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Mueller NJ, Denner J. Porcine cytomegalovirus/porcine roseolovirus (PCMV/PRV): A threat for xenotransplantation? Xenotransplantation 2022; 29:e12775. [PMID: 36082418 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential for a donor-derived transmission of porcine cytomegalovirus/porcine roseolovirus (PCMV/PRV) to the recipient has been recognized since pigs were considered candidate donors for xenotransplantation. This review gives a short description of the viral properties and summarizes the current evidence of the effects of PCMV/PRV transmission in preclinical xenotransplantation. Despite evidence that PCMV/PRV does not infect human and non-human primate cells, activation in the transplanted organ and detrimental systemic complications have been described. As PCMV/PRV is a herpesvirus able to establish latency, the importance of adequate screening of donor pigs is emphasized, as no efficient treatment is available. Furthermore, easy and successful ways of elimination of PCMV/PRV from pig herds are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Mueller
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, and University Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Denner
- Institut of Virology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Yang Z, Tang X, Hasing ME, Pang X, Ghosh S, McMullen TPW, Brindley DN, Hemmings DG. Human Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity and Viral DNA in Breast Tumors Are Associated with Poor Patient Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1148. [PMID: 35267456 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects 40–70% of adult populations in developed countries and this is thought to be involved in breast cancer progression; however, reports of detection of the viral genome in breast tumors ranges from 0–100%. We optimized a method that is both sensitive and specific to detect HCMV DNA in tissues from Canadian breast cancer patients. Only ~42% of HCMV-seropositive patients expressed viral DNA in their breast tumors. Viral transcription was not detected in any HCMV-infected breast tumors, indicating a latent infection; however, HCMV seropositivity and the presence of latent infections in breast tumors were independently, and in combination, associated with increased metastasis. HCMV DNA-positive tumors were also associated with lower relapse-free survival. Therefore, HCMV infection status should be accounted for during the monitoring and treatment of breast cancer patients. Prevention or reducing the effects of HCMV infection could decrease morbidity and mortality from metastatic disease. Abstract Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects 40–70% of adults in developed countries. Detection of HCMV DNA and/or proteins in breast tumors varies considerably, ranging from 0–100%. In this study, nested PCR to detect HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) DNA in breast tumors was shown to be sensitive and specific in contrast to the detection of DNA for immediate early genes. HCMV gB DNA was detected in 18.4% of 136 breast tumors while 62.8% of 94 breast cancer patients were seropositive for HCMV. mRNA for the HCMV immediate early gene was not detected in any sample, suggesting viral latency in breast tumors. HCMV seropositivity was positively correlated with age, body mass index and menopause. Patients who were HCMV seropositive or had HCMV DNA in their tumors were 5.61 (CI 1.77–15.67, p = 0.003) or 5.27 (CI 1.09–28.75, p = 0.039) times more likely to develop Stage IV metastatic tumors, respectively. Patients with HCMV DNA in tumors experienced reduced relapse-free survival (p = 0.042). Being both seropositive with HCMV DNA-positive tumors was associated with vascular involvement and metastasis. We conclude that determining the seropositivity for HCMV and detection of HCMV gB DNA in the breast tumors could identify breast cancer patients more likely to develop metastatic cancer and warrant special treatment.
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Dimitrova L, Kaleva M, Zaharieva MM, Stoykova C, Tsvetkova I, Angelovska M, Ilieva Y, Kussovski V, Naydenska S, Najdenski H. Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Swine Faeces and Lagoons in Bulgaria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080940. [PMID: 34438990 PMCID: PMC8388900 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide health problem affecting humans, animals, and the environment within the framework of the “One Health” concept. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic strains of the species Escherichia coli (E. coli), their AMR profile, and biofilm-forming potential. The isolated strains from three swine faeces and free lagoons (ISO 16654:2001/Amd 1:2017) were confirmed using Phoenix M50 and 16S rDNA PCR. The antibiotic sensitivity to 34 clinically applied antibiotics was determined by Phoenix M50 and the disc diffusion method, according to the protocols of the CLSI and EUCAST. We confirmed the presence of 16 E. coli isolates, of which 87.5% were multi-drug-resistant and 31.25% performed strong biofilms. The possibility for the carrying and transmission of antibiotic-resistance genes to quinolones (qnr), aminoglycosides (aac(3)), β-lactamase-producing plasmid genes ampC, and blaSHV/blaTEM was investigated. We confirmed the carrying of blaSHV/blaTEM in one and ampC in seven isolates. The strains were negative for the virulence genes (ETEC (LT, STa, and F4), EPEC (eae), and STEC/VTEC (stx and stx2all)). The results should contribute to the development of effective measures for limitation and control on the use of antibiotics, which is a key point in the WHO action plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Dimitrova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-2979-3161
| | - Mila Kaleva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Maya M. Zaharieva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Christina Stoykova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Iva Tsvetkova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Maya Angelovska
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Yana Ilieva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Vesselin Kussovski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Sevda Naydenska
- University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment Alexandrovska, Medical University, 1 Georgy Sofiiski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Hristo Najdenski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
