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The regulatory and modulatory roles of TRP family channels in malignant tumors and relevant therapeutic strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1761-1780. [PMID: 35847486 PMCID: PMC9279634 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are one primary type of calcium (Ca2+) permeable channels, and those relevant transmembrane and intracellular TRP channels were previously thought to be mainly associated with the regulation of cardiovascular and neuronal systems. Nowadays, however, accumulating evidence shows that those TRP channels are also responsible for tumorigenesis and progression, inducing tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the overall underlying mechanisms and possible signaling transduction pathways that TRP channels in malignant tumors might still remain elusive. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the linkage between TRP channels and the significant characteristics of tumors such as multi-drug resistance (MDR), metastasis, apoptosis, proliferation, immune surveillance evasion, and the alterations of relevant tumor micro-environment. Moreover, we also have discussed the expression of relevant TRP channels in various forms of cancer and the relevant inhibitors' efficacy. The chemo-sensitivity of the anti-cancer drugs of various acting mechanisms and the potential clinical applications are also presented. Furthermore, it would be enlightening to provide possible novel therapeutic approaches to counteract malignant tumors regarding the intervention of calcium channels of this type.
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Key Words
- 4α-PDD, 4α-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate
- ABCB, ATP-binding cassette B1
- AKT, protein kinase B
- ALA, alpha lipoic acid
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- APB, aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- CBD, cannabidiol
- CRAC, Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel
- CaR, calcium-sensing receptor
- CaSR, calcium sensing receptor
- Cancer progression
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DBTRG, Denver Brain Tumor Research Group
- ECFC, endothelial colony-forming cells
- ECM, enhanced extracellular matrix
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- ETS, erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog
- FAK, focal adhesion kinase
- GADD, growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene
- GC, gastric cancer
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor
- GSC, glioma stem-like cells
- GSK, glycogen synthase kinase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HIF, hypoxia-induced factor
- HSC, hematopoietic stem cells
- IP3R, inositol triphosphate receptor
- Intracellular mechanism
- KO, knockout
- LOX, lipoxygenase
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LRP, lipoprotein receptor-related protein
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MLKL, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinases
- NEDD4, neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4
- NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T-cells
- NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
- NO, nitro oxide
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PCa, prostate cancer
- PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- PHD, prolyl hydroxylases
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PKD, polycystic kidney disease
- PLC, phospholipase C
- Programmed cancer cell death
- RNS/ROS, reactive nitrogen species/reactive oxygen species
- RTX, resiniferatoxin
- SMAD, Caenorhabditis elegans protein (Sma) and mothers against decapentaplegic (Mad)
- SOCE, store operated calcium entry
- SOR, soricimed
- STIM1, stromal interaction molecules 1
- TEC, tumor endothelial cells
- TGF, transforming growth factor-β
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- TRP channels
- TRPA/C/M/ML/N/P/V, transient receptor potential ankyrin/canonical/melastatin/mucolipon/NOMPC/polycystin/vanilloid
- Targeted tumor therapy
- Tumor microenvironment
- Tumor-associated immunocytes
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide
- VPAC, vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor subtype
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- pFRG/RTN, parafacial respiratory group/retrotrapezoid nucleus
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Interrater agreement of contouring of the neurovascular bundles and internal pudendal arteries in neurovascular-sparing magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2021; 32:29-34. [PMID: 34825071 PMCID: PMC8605225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interrater DSC of the NVB was 0.60 and 0.61 for the left and right side respectively. Interrater DSC of the IPA was 0.59 for the left and right side. Agreement was best for the inferior half (i.e. prostate apex to midgland) of the NVB. Agreement improved with MRI optimization and rater training.
