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Wei X, Li L, Zhao J, Huo Y, Hu X, Lu J, Pi J, Zhang W, Xu L, Yao Y, Xu J. BAP31 depletion inhibited adipogenesis, repressed lipolysis and promoted lipid droplets abnormal growth via attenuating Perilipin1 proteasomal degradation. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:1713-1730. [PMID: 37063427 PMCID: PMC10092757 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.82178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BAP31 expression was robustly decreased in obese white adipose tissue (WAT). To investigate the roles of BAP31 in lipid metabolism, adipocyte-specific conditional knockout mice (BAP31-ASKO) were generated. BAP31-ASKO mice grow normally as controls, but exhibited reduced lipid accumulation in WAT. Histomorphometric analysis reported increased adipocyte size in BAP31-ASKO mice. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were induced to differentiation to adipocytes, showed reduced induction of adipogenic markers and attenuated adipogenesis in BAP31-deficient MEFs. BAP31-deficiency inhibited fasting-induced PKA signaling activation and the fasting response. β3-adrenergic receptor agonist-induced lipolysis also was reduced, accompanied by reduced free-fatty acids and glycerol release, and impaired agonist-induced lipolysis from primary adipocytes and adipose explants. BAP31 interacts with Perilipin1 via C-terminal cytoplasmic portion on lipid droplets (LDs) surface. Depletion of BAP31 repressed Perilipin1 proteasomal degradation, enhanced Perilipin1 expression and blocked LDs degradation, which promoted LDs abnormal growth and supersized LDs formation, resulted in adipocyte expansion, thus impaired insulin signaling and aggravated pro-inflammation in WAT. BAP31-deficiency increased phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio, long chain triglycerides and most phospholipids contents. Overall, BAP31-deficiency inhibited adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in WAT, decreased LDs degradation and promoted LDs abnormal growth, pointing the critical roles in modulating LDs dynamics and homeostasis via proteasomal degradation system in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Liya Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Huo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Lisheng Xu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Yudong Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Jialin Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
- ✉ Corresponding author: Jialin Xu, Ph. D., Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China Phone: (+86) 2483656117, E-mail:
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Srivastava RAK, Hurley TR, Oniciu D, Adeli K, Newton RS. Discovery of analogues of non-β oxidizable long-chain dicarboxylic fatty acids as dual inhibitors of fatty acids and cholesterol synthesis: Efficacy of lead compound in hyperlipidemic hamsters reveals novel mechanism. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2490-2506. [PMID: 34172319 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholesterol and triglycerides are risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease. Therefore, appropriate cells and assays are required to discover and develop dual cholesterol and fatty acid inhibitors. A predictive hyperlipidemic animal model is needed to evaluate mechanism of action of lead molecule for therapeutic indications. METHODS AND RESULTS Primary hepatocytes from rat, hamster, rabbit, and humans were compared for suitability to screen compounds by de novo lipogenesis (DNL) using14C-acetate. Hyperlipidemic hamsters were used to evaluate efficacy and mode of action. In rat hepatocytes DNL assay, both the central moiety and carbon chain length influenced the potency of lipogenesis inhibition. In hyperlipidemic hamsters, ETC-1002 decreased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides by 41% and 49% at the 30 mg/kg dose. Concomitant decreases in non-esterified fatty acids (-34%) and increases in ketone bodies (20%) were associated with induction of hepatic CPT1-α. Reductions in proatherogenic VLDL-C and LDL-C (-71% and -64%) occurred partly through down-regulation of DGAT2 and up-regulation of LPL and PDK4. Activation of PLIN1 and PDK4 dampened adipogenesis and showed inverse correlation with adipose mass. Hepatic concentrations of cholesteryl ester and TG decreased by 67% and 64%, respectively. Body weight decreased with concomitant decreases in epididymal fat. Plasma and liver concentrations of ETC-1002 agreed with the observed dose-response efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, ETC-1002 reduced proatherogenic lipoproteins, hepatic lipids and adipose tissues in hyperlipidemic hamsters via induction of