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Helgers LC, Keijzer NCH, van Hamme JL, Sprokholt JK, Geijtenbeek TBH. Dengue Virus Infects Human Skin Langerhans Cells through Langerin for Dissemination to Dendritic Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1099-1111.e3. [PMID: 37979773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the most disease-causative flavivirus worldwide. DENV as a mosquito-borne virus infects human hosts through the skin; however, the initial target cells in the skin remain unclear. In this study, we have investigated whether epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) play a role in DENV acquisition and dissemination. We have used a human epidermal ex vivo infection model as well as isolated LCs to investigate infection by DENV. Notably, both immature and mature LCs were permissive to DENV infection in vitro and ex vivo, and infection was dependent on C-type lectin receptor langerin because blocking antibodies against langerin significantly reduced DENV infection in vitro and ex vivo. DENV-infected LCs efficiently transmitted DENV to target cells such as dendritic cells. Moreover, DENV exposure increased the migration of LCs from epidermal explants. These results strongly suggest that DENV targets epidermal LCs for infection and dissemination in the human host. These findings could provide potential drug targets to combat the early stage of DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne C Helgers
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia C H Keijzer
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L van Hamme
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris K Sprokholt
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bellmann L, Strandt H, Zelle‐Rieser C, Ortner D, Tripp CH, Schmid S, Rühl J, Cappellano G, Schaffenrath S, Prokopi A, Spoeck S, Seretis A, Del Frari B, Sigl S, Krapf J, Heufler C, Keler T, Münz C, Romani N, Stoitzner P. Targeted delivery of a vaccine protein to Langerhans cells in the human skin via the C-type lectin receptor Langerin. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1829-1841. [PMID: 34932821 PMCID: PMC9788233 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human skin is a preferred vaccination site as it harbors multiple dendritic cell (DC) subsets, which display distinct C-type lectin receptors (CLR) that recognize pathogens. Antigens can be delivered to CLR by antibodies or ligands to boost antigen-specific immune responses. This concept has been established in mouse models but detailed insights into the functional consequences of antigen delivery to human skin DC in situ are sparse. In this study, we cloned and produced an anti-human Langerin antibody conjugated to the EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1). We confirmed specific binding of anti-Langerin-EBNA1 to Langerhans cells (LC). This novel LC-based vaccine was then compared to an existing anti-DEC-205-EBNA1 fusion protein by loading LC in epidermal cell suspensions before coculturing them with autologous T cells. After restimulation with EBNA1-peptides, we detected elevated levels of IFN-γ- and TNF-α-positive CD4+ T cells with both vaccines. When we injected the fusion proteins intradermally into human skin explants, emigrated skin DC targeted via DEC-205-induced cytokine production by T cells, whereas the Langerin-based vaccine failed to do so. In summary, we demonstrate that antibody-targeting approaches via the skin are promising vaccination strategies, however, further optimizations of vaccines are required to induce potent immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Bellmann
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Helen Strandt
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Claudia Zelle‐Rieser
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Daniela Ortner
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Christoph H. Tripp
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sandra Schmid
- Institute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Julia Rühl
- Institute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria,Department of Health SciencesInterdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune DiseasesCenter for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease‐CAADUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Sandra Schaffenrath
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Anastasia Prokopi
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sarah Spoeck
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Athanasios Seretis
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria,Research Institute for Biomedical Aging ResearchUniversity of InnsbruckAustria
| | - Barbara Del Frari
- Department of PlasticReconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Stephan Sigl
- Department of PlasticReconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Johanna Krapf
- Department of PlasticReconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Christine Heufler
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Christian Münz
- Institute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Nikolaus Romani