Background and purpose Radiation damage to neural and vascular tissue, such as the neurovascular bundles (NVBs) and internal pudendal arteries (IPAs), during radiotherapy for prostate cancer (PCa) may cause erectile dysfunction. Neurovascular-sparing magnetic resonance-guided adaptive radiotherapy (MRgRT) aims to preserve erectile function after treatment. However, the NVBs and IPAs are not routinely contoured in current radiotherapy practice. Before neurovascular-sparing MRgRT for PCa can be implemented, the interrater agreement of the contouring of the NVBs and IPAs on pre-treatment MRI needs to be assessed. Materials and methods Four radiation oncologists independently contoured the prostate, NVB, and IPA in an unselected consecutive series of 15 PCa patients, on pre-treatment MRI. Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) for pairwise interrater agreement of contours were calculated. Additionally, the DCS of a subset of the inferior half of the NVB contours (i.e. approximately prostate midgland to apex level) was calculated. Results Median overall interrater DSC for the left and right NVB was 0.60 (IQR: 0.54 – 0.68) and 0.61 (IQR: 0.53 – 0.69) respectively and for the left and right IPA 0.59 (IQR: 0.53 – 0.64) and 0.59 (IQR: 0.52 – 0.64) respectively. Median overall interrater DSC for the inferior half of the left NVB was 0.67 (IQR: 0.58 – 0.74) and 0.67 (IQR: 0.61 – 0.71) for the right NVB. Conclusion We found that the interrater agreement for the contouring of the NVB and IPA improved with enhancement of the MRI sequence as well as further training of the raters. The agreement was best in the subset of the inferior half of the NVB, where a good agreement is clinically most relevant for neurovascular-sparing MRgRT for PCa.
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Key Words
- CC, corpus cavernosum
- CT, computed tomography
- DSC, Dice similarity coefficient
- EBRT, external beam radiation therapy
- Erectile function sparing
- GRRAS, Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies
- Gy, gray
- IPA, internal pudendal artery
- IQR, interquartile range
- Internal pudendal artery (IPA)
- Interrater agreement
- Localized prostate cancer (PCa)
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MRgRT, magnetic resonance-guided adaptive radiotherapy
- Magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT)
- NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network
- NVB, neurovascular bundle
- Neurovascular bundle (NVB)
- Neurovascular-sparing
- OAR, organs at risk
- PB, penile bulb
- PCa, prostate cancer
- PTV, planning target volume
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MicroRNA-regulated transcriptome analysis identifies four major subtypes with prognostic and therapeutic implications in prostate cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4941-4953. [PMID: 34527198 PMCID: PMC8433071 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) deregulation plays a critical role in the heterogeneous development of prostate cancer (PCa) by tuning mRNA levels. Herein, we aimed to characterize the molecular features of PCa by clustering the miRNA-regulated transcriptome with non-negative matrix factorization. Using 478 PCa samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas, four molecular subtypes (S-I, S-II, S-III, and S-IV) were identified and validated in two merged microarray and RNAseq datasets with 656 and 252 samples, respectively. Interestingly, the four subtypes showed distinct clinical and biological features after comprehensive analyses of clinical features, multiomic profiles, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity. S-I is basal/stem/mesenchymal-like and immune-excluded with marked transforming growth factor β, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and hypoxia signals, increased sensitivity to olaparib, and intermediate prognosis. S-II is luminal/metabolism-active and responsive to androgen deprivation therapy with frequent TMPRSS2-ERG fusion and a good prognosis. S-III is characterized by moderate proliferative and metabolic activity, sensitivity to taxane-based chemotherapy, and intermediate prognosis. S-IV is highly proliferative with moderate EMT and stemness, frequent deletions of TP53, PTEN and RB, and the poorest prognosis; it is also immune-inflamed and sensitive to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Overall, based on miRNA-regulated gene profiles, this study identified four distinct PCa subtypes that could improve risk stratification at diagnosis and provide therapeutic guidance.
