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Khamse S, Alizadeh S, Khorshid HRK, Delbari A, Tajeddin N, Ohadi M. A Hypermutable Region in the DISP2 Gene Links to Natural Selection and Late-Onset Neurocognitive Disorders in Humans. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04155-y. [PMID: 38565786 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
(CCG) short tandem repeats (STRs) are predominantly enriched in genic regions, mutation hotspots for C to T truncating substitutions, and involved in various neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, intact blocks of this class of STRs are widely overlooked with respect to their link with natural selection. The human neuron-specific gene, DISP2 (dispatched RND transporter family member 2), contains a (CCG) repeat in its 5' untranslated region. Here, we sequenced this STR in a sample of 448 Iranian individuals, consisting of late-onset neurocognitive disorder (NCD) (N = 203) and controls (N = 245). We found that the region spanning the (CCG) repeat was highly mutated, resulting in several flanking (CCG) residues. However, an 8-repeat of the (CCG) repeat was predominantly abundant (frequency = 0.92) across the two groups. While the overall distribution of genotypes was not different between the two groups (p > 0.05), we detected four genotypes in the NCD group only (2% of the NCD genotypes, Mid-p = 0.02), consisting of extreme short alleles, 5- and 6-repeats, that were not detected in the control group. The patients harboring those genotypes received the diagnoses of probable Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. We also found six genotypes in the control group only (2.5% of the control genotypes, Mid-p = 0.01) that consisted of the 8-repeat and extreme long alleles, 9- and 10-repeats, of which the 10-repeat was not detected in the NCD group. The (CCG) repeat specifically expanded in primates. In conclusion, we report an indication of natural selection at a novel hypermutable region in the human genome and divergent alleles and genotypes in late-onset NhCDs and controls. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that a collection of rare alleles and genotypes in a number of genes may unambiguously contribute to the cognition impairment component of late-onset NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khamse
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Alizadeh
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H R Khorram Khorshid
- Personalized Medicine and Genometabolomics Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Delbari
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - N Tajeddin
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ohadi
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Korvatska O, Bucks SA, Yoda RA, Nolan A, Dorschner MO, Tsuang D, Jayadev S, Raskind WH, Bird TD. NOTCH3 C201R variant causes cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) that can be confused with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2023; 452:120763. [PMID: 37598468 PMCID: PMC10863424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NOTCH3 is the causative gene for autosomal dominant cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarctions and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) which is associated with both stroke and dementia. When CADASIL presents primarily as dementia it can be difficult to distinguish from Alzheimer's disease (AD) at both the clinical and neuropathological levels. METHODS We performed exome sequencing of several affected individuals from a large family affected with AD. PCR amplification and direct Sanger sequencing were used to verify variants detected by exome analysis and to screen family members at-risk to carry those variants. Neuropathologic brain evaluation by immunohistochemistry and MRI were performed for the carriers of the NOTCH3 variant. RESULTS In a three-generation family with AD, we found a c.601 T > C p.Cys201Arg variant in the NOTCH3 gene that caused clinical and neuropathological manifestations of CADASIL. These features included earlier onset of dementia accompanied by behavioral abnormalities in the father and son and white matter abnormalities in the asymptomatic grandson. The family is one branch of a large pedigree studied by the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP). As part of the ADSP linkage analysis and whole genome sequencing endeavor, an ABCA1 variant, p.Ala937Val, was previously found associated with AD in this pedigree. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, together with other reported pathogenic missense variants of the C201 codon in NOTCH3, support the role of cysteine 201 as a mutation hotspot for CADASIL and highlight the genetic complexity both clinically and pathologically of AD and related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Korvatska
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
| | - Stephanie A Bucks
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Rebecca A Yoda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Amber Nolan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Michael O Dorschner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Debby Tsuang
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Medical Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Wendy H Raskind
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Medical Center, Seattle, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Medical Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Medical Center, Seattle, USA
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Shepherd MJ, Horton JS, Taylor TB. A near-deterministic mutational hotspot in Pseudomonas fluorescens is constructed by multiple interacting genomic features. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:msac132. [PMID: 35707979 PMCID: PMC9234803 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation - whilst stochastic - is frequently biased toward certain loci. When combined with selection this results in highly repeatable and predictable evolutionary outcomes. Immotile variants of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens (SBW25) possess a 'mutational hotspot' that facilitates repeated occurrences of an identical de novo single nucleotide polymorphism when re-evolving motility, where ≥95% independent lines fix the mutation ntrB A289C. Identifying hotspots of similar potency in other genes and genomic backgrounds would prove valuable for predictive evolutionary models, but to do so we must understand the genomic features that enable such a hotspot to form. Here we reveal that genomic location, local nucleotide sequence, gene strandedness and presence of mismatch repair proteins operate in combination to facilitate the formation of this mutational hotspot. Our study therefore provides a framework for utilising genomic features to predict and identify hotspot positions capable of enforcing near-deterministic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Shepherd
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - J S Horton
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - T B Taylor
