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He H, Jia M, Liu J, Zhou X, Li F. Roles of RNA m 6A modifications in plant-virus interactions. Stress Biol 2023; 3:57. [PMID: 38105385 PMCID: PMC10725857 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Viral RNAs have been known to contain N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications since the 1970s. The function of these modifications remained unknown until the development of genome-wide methods to map m6A residues. Increasing evidence has recently revealed a strong association between m6A modifications and plant viral infection. This highlight introduces advances in the roles of RNA m6A modifications in plant-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxuan Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Paudel DB, Ghoshal B, Jossey S, Ludman M, Fatyol K, Sanfaçon H. Expression and antiviral function of ARGONAUTE 2 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with two isolates of tomato ringspot virus with varying degrees of virulence. Virology 2018; 524:127-139. [PMID: 30195250 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
ARGONAUTEs (notably AGO1 and AGO2) are effectors of plant antiviral RNA silencing. AGO1 was shown to be required for the temperature-dependent symptom recovery of Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with tomato ringspot virus (isolate ToRSV-Rasp1) at 27 °C. In this study, we show that symptom recovery from isolate ToRSV-GYV shares similar hallmarks of antiviral RNA silencing but occurs at a wider range of temperatures (21-27 °C). At 21 °C, an early spike in AGO2 mRNAs accumulation was observed in plants infected with either ToRSV-Rasp1 or ToRSV-GYV but the AGO2 protein was only consistently detected in ToRSV-GYV infected plants. Symptom recovery from ToRSV-GYV at 21 °C was not prevented in an ago2 mutant or by silencing of AGO1 or AGO2. We conclude that other factors (possibly other AGOs) contribute to symptom recovery under these conditions. The results also highlight distinct expression patterns of AGO2 in response to ToRSV isolates and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Babu Paudel
- Dept of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Basudev Ghoshal
- Dept of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Sushma Jossey
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 5000, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, BC, Canada V0H 1Z0
| | - Marta Ludman
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Center, Szent-Györgyi Albert u. 4, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Karoly Fatyol
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Center, Szent-Györgyi Albert u. 4, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Hélène Sanfaçon
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 5000, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, BC, Canada V0H 1Z0.
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Moyo L, Ramesh SV, Kappagantu M, Mitter N, Sathuvalli V, Pappu HR. The effects of potato virus Y-derived virus small interfering RNAs of three biologically distinct strains on potato (Solanum tuberosum) transcriptome. Virol J 2017; 14:129. [PMID: 28716126 PMCID: PMC5513076 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most economically important pathogen of potato that is present as biologically distinct strains. The virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) from potato cv. Russet Burbank individually infected with PVY-N, PVY-NTN and PVY-O strains were recently characterized. Plant defense RNA-silencing mechanisms deployed against viruses produce vsiRNAs to degrade homologous viral transcripts. Based on sequence complementarity, the vsiRNAs can potentially degrade host RNA transcripts raising the prospect of vsiRNAs as pathogenicity determinants in virus-host interactions. This study investigated the global effects of PVY vsiRNAs on the host potato transcriptome. METHODS The strain-specific vsiRNAs of PVY, expressed in high copy number, were analyzed in silico for their proclivity to target potato coding and non-coding RNAs using psRobot and psRNATarget algorithms. Functional annotation of target coding transcripts was carried out to predict physiological effects of the vsiRNAs on the potato cv. Russet Burbank. The downregulation of selected target coding transcripts was further validated using qRT-PCR. RESULTS The vsiRNAs derived from biologically distinct strains of PVY displayed diversity in terms of absolute number, copy number and hotspots for siRNAs on their respective genomes. The vsiRNAs populations were derived with a high frequency from 6 K1, P1 and Hc-Pro for PVY-N, P1, Hc-Pro and P3 for PVY-NTN, and P1, 3' UTR and NIa for PVY-O genomic regions. The number of vsiRNAs that displayed interaction with potato coding transcripts and number of putative coding target transcripts were comparable between PVY-N and PVY-O, and were relatively higher for PVY-NTN. The most abundant target non-coding RNA transcripts for the strain specific PVY-derived vsiRNAs were found to be MIR821, 28S rRNA,18S rRNA, snoR71, tRNA-Met and U5. Functional annotation and qRT-PCR validation suggested that the vsiRNAs target genes involved in plant hormone signaling, genetic information processing, plant-pathogen interactions, plant defense and stress response processes in potato. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested that the PVY-derived vsiRNAs could act as a pathogenicity determinant and as a counter-defense strategy to host RNA silencing in PVY-potato interactions. The broad range of host genes targeted by PVY vsiRNAs in infected potato suggests a diverse role for vsiRNAs that includes suppression of host stress responses and developmental processes. The interactome scenario is the first report on the interaction between one of the most important Potyvirus genome-derived siRNAs and the potato transcripts.