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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García Díaz MP, De Luca Sologaistoa A, De Paula Vernetta C, Moreno MA, Galeano Paniagua LA, Fernández MM, Carceller MA. Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the head and neck in the pediatric population in a tertiary center: Clinical presentation, classification and treatment. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 155:111073. [PMID: 35220158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease of unknown etiology with a heterogeneous and unspecific clinical presentation. Any organ or system may be involved but the most frequent is the skeleton. The diagnostic gold standard is done through histopathology combined with immunohistochemistry in the correct clinical setting. Treatment is still controversial. The objective of this study is to present a series of pediatric patients in order to contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of LCH. MATERIAL AND METHODS A longitudinal, descriptive and retrospective study was done in 20 pediatric patients histologically diagnosed of LCH int the last 10 years, in a tertiary center. A review of the medical history was done and data collection included: epidemiological data, clinical manifestations and classification, lesion characteristics, treatment employed, follow-up and evolution. RESULTS The mean age presentation was 6.5 years (2-12). The most frequent disease presentation was a palpable skull tumor followed by headache. Other otorhinolaryngologic presenting symptoms were bloody otorrhea and post auricular swelling. Single-systems LCH with skull tumors was the most frequent classification. Treatment options (surgery, chemotherapy and corticosteroid infiltration) were indicated according to disease classification. CONCLUSION LCH should be suspected in pediatric patients with a palpable cranial vault tumor, as well as in patients with chronic otorrhea with granulation tissue at the external ear canal. Management of LCH fundamentally includes chemotherapy and surgery, or the combination of both. High-risk organs lesions, including temporal bone lesions, and multi-system LCH are predictors of recurrence and should have a long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Piedad García Díaz
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | - M Andres Moreno
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Mateos Fernández
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Rentzsch M, Wawrzinek R, Zelle-Rieser C, Strandt H, Bellmann L, Fuchsberger FF, Schulze J, Busmann J, Rademacher J, Sigl S, Del Frari B, Stoitzner P, Rademacher C. Specific Protein Antigen Delivery to Human Langerhans Cells in Intact Skin. Front Immunol 2021; 12:732298. [PMID: 34745102 PMCID: PMC8566742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune modulating therapies and vaccines are in high demand, not least to the recent global spread of SARS-CoV2. To achieve efficient activation of the immune system, professional antigen presenting cells have proven to be key coordinators of such responses. Especially targeted approaches, actively directing antigens to specialized dendritic cells, promise to be more effective and accompanied by reduced payload due to less off-target effects. Although antibody and glycan-based targeting of receptors on dendritic cells have been employed, these are often expensive and time-consuming to manufacture or lack sufficient specificity. Thus, we applied a small-molecule ligand that specifically binds Langerin, a hallmark receptor on Langerhans cells, conjugated to a model protein antigen. Via microneedle injection, this construct was intradermally administered into intact human skin explants, selectively loading Langerhans cells in the epidermis. The ligand-mediated cellular uptake outpaces protein degradation resulting in intact antigen delivery. Due to the pivotal role of Langerhans cells in induction of immune responses, this approach of antigen-targeting of tissue-resident immune cells offers a novel way to deliver highly effective vaccines with minimally invasive administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Rentzsch
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Wawrzinek
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Zelle-Rieser
- Langerhans Cell Research Lab, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helen Strandt
- Langerhans Cell Research Lab, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lydia Bellmann
- Langerhans Cell Research Lab, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix F. Fuchsberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jessica Schulze
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jil Busmann
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Juliane Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stephan Sigl
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Del Frari
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Langerhans Cell Research Lab, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
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Ohkawa Y, Harada Y, Taniguchi N. Keratan sulfate-based glycomimetics using Langerin as a target for COPD: lessons from studies on Fut8 and core fucose. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:441-53. [PMID: 33616615 DOI: 10.1042/BST20200780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation represents one of the most abundant posttranslational modification of proteins. Glycosylation products are diverse and are regulated by the cooperative action of various glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, substrates thereof: nucleoside sugars and their transporters, and chaperons. In this article, we focus on a glycosyltransferase, α1,6-fucosyltransferase (Fut8) and its product, the core fucose structure on N-glycans, and summarize the potential protective functions of this structure against emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Studies of FUT8 and its enzymatic product, core fucose, are becoming an emerging area of interest in various fields of research including inflammation, cancer and therapeutics. This article discusses what we can learn from studies of Fut8 and core fucose by using knockout mice or in vitro studies that were conducted by our group as well as other groups. We also include a discussion of the potential protective functions of the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide, namely L4, against emphysema and COPD as a glycomimetic. Glycomimetics using glycan analogs is one of the more promising therapeutics that compensate for the usual therapeutic strategy that involves targeting the genome and the proteome. These typical glycans using KS derivatives as glycomimetics, will likely become a clue to the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies.