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Mackuľak T, Gál M, Špalková V, Fehér M, Briestenská K, Mikušová M, Tomčíková K, Tamáš M, Butor Škulcová A. Wastewater-Based Epidemiology as an Early Warning System for the Spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Mutations in the Population. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:5629. [PMID: 34070320 PMCID: PMC8197469 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New methodologies based on the principle of "sewage epidemiology" have been successfully applied before in the detection of illegal drugs. The study describes the idea of early detection of a virus, e.g., SARS-CoV-2, in wastewater in order to focus on the area of virus occurrence and supplement the results obtained from clinical examination. By monitoring temporal variation in viral loads in wastewater in combination with other analysis, a virus outbreak can be detected and its spread can be suppressed early. The use of biosensors for virus detection also seems to be an interesting application. Biosensors are highly sensitive, selective, and portable and offer a way for fast analysis. This manuscript provides an overview of the current situation in the area of wastewater analysis, including genetic sequencing regarding viral detection and the technological solution of an early warning system for wastewater monitoring based on biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Mackuľak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.F.); (M.T.); (A.B.Š.)
| | - Miroslav Gál
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.G.); (V.Š.)
| | - Viera Špalková
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.G.); (V.Š.)
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fehér
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.F.); (M.T.); (A.B.Š.)
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.G.); (V.Š.)
| | - Katarína Briestenská
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.B.); (M.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Miriam Mikušová
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.B.); (M.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Karolína Tomčíková
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.B.); (M.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Michal Tamáš
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.F.); (M.T.); (A.B.Š.)
| | - Andrea Butor Škulcová
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.F.); (M.T.); (A.B.Š.)
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de Almeida Júnior JN, Ibrahim KY, Del Negro GMB, Bezerra ED, Duarte Neto AN, Batista MV, Siciliano RF, Giudice MC, Motta AL, Rossi F, Pierrotti LC, Freire MP, Bellesso M, Pereira J, Abdala E, Benard G. Rhizopus arrhizus and Fusarium solani Concomitant Infection in an Immunocompromised Host. Mycopathologia 2015; 181:125-9. [PMID: 26346377 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neutropenic patients are at risk of the development of hyalohyphomycosis and mucormycosis. Correct identification is essential for the initiation of the specific treatment, but concomitant mold infections are rarely reported. We report one unprecedented case of concomitant mucormycosis and fusariosis in a neutropenic patient with acute myeloid leukemia. The patient developed rhino-orbital infection by Rhizopus arrhizus and disseminated infection by Fusarium solani. The first culture from a sinus biopsy grew Rhizopus, which was consistent with the histopathology report of mucormycosis. A second sinus biopsy collected later during the patient's clinical deterioration was reported as hyalohyphomycosis, and the culture yielded F. solani. Due to the discordant reports, the second biopsy was reviewed and two hyphae types suggestive of both hyalohyphomycetes and mucormycetes were found. The dual mold infection was confirmed by PCR assays from paraffinized tissue sections. Increased awareness of the existence of dual mold infections in at-risk patients is necessary. PCR methods in tissue sections may increase the diagnosis of dual mold infections. In case of sequential biopsies showing discrepant results, mixed infections have to be suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- João N de Almeida Júnior
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology (LIM-53), Division of Dermatology Clinic, Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP and Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Central Laboratory Division (LIM-03), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Karim Y Ibrahim
- Infection Control Division, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilda M B Del Negro
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology (LIM-53), Division of Dermatology Clinic, Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP and Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandro D Bezerra
- Hemathology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amaro N Duarte Neto
- Pathology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marjorie V Batista
- Infectious Diseases Division, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo F Siciliano
- Cardiology Institute, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro C Giudice
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology (LIM-53), Division of Dermatology Clinic, Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP and Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana L Motta
- Central Laboratory Division (LIM-03), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Flávia Rossi
- Central Laboratory Division (LIM-03), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ligia C Pierrotti
- Infection Control Division, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maristela P Freire
- Infection Control Division, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bellesso
- Hemathology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira
- Hemathology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Abdala
- Infection Control Division, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Infectious Diseases Division, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gil Benard
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology (LIM-53), Division of Dermatology Clinic, Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP and Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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