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Labuda R, Bacher M, Rosenau T, Gasparotto E, Gratzl H, Doppler M, Sulyok M, Kubátová A, Berger H, Cank K, Raja HA, Oberlies NH, Schüller C, Strauss J. Polyphasic Approach Utilized for the Identification of Two New Toxigenic Members of Penicillium Section Exilicaulis, P. krskae and P. silybi spp. nov. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:557. [PMID: 34356936 PMCID: PMC8307998 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species, Penicillium krskae (isolated from the air as a lab contaminant in Tulln (Austria, EU)) and Penicillium silybi (isolated as an endophyte from asymptomatic milk thistle (Silybum marianum) stems from Josephine County (Oregon, USA)) are described. The new taxa are well supported by phenotypic (especially conidial ornamentation under SEM, production of red exudate and red pigments), physiological (growth at 37 °C, response to cycloheximide and CREA), chemotaxonomic (production of specific extrolites), and multilocus phylogenetic analysis using RNA-polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), partial tubulin (benA), and calmodulin (CaM). Both new taxa are resolved within the section Exilicaulis in series Restricta and show phylogenetic affiliation to P. restrictum sensu stricto. They produce a large spectrum of toxic anthraquinoid pigments, namely, monomeric anthraquinones related to emodic and chloremodic acids and other interesting bioactive extrolites (i.e., endocrocin, paxilline, pestalotin, and 7-hydroxypestalotin). Of note, two bianthraquinones (i.e., skyrin and oxyskyrin) were detected in a culture extract of P. silybi. Two new chloroemodic acid derivatives (2-chloro-isorhodoptilometrin and 2-chloro-desmethyldermoquinone) isolated from the exudate of P. krskae ex-type culture were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Labuda
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (E.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Markus Bacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (M.B.); (T.R.)
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (M.B.); (T.R.)
| | - Erika Gasparotto
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (E.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Hannes Gratzl
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.G.); (M.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Doppler
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.G.); (M.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.G.); (M.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Alena Kubátová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Culture Collection of Fungi (CCF) Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Harald Berger
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resurces and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Kristof Cank
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA; (K.C.); (H.A.R.); (N.H.O.)
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA; (K.C.); (H.A.R.); (N.H.O.)
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA; (K.C.); (H.A.R.); (N.H.O.)
| | - Christoph Schüller
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resurces and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.B.); (C.S.)
- Core Facility Bioactive Molecules: Screening and Analysis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria
| | - Joseph Strauss
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (E.G.); (J.S.)
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resurces and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.B.); (C.S.)
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