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6
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Cloherty APM, Rader AG, Compeer B, Ribeiro CMS. Human TRIM5α: Autophagy Connects Cell-Intrinsic HIV-1 Restriction and Innate Immune Sensor Functioning. Viruses 2021; 13:320. [PMID: 33669846 DOI: 10.3390/v13020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) persists as a global health concern, with an incidence rate of approximately 2 million, and estimated global prevalence of over 35 million. Combination antiretroviral treatment is highly effective, but HIV-1 patients that have been treated still suffer from chronic inflammation and residual viral replication. It is therefore paramount to identify therapeutically efficacious strategies to eradicate viral reservoirs and ultimately develop a cure for HIV-1. It has been long accepted that the restriction factor tripartite motif protein 5 isoform alpha (TRIM5α) restricts HIV-1 infection in a species-specific manner, with rhesus macaque TRIM5α strongly restricting HIV-1, and human TRIM5α having a minimal restriction capacity. However, several recent studies underscore human TRIM5α as a cell-dependent HIV-1 restriction factor. Here, we present an overview of the latest research on human TRIM5α and propose a novel conceptualization of TRIM5α as a restriction factor with a varied portfolio of antiviral functions, including mediating HIV-1 degradation through autophagy- and proteasome-mediated mechanisms, and acting as a viral sensor and effector of antiviral signaling. We have also expanded on the protective antiviral roles of autophagy and outline the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulation to intervene in chronic HIV-1 infection.
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7
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Sortino R, Schmid M, El Baz Y, Loosen A, Tarantino I, Steffen T, Schmied BM, Abbassi F. Indeterminate dendritic cell tumor in the pancreas. J Surg Case Rep 2020; 2020:rjaa208. [PMID: 32714504 PMCID: PMC7371254 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjaa208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indeterminate dendritic cell tumor (IDCT) is an extremely rare hematologic neoplastic disorder with proliferation of indeterminate dendritic cells. In the vast majority of cases, IDCTs are restricted to the skin or lymph nodes. To our knowledge, we report the first case of IDCT in the pancreas. Due to the rarity of extracutaneous IDCT, guidelines or treatment recommendations addressing their management are missing. We performed a review of literature to compare our experience to the management of other extracutaneous IDCT. Histopathological examination confirms the diagnosis of IDCT in electron microscopy and/or immunohistochemistry. Specific features are the lack of Birbeck granules and the nonreaction to Langerin antibodies. Concerning the aftercare of extracutaneous IDCT, we recommend a dermatological examination to rule out an additional cutaneous manifestation as well as annual blood examinations due to the association between IDCT and hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Sortino
- Department of General, Visceral, Endocrine and Transplantation Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schmid
- Department of Pathology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yassir El Baz
- Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Loosen
- Department of General, Visceral, Endocrine and Transplantation Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ignazio Tarantino
- Department of General, Visceral, Endocrine and Transplantation Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Steffen
- Department of General, Visceral, Endocrine and Transplantation Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bruno M Schmied
- Department of General, Visceral, Endocrine and Transplantation Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Fariba Abbassi
- Department of General, Visceral, Endocrine and Transplantation Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Duinkerken S, Horrevorts SK, Kalay H, Ambrosini M, Rutte L, de Gruijl TD, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, van Kooyk Y. Glyco-Dendrimers as Intradermal Anti-Tumor Vaccine Targeting Multiple Skin DC Subsets. Theranostics 2019; 9:5797-5809. [PMID: 31534520 PMCID: PMC6735376 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human skin is an attractive anti-tumor vaccination site due to the vast network of dendritic cell (DC) subsets that carry antigens to the draining lymph nodes and stimulate tumor specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in. Specific vaccine delivery to skin DC can be accomplished by targeting glycan coated antigens to C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) such as DC-SIGN expressed by human dermal DCs and Langerin expressed by Langerhans cells (LCs), which facilitate endocytosis and processing for antigen presentation and T cell activation. Although there are multiple human skin DC subsets, targeting individual DC subsets and receptors has been a focus in the past. However, the simultaneous targeting of multiple human skin DC subsets that mobilize the majority of the skin antigen presenting cells (APC) is preferred to accomplish more robust and efficient T cell stimulation. Dual CLR targeting using a single tumor vaccine has been difficult, as we previously showed Langerin to favor binding and uptake of monovalent glyco-peptides whereas DC-SIGN favors binding of larger multivalent glyco-particles such as glyco-liposomes. Methods: We used branched polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers as scaffold for melanoma specific gp100 synthetic long peptides and the common DC-SIGN and Langerin ligand Lewis Y (LeY), to create multivalent glyco-dendrimers with varying molecular weights for investigating dual DC-SIGN and Langerin targeting. Using DC-SIGN+ monocyte derived DC (moDC) and Langerin+ primary LC we investigated glyco-dendrimer CLR targeting properties and subsequent gp100 specific CD8+ T cell activation in vitro. In situ targeting ability to human dermal DC and LC through intradermal injection in a human skin explant model was elucidated. Results: Dual DC-SIGN and Langerin binding was achieved using glyco-dendrimers of approximately 100kD, thereby fulfilling our criteria to simultaneously target LCs and CD1a+ and CD14+ dermal DC in situ. Both DC-SIGN and Langerin targeting by glyco-dendrimers resulted in enhanced internalization and gp100 specific CD8+ T cell activation. Conclusion: We designed the first glyco-vaccine with dual CLR targeting properties, thereby reaching multiple human skin DC subsets in situ for improved anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses.