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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Chowdhury K, Kumar S, Sharma T, Sharma A, Bhagat M, Kamai A, Ford BM, Asthana S, Mandal CC. Presence of a consensus DNA motif at nearby DNA sequence of the mutation susceptible CG nucleotides. Gene 2017; 639:85-95. [PMID: 28986316 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Complexity in tissues affected by cancer arises from somatic mutations and epigenetic modifications in the genome. The mutation susceptible hotspots present within the genome indicate a non-random nature and/or a position specific selection of mutation. An association exists between the occurrence of mutations and epigenetic DNA methylation. This study is primarily aimed at determining mutation status, and identifying a signature for predicting mutation prone zones of tumor suppressor (TS) genes. Nearby sequences from the top five positions having a higher mutation frequency in each gene of 42 TS genes were selected from a cosmic database and were considered as mutation prone zones. The conserved motifs present in the mutation prone DNA fragments were identified. Molecular docking studies were done to determine putative interactions between the identified conserved motifs and enzyme methyltransferase DNMT1. Collective analysis of 42 TS genes found GC as the most commonly replaced and AT as the most commonly formed residues after mutation. Analysis of the top 5 mutated positions of each gene (210 DNA segments for 42 TS genes) identified that CG nucleotides of the amino acid codons (e.g., Arginine) are most susceptible to mutation, and found a consensus DNA "T/AGC/GAGGA/TG" sequence present in these mutation prone DNA segments. Similar to TS genes, analysis of 54 oncogenes not only found CG nucleotides of the amino acid Arg as the most susceptible to mutation, but also identified the presence of similar consensus DNA motifs in the mutation prone DNA fragments (270 DNA segments for 54 oncogenes) of oncogenes. Docking studies depicted that, upon binding of DNMT1 methylates to this consensus DNA motif (C residues of CpG islands), mutation was likely to occur. Thus, this study proposes that DNMT1 mediated methylation in chromosomal DNA may decrease if a foreign DNA segment containing this consensus sequence along with CG nucleotides is exogenously introduced to dividing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tanu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Meenakshi Bhagat
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Asangla Kamai
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bridget M Ford
- Department of Biology, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio 78209, TX, USA
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Drug Discovery Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India.
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Abstract
Various kind of chemical substances, including man-made chemical products and unintended products, are emitted to ambient air. Some of these substances have been shown to be mutagenic and therefore to act as a carcinogen in humans. National pollutant inventories (e.g., Pollutant Release and Transfer Registration in Japan) have estimated release amounts of man-made chemical products, but a major concern is the release of suspended particulate matter containing potent mutagens, for example, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds generated by the combustion of fossil fuel, which are not estimated by PRTR system. In situ exposure studies have revealed that DNA adducts in the lung, and possibly mutations in germline cells are induced in rodents by inhalation of ambient air, indicating that evaluating in vivo mutations is important for assessing environmental health risks. Transgenic rodent systems (Muta, Big Blue, and gpt delta) are good tools for analyzing in vivo mutations induced by a mixture of chemical substances present in the environment. Following inhalation of diesel exhaust (used as a model mixture), mutation frequency was increased in the lung of gpt delta mice and base substitutions were induced at specific guanine residues (mutation hotspots) on the target transgenes. Mutation hotspots induced by diesel exhaust were different from those induced by benzo[a]pyrene, a typical mutagen in ambient air, but nearly identical to those induced by 1,6-dinitropyrene contained in diesel exhaust. Comparison between mutation hotspots in the TP53 (p53) gene in human lung cancer (data extracted from the IARC TP53 database) and mutations we identified in gpt delta mice showed that G to A transitions centered in CGT and CGG trinucleotides were mutation hotspots on both TP53 genes in human lung cancers and gpt genes in transgenic mice that inhaled diesel exhaust. The carcinogenic potency (TD50 value) of genotoxic carcinogen was shown to be correlated with the in vivo mutagenicity (total dose per increased mutant frequency). These results suggest that the mutations identified in transgenic rodents can help identify environmental mutagens that cause cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Aoki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
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Luo S, Cai S, Maxwell S, Yue D, Zhu W, Qiao K, Zhu Z, Zhou L, Xi J, Lu J, Beeson D, Zhao C. Novel mutations in the C-terminal region of GMPPB causing limb-girdle muscular dystrophy overlapping with congenital myasthenic syndrome. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:557-564. [PMID: 28433477 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the GMPPB gene may underlie both limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) and congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS). Forty-one cases have been reported to date and hotspot mutations are emerging in the Caucasian population. Clinical and pathological features of 5 patients with compound heterozygous GMPPB mutations were collected and retrospectively reviewed. In vitro functional analysis was performed to investigate the pathogeneity of GMPPB variants. The patients presented with proximal limb weakness in their first to second decades. Fluctuating muscle weakness, myalgia and calf hypertrophy were the major complaints. Myogenic changes on electromyography and marked attenuation on 3 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation were observed in all patients. Four reported a beneficial response to pyridostigmine. Muscle MRI showed selective involvement in the calf in case 1. Immunolabeling of α-dystroglycan was abnormal for case 1 and case 2. Four novel missense mutations in the C-terminal region of GMPPB were identified, with p.(Arg357His) being present in all the cases. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that these variants did not markedly reduce the amount of GMPPB, but gave rise to an increased propensity for protein aggregation. Increasingly, patients with GMPPB mutations are found to present with an overlapping LGMD/myasthenic syndrome. The mutation spectrum in Chinese patients may differ from that of European populations, with the mutation p.(Arg357His) most frequently found. These mutations may lead to abnormal folding of GMPPB leading to protein aggregates in the cytoplasm rather than an overall loss in protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Susan Maxwell
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Dongyue Yue
- Department of Neurology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Qiao
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology, Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Putuo District People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Xi
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - David Beeson
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
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