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Zuba V, Furon J, Bellemain-Sagnard M, Martinez de Lazarrondo S, Lebouvier L, Rubio M, Hommet Y, Gauberti M, Vivien D, Ali C. The choroid plexus: a door between the blood and the brain for tissue-type plasminogen activator. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:80. [PMID: 36243724 PMCID: PMC9569045 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the vascular compartment, the serine protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) promotes fibrinolysis, justifying its clinical use against vasculo-occlusive diseases. Accumulating evidence shows that circulating tPA (endogenous or exogenous) also controls brain physiopathological processes, like cerebrovascular reactivity, blood–brain barrier (BBB) homeostasis, inflammation and neuronal fate. Whether this occurs by direct actions on parenchymal cells and/or indirectly via barriers between the blood and the central nervous system (CNS) remains unclear. Here, we postulated that vascular tPA can reach the brain parenchyma via the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), that relies on choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cells (CPECs). Methods We produced various reporter fusion proteins to track tPA in primary cultures of CPECs, in CP explants and in vivo in mice. We also investigated the mechanisms underlying tPA transport across the BCSFB, with pharmacological and molecular approaches. Results We first demonstrated that tPA can be internalized by CPECs in primary cultures and in ex vivo CPs explants. In vivo, tPA can also be internalized by CPECs both at their basal and apical sides. After intra-vascular administration, tPA can reach the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and the brain parenchyma. Further investigation allowed discovering that the transcytosis of tPA is mediated by Low-density-Lipoprotein Related Protein-1 (LRP1) expressed at the surface of CPECs and depends on the finger domain of tPA. Interestingly, albumin, which has a size comparable to that of tPA, does not normally cross the CPs, but switches to a transportable form when grafted to the finger domain of tPA. Conclusions These findings provide new insights on how vascular tPA can reach the brain parenchyma, and open therapeutic avenues for CNS disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-022-00378-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Zuba
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Jonathane Furon
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Mathys Bellemain-Sagnard
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Sara Martinez de Lazarrondo
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Lebouvier
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Marina Rubio
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Yannick Hommet
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Maxime Gauberti
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie Hospital (CHU), Caen, France
| | - Carine Ali
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Boulevard Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France.
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