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van Dalen R, Fuchsberger FF, Rademacher C, van Strijp JAG, van Sorge NM. A Common Genetic Variation in Langerin (CD207) Compromises Cellular Uptake of Staphylococcus aureus. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:191-200. [PMID: 31141812 DOI: 10.1159/000500547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells are key sentinel cells of the skin and mucosal lining. They sense microorganisms through their repertoire of pattern-recognition receptors to mount and direct appropriate immune responses. We recently demonstrated that human Langerhans cells interact with the Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus through the Langerhans cell-specific receptor langerin (CD207). It was previously hypothesized that two linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; N288D and K313I) in the carbohydrate recognition domain of langerin would affect interaction with microorganisms. We show that recognition of S. aureus by recombinant langerin molecules is abrogated in the co-inheriting SNP variant, which is mainly explained by the N288D SNP and further enhanced by K313I. Moreover, introduction of SNP N288D in ectopically-expressed langerin affected cellular distribution of the receptor such that langerin displayed enhanced plasma membraneexpression. Despite this increased binding of S. aureus by the langerin double SNP variant, uptake of bacteria by this langerin variant was compromised. Our findings indicate that in a proportion of the human population, the recognition and uptake of S. aureus by Langerhans cells may be affected, which could have important consequences for proper immune activation and S. aureus-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob van Dalen
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Felix F Fuchsberger
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nina M van Sorge
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
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10
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Selove W, Picarsic J, Swerdlow SH. Langerin staining identifies most littoral cell angiomas but not most other splenic angiomatous lesions. Hum Pathol 2018; 83:43-49. [PMID: 30130631 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although littoral cell angiomas (LCAs) are phenotypically well characterized, the antibodies used to support the diagnosis identify many other cells in the normal spleen, and some may be found in other angiomatous lesions. Based on a langerin/CD207+ LCA index case, langerin and other selected immunohistochemical staining was performed on 10 LCAs, 20 other splenic angiomatous lesions, and 7 reactive lymph nodes to further investigate the role of langerin as a diagnostic tool. Ninety percent (9/10) of LCAs were langerin positive, whereas only 1 (5%) of 20 other splenic vascular lesions was partially positive (P < .00001). All LCAs were CD1a-, CD68+, CD34-, and CD8-; 20% were S100+, 70% CD21+, and 90% cyclin D1+. Ultrastructural studies of one LCA did not show Birbeck-type granules in definite lining cells. Sinus lining cells in 7 of 7 reactive lymph nodes showed partial langerin positivity, and 4 of 4 showed partial cyclin D1 positivity. In conclusion, langerin staining is an easily interpreted and highly sensitive and specific (sensitivity [0.90], specificity [0.95]) ancillary study to help distinguish LCA from other vascular tumors of the spleen. Whether this represents cross-reactivity or true CD207 expression is uncertain, as other immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies do not support a Langerhans cell origin. The cyclin D1 staining seen in most LCA would be consistent with their expression of other selected vascular and histiocytic markers. The similar staining pattern in some lymph node sinus lining cells suggests a possible similar cell of origin, although LCA of lymph nodes is not described.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Selove
- Division of Hematopathology, UPMC Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Jennifer Picarsic
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Steven H Swerdlow
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Kizuka Y, Mishra S, Yamaguchi Y, Taniguchi N. Implication of C-type lectin receptor langerin and keratan sulfate disaccharide in emphysema. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:80-84. [PMID: 30025865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is profoundly involved in various diseases, and interactions between glycan binding proteins and their sugar ligands are plausible drug targets. Keratan sulfate (KS), a glycosaminoglycan, is downregulated in lungs by cigarette smoking, suggesting that KS is involved in smoking-related diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We found that a highly sulfated KS disaccharide, L4, suppresses lung inflammation and is effective against COPD and its exacerbation in mouse models. Its anti-inflammatory activity was comparable to that of a steroid. As a possible mechanism, langerin, a C-type lectin receptor (CLR) expressed in dendritic cells, was suggested to function as an L4 receptor. Oligomeric L4 derivatives were chemically designed to create new ligands with higher affinity and activity. The synthetic L4 oligomers bound to langerin with over 1000-fold higher affinity than the L4 monomer, suggesting that these compounds are effective drug candidates against COPD and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Sushil Mishra
- Systems Glycobiology Research Group, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Systems Glycobiology Research Group, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Systems Glycobiology Research Group, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuoku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan.