LPL, CPT1-α, PDK4, and PLIN1, and downregulation of DGAT2. These characteristics may be useful in the treatment of fatty livers that causes non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Yamamoto K, Miyoshi H, Cho KY, Nakamura A, Greenberg AS, Atsumi T. Overexpression of perilipin1 protects against atheroma progression in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Atherosclerosis 2018; 269:192-196. [PMID: 29407594 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Perilipin1 (PLIN1), a lipid droplet-associated protein, plays an important role in the regulation of lipolysis and lipid storage in adipocytes. PLIN1 has recently been reported to be expressed in macrophages within atheroma plaques, suggesting PLIN1 may play a role in the accumulation of lipids at the arterial wall and in the development of atherosclerosis. To clarify the role of PLIN1 in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, we assessed the progression of atherosclerosis in PLIN1 transgenic mice (Plin1Tg). METHODS Plin1Tg were crossed with apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoeKO). C57BL/6J mice, ApoeKO and Plin1Tg/ApoeKO received a normal chow diet for 20 weeks. Body weight, gonadal fat mass and plasma lipid concentrations were measured. Aortas were collected for quantification of atheroma lesions and histological analysis by Oil Red O staining. RESULTS Body weight, gonadal adipose mass and plasma triglyceride concentrations were not significantly different among the three groups. In contrast, the atherosclerotic lesion area was significantly increased in ApoeKO (14.2 ± 3.2%; p < .01) compared with C57BL/6J mice (3.3 ± 1.2%) and Plin1Tg/ApoeKO (5.6 ± 1.9%). CONCLUSIONS Overexpressed PLIN1 in macrophages had a protected role against atheroma progression in ApoeKO in the absence of changes in gonadal fat mass or plasma lipid levels, presumably due to modification of the stability and/or inflammatory profile of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyu Yong Cho
- Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Liu YY, Ayers S, Milanesi A, Teng X, Rabi S, Akiba Y, Brent GA. Thyroid hormone receptor sumoylation is required for preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7402-15. [PMID: 25572392 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.600312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) play an essential role in metabolic regulation. However, the role of TR in adipogenesis has not been established. We reported previously that TR sumoylation is essential for TR-mediated gene regulation and that mutation of either of the two sites in TRα or any of the three sites in TRβ reduces TR sumoylation. Here, we transfected TR sumoylation site mutants into human primary preadiocytes and the mouse 3T3L1 preadipocyte cell line to determine the role of TR sumoylation in adipogenesis. Reduced sumoylation of TRα or TRβ resulted in fewer and smaller lipid droplets and reduced proliferation of preadipocytes. TR sumoylation mutations, compared with wild-type TR, results in reduced C/EBP expression and reduced PPARγ2 mRNA and protein levels. TR sumoylation mutants recruited NCoR and disrupted PPARγ-mediated perilipin1 (Plin1) gene expression, associated with impaired lipid droplet formation. Expression of NCoRΔID, a mutant NCoR lacking the TR interaction domain, partially "rescued" the delayed adipogenesis and restored Plin1 gene expression and adipogenesis. TR sumoylation site mutants impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and the proliferation of primary human preadipocytes. Expression of the TRβ K146Q sumoylation site mutant down-regulated the essential genes required for canonical Wnt signal-mediated proliferation, including Wnt ligands, Fzds, β-catenin, LEF1, and CCND1. Additionally, the TRβ K146Q mutant enhanced the canonical Wnt signaling inhibitor Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1). Our data demonstrate that TR sumoylation is required for activation of the Wnt canonical signaling pathway during preadipocyte proliferation and enhances the PPARγ signaling that promotes differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yun Liu
- From the Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90073,
| | - Stephen Ayers
- the Genomic Medicine Program, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Anna Milanesi
- From the Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Xiaochun Teng
- the Institute of Endocrinology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Sina Rabi
- From the Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Ysutada Akiba
- From the Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Gregory A Brent
- From the Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90073,
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