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Key Words
- ADT, androgen deprivation therapy
- AR, androgen receptor
- AUC, Area under the dose-response curve
- BCR, biochemical recurrence
- CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CCLs, cancer cell lines
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4
- DEmiRs, differentially expressed miRNAs
- DFS, disease-free survival
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GEO, Gene Expression Omnibus
- GEP, gene expression profile
- GO, Gene Ontology
- GSEA, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
- Heterogeneity
- ICB, immune checkpoint blockade
- IFN, interferon
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- MIRcor, miRNA-correlated
- Molecular subtypes
- NEPC, neuroendocrine prostate cancer
- NMF, non-negative matrix factorization
- NTP, Nearest template prediction
- OS, overall survival
- PCa, prostate cancer
- PD-1, programmed cell death protein-1
- PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1
- Prostate cancer
- SCNAs, somatic copy number alterations
- SubMap, Subclass mapping
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TMB, tumor mutation burden
- TNAs, tumor neoantigens
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- k-NN, K-nearest neighbor
- mCRPC, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
- miRNAs
- miRNAs, microRNAs
- ssGSEA, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis
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Prostate cancer featuring a unique progression pattern: A case of prominent direct perineal invasion without definite metastasis. Urol Case Rep 2021; 39:101779. [PMID: 34345591 PMCID: PMC8319353 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2021.101779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced prostate cancer can extend into the pelvis, and can also invade the bladder and rectum. We encountered a patient with prostate cancer that exhibited severe local invasion, protruding into the perineum. Distant metastasis was absent, despite the large tumor size. The tumor bled and caused difficulty sitting and standing, compromising the patient's quality of life. Total pelvic exenteration and chemotherapy were considered, but the patient's general condition rendered these therapies inappropriate. However, of the limited treatment options available given the patient's condition, palliative irradiation of the protruding region proved effective. Prostate cancer invaded the perineum without distant metastasis. Radiation therapy shrank the tumor; hormonal therapy was ineffective. Tumor progression was rapid and the prognosis was poor.
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A facile and universal method to achieve liposomal remote loading of non-ionizable drugs with outstanding safety profiles and therapeutic effect. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:258-270. [PMID: 33532191 PMCID: PMC7838024 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes have made remarkable achievements as drug delivery vehicles in the clinic. Liposomal products mostly benefited from remote drug loading techniques that succeeded in amphipathic and/or ionizable drugs, but seemed impracticable for nonionizable and poorly water-soluble therapeutic agents, thereby impeding extensive promising drugs to hitchhike liposomal vehicles for disease therapy. In this study, a series of weak acid drug derivatives were designed by a simplistic one step synthesis, which could be remotely loaded into liposomes by pH gradient method. Cabazitaxel (CTX) weak acid derivatives were selected to evaluate regarding its safety profiles, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics. CTX weak acid derivative liposomes were superior to Jevtana® in terms of safety profiles, including systemic toxicity, hematological toxicity, and potential central nerve toxicity. Specifically, it was demonstrated that liposomes had capacity to weaken potential toxicity of CTX on cortex and hippocampus neurons. Significant advantages of CTX weak acid derivative-loaded liposomes were achieved in prostate cancer and metastatic cancer therapy resulting from higher safety and elevated tolerated doses.
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Key Words
- AUC0‒t, area under the curve
- CR, creatinine
- CTX, cabazitaxel
- Cabazitaxel
- Cancer
- Chol, cholesterol
- DA, trans-2-butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
- DA-CTX, cabazitaxel trans-2-butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid derivate
- DSPC, 1,2-dioctadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phophocholine
- DSPE-PEG2000, 2-distearoyl-snglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methyl(polyethylene glycol)-2000
- EE, encapsulation efficiency
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- GA, glutaric anhydride
- GA-CTX, cabazitaxel glutaric acid derivate
- Lung metastasis
- MED, minimum effective dose
- MPS, mononuclear phagocyte system
- MTD, maximum tolerated dose
- Non-ionizable drugs
- PCa, prostate cancer
- PSA, prostate-specific antigen
- Remote loading liposome
- SA, succinic anhydride
- SA-CTX, cabazitaxel succinic acid derivate
- Safety
- TI, therapeutic index
- Tolerated doses
- Weak acid derivatives
- lipo DA-CTX, DA-CTX liposome
- lipo GA-CTX, GA-CTX liposome
- lipo SA-CTX, SA-CTX liposome
- mCRPCa, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
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Combined α-methylacyl-CoA racemase inhibition and docetaxel treatment reduce cell proliferation and decrease expression of heat shock protein 27 in androgen receptor-variant-7-positive prostate cancer cells. Prostate Int 2020; 9:18-24. [PMID: 33912510 PMCID: PMC8053692 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disease progression in castrate-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) is most commonly driven by the reactivation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling and involves AR splice variants including ARV7. Materials and methods We used the ARV7-positive PCa cell line, 22Rv1, to study the relationship of the PCa marker α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), AR, and ARV7 in PCa. Results Docetaxel addition but not AMACR inhibition decreased the proliferation of 22Rv1 cells. The combination of AMACR inhibition and docetaxel treatment resulted in a maximum reduction of cell proliferation. The Western blotting analysis revealed that both AR and ARV7 expression were significantly decreased with the use of charcoal-stripped serum following AMACR inhibition and docetaxel treatment. AMACR inhibition and docetaxel treatment in the charcoal-stripped serum condition reduced the proliferation of 22Rv1, possibly via the downregulation of the heat shock protein 27. Conclusion Using cell proliferation and Western blot analysis, we demonstrated that AMACR inhibition and docetaxel treatment, under androgen deprivation conditions, significantly reduced the proliferation of ARV7 positive cancer cells and decreased the levels of AR and ARV7 expression, possibly via downregulation of heat shock protein 27.