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12
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Ali-Ridha A, Brownstein S, O'Connor M, Gilberg S, Tang T. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an 18-month-old child presenting as periorbital cellulitis. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2018; 32:52-5. [PMID: 29755272 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare multi-system disease. It presents infrequently as a childhood orbital tumor, and can mimic more common inflammatory orbital disease processes. We report the clinical, histopathological, and electron microscopic findings of orbital LCH in an 18-month-old child, along with a review of the recent literature regarding molecular pathogenetic analysis of LCH. The child presented with a two-week history of progressive left periorbital edema and redness. He was initially diagnosed and treated empirically for bacterial periorbital cellulitis, but subsequently underwent ophthalmological consultation after he failed to improve. Histopathological examination of an orbital biopsy specimen revealed numerous Langerhans-type cells, which stain positive for CD1A and CD207 (langerin). Electron microscopic examination demonstrated characteristic Birbeck granules within the Langerhans-type cells. Three year follow-up did not demonstrate recurrence or disease progression.
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13
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Ota F, Hirayama T, Kizuka Y, Yamaguchi Y, Fujinawa R, Nagata M, Ismanto HS, Lepenies B, Aretz J, Rademacher C, Seeberger PH, Angata T, Kitazume S, Yoshida K, Betsuyaku T, Kida K, Yamasaki S, Taniguchi N. High affinity sugar ligands of C-type lectin receptor langerin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1592-601. [PMID: 29631057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Langerin, a C-type lectin receptor (CLR) expressed in a subset of dendritic cells (DCs), binds to glycan ligands for pathogen capture and clearance. Previous studies revealed that langerin has an unusual binding affinity toward 6-sulfated galactose (Gal), a structure primarily found in keratan sulfate (KS). However, details and biological outcomes of this interaction have not been characterized. Based on a recent discovery that the disaccharide L4, a KS component that contains 6-sulfo-Gal, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in mouse lung, we hypothesized that L4-related compounds are useful tools for characterizing the langerin-ligand interactions and their therapeutic application. METHODS We performed binding analysis between purified long and short forms of langerin and a series of KS disaccharide components. We also chemically synthesized oligomeric derivatives of L4 to develop a new high-affinity ligand of langerin. RESULTS We show that the binding critically requires the 6-sulfation of Gal and that the long form of langerin displays higher affinity than the short form. The synthesized trimeric (also designated as triangle or Tri) and polymeric (pendant) L4 derivatives displayed over 1000-fold higher affinity toward langerin than monomeric L4. The pendant L4, but not the L4 monomer, was found to effectively transduce langerin signaling in a model cell system. CONCLUSIONS L4 is a specific ligand for langerin. Oligomerization of L4 unit increased the affinity toward langerin. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that oligomeric L4 derivatives will be useful for clarifying the langerin functions and for the development of new glycan-based anti-inflammatory drugs.
