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Cui ZY, Jo E, Jang HJ, Hwang IH, Lee KB, Yoo HS, Park SJ, Jung MK, Lee YW, Jang IS. Modified Ginseng Extract Induces Apoptosis in HepG2 Cancer Cells by Blocking the CXCL8-Mediated Akt/Nuclear Factor-[Formula: see text]B Signaling Pathway. Am J Chin Med 2018; 46:1-18. [PMID: 30284465 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) is produced in the tumor microenvironment and has an important role in cancer pathogenesis. CXCL8 activates the nuclear factor (NF)-[Formula: see text]B signaling. However, the role of NF-[Formula: see text]B inactivation in apoptosis induced by negative regulation of CXCL8 remains unclear. Here, we assessed the effects of MRGX on the transcriptional activity of NF-[Formula: see text]B and the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text]-stimulated target genes in liver cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that modified regular ginseng extract (MRGX)-mediated inhibition of NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling induced apoptosis. Importantly, MRGX exerted strong activity, inhibiting TNF-[Formula: see text]-induced expression of Akt and NF-[Formula: see text]B in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, MRGX inhibited the TNF-[Formula: see text]-induced expression of genes encoding CXCL8, CXCL1, inducible nitric oxide synthase and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. MRGX also dowregulated Akt activation, and there was a significant decrease in Akt activation in HepG2 cells treated with CXCL8 siRNA. Conversely, CXCL8 overexpression increased Akt activation in MRGX-treated HepG2 cells. When Akt was silenced, MRGX treatment of HepG2 cells overexpressing CXCL8 decreased nuclear translocation of NF-[Formula: see text]B, whereas Akt overexpression increased nuclear translocation of NF-[Formula: see text]B in MRGX-treated HepG2 cells. Moreover, MRGX negatively regulated the TNF-[Formula: see text]-mediated I[Formula: see text]B/NF-[Formula: see text]B pathway to promote Bax activation, resulting in caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicated that MRGX inhibited CXCL8-mediated Akt/NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling, which upregulated Bax activation and consequently induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang Cui
- * Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Jo
- † Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- ‡ Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jang
- ‡ Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
- § Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hu Hwang
- ¶ Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- ‡ Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- ∥ East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- ** Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Jung
- ∥ East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Korea
| | - Yeon Wol Lee
- ∥ East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- ‡ Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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