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A prospective study of oral 5-aminolevulinic acid to prevent adverse events in patients with localized prostate cancer undergoing low-dose-rate brachytherapy: Protocol of the AMBER study. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 19:100593. [PMID: 32637724 PMCID: PMC7327239 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is one of the most frequently selected treatment options for patients with prostate cancer. However, adverse effects related to the irradiated surrounding normal organs are significant clinical concerns. Specifically, genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicities can lead to a dramatically reduced quality of life. The aim of this clinical trial is to determine the efficacy of oral 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) phosphate with sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) in patients treated with low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) using an iodine-125 seed source. Methods The AMBER study is a prospective, single-center trial in patients with localized prostate cancer undergoing LDR-BT. Patients who undergo supplementary extra-beam radiotherapy are excluded, whereas those who undergo pre-implantation short-term (4–6 months) androgen deprivation therapy to decrease the prostate volume and/or improve oncological outcomes are included. After the screening and registration, the patients will be instructed to take capsules of ALA-SFC twice a day (200 mg and 229.42 mg per day) for 6 months from the day of seed implantation (prescribed radiation dose of 160 Gy). Patient data will be collected before the implantation; during oral ALA-SFC treatment; and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 month(s) after seed implantation. The primary endpoint of this trial is the urinary frequency 3 months after seed implantation. At each visit, the 24-h urinary frequency, total voided volume, and mean voided volume on a frequency volume chart and other patient-reported outcomes are recorded. The data of the trial cases will be compared with those of historical controls, who are consecutive patients undergoing LDR-BT without supplementary extra-beam radiotherapy between January 2016 and January 2019. The number of subjects has been set to be 50 for trial cases and 150 for the historical control cases. Pre- and post-treatment clinicopathologic factors are compared between two groups. Discussion The goal of this trial is to determine the potential benefit of ALA-SFC in patients who undergo LDR-BT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the potential clinical benefit of oral ALA-SFC after radiotherapy. More evidence from a further randomized controlled trial is needed to change the standard of care and lead to better post-radiotherapy management. Trial registration This clinical trial was prospectively registered with the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials on 5 December 2019. The reference number is jRCTs051190077, nara0013 (Certified Review Board of Nara Medical University).