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14
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Magaton IM, Tzankov A, Krasniqi F, Rottenburger C, Zanetti-Daellenbach R, Grendelmeier P, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Mayr M, Schwab FD. Spontaneous Remission of Severe Systemic Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Bladder Involvement: A Case Study. Case Rep Oncol 2017; 10:876-884. [PMID: 29118704 PMCID: PMC5662969 DOI: 10.1159/000480696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is heterogeneous ranging from single-organ involvement to systemic disease causing substantial morbidity and mortality. We describe an unusual course of severe multisystem LCH with spontaneous remission. Case Presentation We report on a 45-year-old Caucasian woman with cervical cancer, FIGO stage IVB. Five months after the end of combined radiochemotherapy and brachytherapy, the patient was readmitted because of severe dysuria. Sterile leukocyturia was seen, and cystoscopy revealed only 3 unspecific small mucosal lesions compatible with postradiation cystitis. Incidentally, a computed tomography (CT) scan of the body showed diffuse micronodular and cystic lesions in lungs and hypodense lesions in the liver. Biopsies revealed infiltrations of CD1a and Langerin (CD207)-positive histiocytes in the lung, liver, and bladder. Additionally, positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) was compatible with bone involvement. Retrospective analysis revealed that the increase in alkaline phosphatase might have been a surrogate of bone marrow infiltration with osseous activity. Repeated pneumothoraces occurred, and only one course of vinblastine-prednisolone could be applied. Despite ongoing tobacco consumption and without further therapy, PET-CT showed considerable remission 2 months later. However, despite stable remission, documented by serial PET and conventional CT scans, persistent infiltration of the bladder by Langerhans histiocytes could still be demonstrated 17 months later. Unfortunately, cervical cancer recurred and progressed. Conclusion Multisystem LCH may rapidly occur, may be oligosymptomatic and, even in high-risk cases, remission without specific therapy might occur. Whether alkaline phosphatase might be a surrogate to monitor osseous disease activity has to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isotta M Magaton
- Hospital for Women, Clinic Fontana, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fatime Krasniqi
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christof Rottenburger
- Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Grendelmeier
- Department of Pulmonology, University Clinic of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Hospital for Women, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Mayr
- Medical Outpatient Clinic, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne D Schwab
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Hospital for Women, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Tan SK, Chieng LO, Madhavan K, Rosenberg A, Cote I. Indeterminate Dendritic Cell Tumor in Thoracic Spine: A Case Report. World Neurosurg 2017; 108:543-547. [PMID: 28755918 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indeterminate dendritic cell tumor (IDCT) is an extremely rare hematologic disorder with poorly understood pathogenesis. Occasionally encountered by hematologists, unusual presentations of IDCT have not been reported in the spine literature. METHODS We report a 51-year-old man who presented with a 3-month history of progressively worsening axial thoracic back pain radiating to his sides. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 3-cm enhancing mass at the T9 vertebral body with an exophytic component causing significant canal stenosis. Initial percutaneous biopsy revealed histiocytic sarcoma. RESULTS The patient underwent exploratory thoracotomy and en bloc resection of the lesion with T8-10 fusion. Final pathology results revealed IDCT with fibrosis. IDCT immunostaining was partially positive for Langerhans cell marker (positive for S100 and CD1a, but lacked Birbeck granules and Langerin stain) and partially positive for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm. Additionally, it was positive for CD45, CD68, and CD163. Lymphadenopathy was absent in this patient. CONCLUSIONS Although first reported in the 1980s, IDCT has been omitted from most classifications owing to its rarity. Hematologists have debated the cell of origin; it is believed to comprise pre-Langerhans cells, as Birbeck granules are acquired after migration to the epidermis. IDCT remains of indeterminate origin. We report the first case of spinal IDCT. Familiarity with the histologic features is warranted to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Kiat Tan
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lee Onn Chieng
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Karthik Madhavan
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ian Cote
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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16
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Alves de Lima Silva A, Criado PR, Nunes RS, Kanashiro-Galo L, Seixas Duarte MI, Sotto MN, Pagliari C. Langerhans Cells Express IL-17A in the Epidermis of Chromoblastomycosis Lesions. Biomed Hub 2017; 2:1-8. [PMID: 31988913 PMCID: PMC6945965 DOI: 10.1159/000477954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic fungal infection that affects skin and subcutaneous tissue, and little is known about the immunological aspects of such lesions. We have previously described the high expression of IL-17 in this group. Understanding the innate immune response of patients with CBM would improve the knowledge of its immunopathogenesis and contribute to the most appropriate therapies. Nineteen biopsies of verrucous form were obtained from patients with clinical and histopathological diagnosis of CBM, without treatment. This was done with a double immunostaining with conventional immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence technique as well as confocal microscopy to detect Langerin and IL-17 expression. All of the specimens that were analyzed showed expression of Langerin in the epidermis - the same as the control group. However, only the CBM group presented cells expressing CD207 in the dermis. Interestingly, the coexpression of IL-17 and Langerin was visualized along the epidermis and dermis in 100% of the lesion group. We demonstrated for the first time in situ coexpression of IL-17 and Langerin (CD207) in epidermal cells of patients with CBM and speculated on their role as IL-17-producing cells or whether they could be a new subpopulation of dendritic cells distinct from Langerhans cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Alves de Lima Silva
