (G/T), rs7927894 (A/G), and rs6592657 (A/G). Blood samples from 50 patients and 50 controls were randomly selected to detect the mRNA expression levels of C11orf30 and LRRC32 in serum. RESULTS There were significantly different genotype frequencies between the two groups in terms of rs7936070 and rs7927894. Compared with controls, patients were found to have remarkably higher risk allele frequencies of rs7936070 and rs7927894. Genotype GG of rs7936070 was indicative of remarkably elevated total IgE level as compared with genotype TT and genotype GT. Similarly, genotype AA of rs7927894 was also associated with significantly elevated total IgE level. The serum expression of C11orf30 was significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. The C11orf30 expression was significantly correlated with the total IgE level (r = -0.463, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Variants of C11orf30 were associated with the risk of childhood asthma in the Chinese population. Besides, abnormally decreased expression of C11orf30 was detected in the serum of patients, which was correlated with the total IgE level. The C11orf30 might play a role in asthma via biological pathways involving the regulation of total serum IgE level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Hailing South Road No. 399, Taizhou, China
| | - Q Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Hailing South Road No. 399, Taizhou, China
| | - C Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Hailing South Road No. 399, Taizhou, China
| | - Y Jin
- Department of Paediatrics, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Hailing South Road No. 399, Taizhou, China.
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Vermeersch E, Liénart S, Collignon A, Lucas S, Gallimore A, Gysemans C, Unutmaz D, Vanhoorelbeke K, De Meyer SF, Maes W, Deckmyn H. Deletion of GARP on mouse regulatory T cells is not sufficient to inhibit the growth of transplanted tumors. Cell Immunol 2018; 332:129-133. [PMID: 30093071 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
GARP is a transmembrane protein that presents latent TGF-β1 on the surface of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Neutralizing anti-GARP monoclonal antibodies that prevent the release of active TGF-β1, inhibit the immunosuppressive activity of human Tregs in vivo. In this study, we investigated the contribution of GARP on mouse Tregs to immunosuppression in experimental tumors. Unexpectedly, Foxp3 conditional garp knockout (KO) mice challenged orthotopically with GL261 tumor cells or subcutaneously with MC38 colon carcinoma cells did not show prolonged survival or delayed tumor growth. Also, the suppressive function of KO Tregs was similar to that of wild type Tregs in the T cell transfer model in allogeneic, immunodeficient mice. In conclusion, garp deletion in mouse Tregs is not sufficient to impair their immunosuppressive activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vermeersch
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - S Liénart
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Collignon
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Lucas
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Gallimore
- Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - C Gysemans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Unutmaz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - K Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - S F De Meyer
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - W Maes
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - H Deckmyn
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium.
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Derycke MS, Charbonneau B, Preston CC, Kalli KR, Knutson KL, Rider DN, Goode EL. Toward understanding the genetics of regulatory T cells in ovarian cancer. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e24535. [PMID: 23894717 PMCID: PMC3716752 DOI: 10.4161/onci.24535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs) promote immune evasion and are associated with poor disease outcome in patients affected by various malignancies. We have recently demonstrated that several, inherited single nucleotide polymorphisms affecting Treg-related genes influence the survival of ovarian cancer patients, providing novel insights into possible mechanisms of immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Derycke
- Department of Health Sciences Research; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
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