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Key Words
- 5-Aminolevulinic acid
- ALA, 5-aminolevulinic acid
- Adverse event
- CTCAE, Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events
- EBRT, extra-beam radiotherapy
- EPIC, Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GU, genitourinary
- I-125, iodine-125
- IPSS, International Prostate Symptom Score
- J-POPS, Japanese nationwide prospective cohort study
- LDR-BT, low-dose-rate brachytherapy
- Low-dose-rate brachytherapy
- OABSS, overactive bladder symptom score
- PCa, prostate cancer
- PRO, patient reported outcome
- PSA, prostate-specific antigen
- Prostate cancer
- QOL, quality of life
- Radioprotection
- Radiotherapy
- SFC, sodium ferrous citrate
- SHIM, Sexual Health Inventory for Men
- Urinary frequency
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Differentiation of prostate cancer lesions in the Transition Zone by diffusion-weighted MRI. Eur J Radiol Open 2017; 4:123-128. [PMID: 29034282 PMCID: PMC5633348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To differentiate prostate cancer lesions in transition zone by diffusion-weighted-MRI (DW-MRI). Methods Data from a total of 63 patients who underwent preoperative DWI (b of 0–1000 s/mm2) were prospectively collected and processed by a monoexponential (DWI) model and compared with a biexponential (IVIM) model for quantitation of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs), perfusion fraction f, diffusivity D and pseudo-diffusivity D*. Histogram analyses were performed by outlining entire-tumor regions of interest (ROIs). These parameters (separately and combined in a logistic regression model) were used to differentiate lesions depending on histopathological analysis of Magnetic Resonance/transrectal Ultrasound (MR/TRUS) fusion-guided biopsy. The diagnostic ability of differentiate the PCa from BHP in TZ was analyzed by ROC regression. Histogram analysis of quantitative parameters and Gleason score were assessed with Spearman correlation. Results Thirty (30 foci) cases of PCa in PZ and 33 (36 foci) cases of BPH were confirmed by pathology. Mean ADC, median ADC, 10th percentile ADC, 90th percentile ADC, kurtosis and skewness of ADC and mean D values, median D and 90th percentile D differed significantly between PCa and BHP in TZ. The highest classification accuracy was achieved by the mean ADC (0.841) and mean D (0.809). A logistic regression model based on mean ADC and mean D led to an AUC of 0.873, however, the difference is not significant. There were 7 Gleason 6 areas, 9 Gleason 7 areas, 8 Gleason 8 areas, 5 Gleason 9 areas and 2 Gleason 10 areas detected from the 31 prostate cancer areas, the mean Gleason value was(7.5 ± 1.2). The mean ADC and mean D had correlation with Gleason score(r = −0.522 and r = −0.407 respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusion The diagnosis efficiency of IVIM parameters was not superior to ADC in the diagnosis of PCa in TZ. Moreover, the combination of mean ADC and mean D did not perform better than the parameters alone significantly; It is feasible to stratify the pathological grade of prostate cancer by mean ADC.
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Key Words
- ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient
- AUC, Area under the curve
- DCE, dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
- DWI
- DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging
- IVIM
- IVIM, intravoxel incoherent motion
- MR/TRUS
- MR/TRUS, magnetic resonance/transrectal ultrasound
- MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- PCa, prostate cancer
- PZ, peripheral zone
- Prostate biopsy
- Prostate cancer
- ROI, region of interest
- T1-VIBE, T1-weighted volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination
- T1WI, T1-weighed imaging
- T2WI, T2-weighted imaging
- TZ, transition zone
- Transition zone
- mpMRI, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging
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Prognostic correlation of cell cycle progression score and Ki-67 as a predictor of aggressiveness, biochemical failure, and mortality in men with high-risk prostate cancer treated with external beam radiation therapy. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2017; 22:251-257. [PMID: 28479874 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ki-67 is a proliferation marker in prostate cancer. A prognostic RNA signature was developed to characterize prostate cancer aggressiveness. The aim was to evaluate prognostic correlation of CCP and Ki-67 with biochemical failure (BF), and survival in high-risk prostate cancer patients (pts) treated with radiation therapy (RT). METHODS CCP score and Ki-67 were derived retrospectively from pre-treatment paraffin-embedded prostate cancer tissue of 33 men diagnosed from 2002 to 2006. CCP score was calculated as an average expression of 31 CCP genes. Ki-67 was determined by IHC. Single pathologist evaluated all tissues. Factors associated to failure and survival were analyzed. RESULTS Median CCP score was 0.9 (-0-1 - 2.6). CCP 0: 1 pt; CCP 1: 19 pts; CCP 2: 13 pts. Median Ki-67 was 8.9. Ki-67 cutpoint was 15.08%. BF and DSM were observed in 21% and 9%. Ki-67 ≥ 15% predicted BF (p = 0.043). With a median follow-up of 8.4 years, 10-year BF, OS, DM and DSM for CCP 1 vs. CCP 2 was 76-71% (p = 0.83), 83-73% (p = 0.86), 89-85% (p = 0.84), and 94-78% (p = 0.66). On univariate, high Ki-67 was correlated with BF (p = 0.013), OS (p = 0.023), DM (p = 0.007), and DSM (p = 0.01). On Cox MVA, high Ki-67 had a BF trend (p = 0.063). High CCP score was not correlated with DSM. CONCLUSIONS High Ki-67 significantly predicted outcome and provided prognostic information. CCP score may improve accuracy stratification. We did not provide prognostic correlation of CCP and DSM. It should be validated in a larger cohort of pts.