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis/Departamento de Patologia-Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Dermatologia - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Criado
- Departamento de Dermatologia - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Spina Nunes
- Departamento de Dermatologia - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane Kanashiro-Galo
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis/Departamento de Patologia-Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Irma Seixas Duarte
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis/Departamento de Patologia-Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian N Sotto
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis/Departamento de Patologia-Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Dermatologia - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Pagliari
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis/Departamento de Patologia-Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Dermatologia - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Hanske J, Wawrzinek R, Geissner A, Wamhoff EC, Sellrie K, Schmidt H, Seeberger PH, Rademacher C. Calcium-Independent Activation of an Allosteric Network in Langerin by Heparin Oligosaccharides. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1183-1187. [PMID: 28198086 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The C-type lectin receptor Langerin is a glycan-binding protein that serves as an uptake receptor on Langerhans cells and is essential for the formation of Birbeck granules. Whereas most Langerin ligands are recognized by a canonical Ca2+ -dependent binding site, heparins have been proposed to make additional contacts to a secondary, Ca2+ -independent site. Glycan array screening and biomolecular NMR spectroscopy were employed to investigate the molecular mechanism of these interactions. We observed that binding of heparin hexasaccharides to a secondary site did not require the presence of Ca2+ and activated a previously identified intradomain allosteric network of Langerin (thus far only associated with Ca2+ affinity and release). We propose a communication hub between these two binding sites, which sheds new light on modulatory functions of Langerin-heparin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hanske
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robert Wawrzinek
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike-Christian Wamhoff
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Sellrie
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Henrik Schmidt
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Clausen BE, Stoitzner P. Functional Specialization of Skin Dendritic Cell Subsets in Regulating T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2015; 6:534. [PMID: 26557117 PMCID: PMC4617171 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are a heterogeneous family of professional antigen-presenting cells classically recognized as most potent inducers of adaptive immune responses. In this respect, Langerhans cells have long been considered to be prototypic immunogenic DC in the skin. More recently this view has considerably changed. The generation of in vivo cell ablation and lineage tracing models revealed the complexity of the skin DC network and, in particular, established the existence of a number of phenotypically distinct Langerin+ and negative DC populations in the dermis. Moreover, by now we appreciate that DC also exert important regulatory functions and are required for the maintenance of tolerance toward harmless foreign and self-antigens. This review summarizes our current understanding of the skin-resident DC system in the mouse and discusses emerging concepts on the functional specialization of the different skin DC subsets in regulating T cell responses. Special consideration is given to antigen cross-presentation as well as immune reactions toward contact sensitizers, cutaneous pathogens, and tumors. These studies form the basis for the manipulation of the human counterparts of the murine DC subsets to promote immunity or tolerance for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Division of Experimental Dermatology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
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19
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De Jesus M, Rodriguez AE, Yagita H, Ostroff GR, Mantis NJ. Sampling of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis by Langerin-positive dendritic cells in mouse Peyer's patches. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:64-72. [PMID: 26386376 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Candida genus, including C. albicans and C. tropicalis are opportunistic fungal pathogens that are increasingly associated with gastrointestinal infections and inflammatory bowel diseases. In healthy populations, however, C. albicans and C. tropicalis are considered benign members of the mycobiome, and are presumably kept in check by the mucosal immune system. In this study, we demonstrate in mice that C. albicans and C. tropicalis are sampled by Peyer's patch (PP) dendritic cells (DCs). Uptake into gut-associated lymphoid tissues occurred rapidly and was at least partly M cell-dependent. C. albicans and C. tropicalis preferentially localized in (and persisted within) a recently identified sub- population of Peyer's patch DCs distinguished by their expression of the C-type lectin receptor, Langerin. This study is the first to identify a subset of PP DCs capable of sampling Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdia De Jesus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Adam E Rodriguez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Dutchess Community College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gary R Ostroff
