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Estévez A, Camacho C, Correia T, Barbosa V, Marques A, Lourenço H, Serrano C, Sapata M, Duarte MP, Pires C, Gonçalves A, Nunes ML, Oliveira H. Strategies to reduce sodium levels in European seabass sausages. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112262. [PMID: 34004227 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering the increasing demand towards "ready-to-cook" processed seafood products, recognised as being potential contributors to high sodium (Na) intake by consumers, this study aimed to assess the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) reduction on physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) sausages stored in chilling conditions during 5 weeks. Three formulations were tested in comparison with a control (100% NaCl, CTR): (i) 50% NaCl+50% ME (oleoresins microcapsules) (F1); (ii) 50% NaCl+50% KCl (F2); and (iii) only 50% NaCl (F3). The NaCl reduction mainly affected the texture and the salty taste, resulting in softer and perceived as less salty sausages after processing. However, hardness differences disappeared after 5 weeks. It seems that an antioxidant protection was obtained in sausages formulated with oleoresins microcapsules. No or low growth of psychrotrophic and mesophilic bacteria was observed (≤2.40 log CFU/g). Decreasing NaCl content and/or partially replacing it (50%) by KCl or oleoresins microcapsules seem to be suitable solutions to reduce Na (30.9-36.3%) levels, while maintaining the chilled sausages quality for 5 weeks. The partial replacement of NaCl by KCl also allows obtaining a product richer in K (997.2 mg/100 g), which ingestion may contribute for a cardiovascular protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Estévez
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carolina Camacho
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Correia
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vera Barbosa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Lourenço
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carmo Serrano
- National Institute of Agriculture and Veterinary Research, Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Sapata
- National Institute of Agriculture and Veterinary Research, Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Duarte
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carla Pires
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Amparo Gonçalves
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Leonor Nunes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Lisboa, Portugal.
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