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Key Words
- ADT, androgen deprivation therapy
- Biomarkers
- CCP genes
- CCP, cell cycle progression
- CSS, cause-specific survival
- CTCv3.0, common terminology criteria for adverse events
- CTV, clinical target volume
- DFS, disease-free survival
- DMFS, distant metastasis free survival
- FFbF, freedom from biochemical failure
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GU, genitourinary
- Gy, gray
- HE, hematoxylin and eosin
- IHC, immunohistochemical
- Ki-67
- OS, overall survival
- PCa, prostate cancer
- PSA, prostate specific antigen
- Prostate cancer
- RT, radiation therapy
- pts, patients
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Prostate-specific antigen reduction after empiric antibiotic treatment does not rule out biopsy in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms: prospective, controlled, single-center study. Prostate Int 2017; 5:59-64. [PMID: 28593168 PMCID: PMC5448721 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate men, with lower urinary tract symptoms and newly elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) to determine whether a three-week course of ciprofloxacin antibiotics lowers serum PSA levels and affects recommendations for prostate biopsy. Methods A prospective, controlled, single-center prospective trial of 177 men with a newly elevated PSA and lower urinary tract symptoms was conducted. Patients were randomized to three weeks of ciprofloxacin or observation. After three weeks, patients PSA levels and derivatives were repeated. At the end of 3 weeks, all patients underwent TRUS guided systematic 12-core prostate biopsies regardless of the final PSA value. Results Of 177 men who completed the study, 88 were in the treatment and 89 in the observation group. 46.5% of treatment and %18 of control groups patients PSA levels had decreased after 3 weeks and a significant PSA reduction was observed in the treatment group compare to control group (p: 0.035) but no significant prostate cancer detection rates were observed between the groups (p: 0.418). Also, in the treatment group prostate cancer detection rate was significantly higher in patients whom PSA levels were decreased (p: 0.011). Conclusion This study has shown that, use empirical antibiotic treatment decreased the PSA levels but did not have any effect on prostate cancer detection. In addition, prostate cancer detection rates were found to be higher in patients with reduced PSA levels after treatment. Therefore, it may not be safe to rule out biopsies in patients who achieve a satisfactory PSA response to antibiotics.
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An Explanatory Case on the Limitations of Lymph Node Staging in Recurrent Prostate Cancer. Urol Case Rep 2017; 12:34-36. [PMID: 28462154 PMCID: PMC5408758 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the case of a 54-year-old man with nodal recurrence prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy, salvage external-beam radiotherapy and salvage lymph node dissection. The patient was evaluated with a lymphotropic ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO)-MRI and a 68Ga radiolabelled prostate specific membrane antigen (Ga68-PSMA) PET-CT scan which enhanced persistent localized nodal disease. The patient was then considered for a second robot-assisted extended S-LND. Differently from preoperative imaging, pathology report revealed a wide nodal involvement mirroring a metastatic disease. The current manuscript is an explanatory case on the limitations of lymph node imaging in prostate cancer recurrence.
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Gross Findings of Widespread Visceral Metastasis of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma With Neuroendocrine Features: A Case Report. Urol Case Rep 2016; 8:49-51. [PMID: 27489779 PMCID: PMC4963249 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although prostate cancer is common in the western world and is associated with favorable overall survival, neuroendocrine prostate cancer is difficult to detect and is known to aggressively metastasize throughout the body. This subset of disease thus has a poor prognosis, and early detection and treatment of neuroendocrine prostate cancer may increase overall survival. We present a case of a now deceased 63 year old male with extensive epicardial, respiratory, hepato-bilary, adrenal, genitourinary, and osseous tissue metastasis.
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