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
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20
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Haid B, Schlögl DE, Hermann M, Tripp CH, Stoitzner P, Romani N, Flacher V. Langerhans cells in the sebaceous gland of the murine skin. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:899-901. [PMID: 26174007 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Haid
- Laboratory for Langerhans Cell Research, Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David E Schlögl
- Laboratory for Langerhans Cell Research, Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph H Tripp
- Laboratory for Langerhans Cell Research, Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Laboratory for Langerhans Cell Research, Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Romani
- Laboratory for Langerhans Cell Research, Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vincent Flacher
- Laboratory for Langerhans Cell Research, Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Fehres CM, Kalay H, Bruijns SCM, Musaafir SAM, Ambrosini M, van Bloois L, van Vliet SJ, Storm G, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, van Kooyk Y. Cross-presentation through langerin and DC-SIGN targeting requires different formulations of glycan-modified antigens. J Control Release 2015; 203:67-76. [PMID: 25656175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and Langerhans cells (LC) are professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) that initiate humoral and cellular immune responses. Targeted delivery of antigen towards DC- or LC-specific receptors enhances vaccine efficacy. In this study, we compared the efficiency of glycan-based antigen targeting to both the human DC-specific C-type lectin receptor (CLR) DC-SIGN and the LC-specific CLR langerin. Since DC-SIGN and langerin are able to recognize the difucosylated oligosaccharide Lewis Y (Le(Y)), we prepared neoglycoconjugates bearing this glycan epitope to allow targeting of both lectins. Le(Y)-modified liposomes, with an approximate diameter of 200nm, were significantly endocytosed by DC-SIGN(+) DCs and mediated efficient antigen presentation to CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Surprisingly, although langerin bound to Le(Y)-modified liposomes, LCs exposed to Le(Y)-modified liposomes could not endocytose liposomes nor mediate antigen presentation to T cells. However, LCs mediated an enhanced cross-presentation when antigen was delivered through langerin using Le(Y)-modified synthetic long peptides. In contrast, Le(Y)-modified synthetic long peptides were recognized by DC-SIGN, but did not trigger antigen internalization nor antigen cross-presentation. These data demonstrate that langerin and DC-SIGN have different size requirements for antigen uptake. Although using glycans remains an interesting option in the design of anti-cancer vaccines targeting multiple CLRs, aspects such as molecule size and conformation need to be taken in consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Fehres
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hakan Kalay
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven C M Bruijns
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara A M Musaafir
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martino Ambrosini
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis van Bloois
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Juan J Garcia-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Kim HK, Park CJ, Jang S, Cho YU, Park SH, Koh KN, Im HJ, Seo JJ. Bone marrow involvement of Langerhans cell histiocytosis: immunohistochemical evaluation of bone marrow for CD1a, Langerin, and S100 expression. Histopathology 2014; 65:742-8. [PMID: 25138018 DOI: 10.1111/his.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although bone marrow (BM) involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a negative prognostic indicator, there are no widely accepted criteria to define BM involvement in LCH. We evaluated the BM of LCH patients at diagnosis by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for S100, CD1a and Langerin, along with other features. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 75 patients diagnosed as LCH at our center. IHC stains of Langerin, CD1a and S100 were done using paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Only three cases showed massive involvement of clustered Langerhans cells. There were linear associations between positive cell count and disease extent. Some discordant results between Langerin and CD1a IHC stains were noted. Among cases showing positive results for all three IHC stains, six patients (54.5%) were in the multisystem group, and three patients (27.3%) had cytopenias. The reactivation-free survival rates did not differ between the group positive for CD1a or Langerin, and the group negative for Langerin and CD1a. CONCLUSIONS Langerin and CD1a seem to be useful markers of Langerhans cells, and S100 might be a nonspecific marker for these cells, in the BM. Both Langerin and CD1a IHC staining is needed to evaluate the BM involvement of LCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ki Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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