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MESH Headings
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Plant/chemistry
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Phylogeny
- Plant Diseases/virology
- Potyvirus/genetics
- Potyvirus/pathogenicity
- RNA, Plant/analysis
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Solanum tuberosum/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindani Moyo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164 WA USA
| | - Shunmugiah V. Ramesh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
- ICAR-Directorate of Soybean Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452 001 India
| | - Madhu Kappagantu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Neena Mitter
- The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | | | - Hanu R. Pappu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164 WA USA
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Ramesh SV, Williams S, Kappagantu M, Mitter N, Pappu HR. Transcriptome-wide identification of host genes targeted by tomato spotted wilt virus-derived small interfering RNAs. Virus Res 2017; 238:13-23. [PMID: 28545854 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RNA silencing mechanism functions as a major defense against invading viruses. The caveat in the RNA silencing mechanism is that the effector small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) act on any RNA transcripts with sequence complementarity irrespective of target's origin. A subset of highly expressed viral small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) derived from the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV; Tospovirus: Bunyaviridae) genome was analyzed for their propensity to downregulate the tomato transcriptome. A total of 11898 putative target sites on tomato transcripts were found to exhibit a propensity for down regulation by TSWV-derived vsiRNAs. In total, 2450 unique vsiRNAs were found to have potential cross-reacting capability with the tomato transcriptome. VsiRNAs were found to potentially target a gamut of host genes involved in basal cellular activities including enzymes, transcription factors, membrane transporters, and cytoskeletal proteins. KEGG pathway annotation of targets revealed that the vsiRNAs were mapped to secondary metabolite biosynthesis, amino acids, starch and sucrose metabolism, and carbon and purine metabolism. Transcripts for protein processing, hormone signalling, and plant-pathogen interactions were the most likely targets from the genetic, environmental information processing, and organismal systems, respectively. qRT-PCR validation of target gene expression showed that none of the selected transcripts from tomato cv. Marglobe showed up regulation, and all were down regulated even upto 20 folds (high affinity glucose transporter). However, the expression levels of transcripts from cv. Red Defender revealed differential regulation as three among the target transcripts showed up regulation (Cc-nbs-lrr, resistance protein, AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor, and heat stress transcription factor A3). Accumulation of tomato target mRNAs of corresponding length was proved in both tomato cultivars using 5' RACE analysis. The TSWV-tomato interaction at the sRNA interface points to the ability of tomato cultivars to overcome vsiRNA-mediated targeting of NBS-LRR class R genes. These results suggest the prevalence of vsiRNA-induced RNA silencing of host transcriptome, and the interactome scenario is the first report on the interaction between tospovirus genome-derived siRNAs and tomato transcripts, and provide a deeper understanding of the role of vsiRNAs in pathogenicity and in perturbing host machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunmugiah V Ramesh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Sarah Williams
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Madhu Kappagantu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Neena Mitter
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Hanu R Pappu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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Tungadi T, Groen SC, Murphy AM, Pate AE, Iqbal J, Bruce TJA, Cunniffe NJ, Carr JP. Cucumber mosaic virus and its 2b protein alter emission of host volatile organic compounds but not aphid vector settling in tobacco. Virol J 2017; 14:91. [PMID: 28468686 PMCID: PMC5415739 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphids, including the generalist herbivore Myzus persicae, transmit cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). CMV (strain Fny) infection affects M. persicae feeding behavior and performance on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), Arabidopsis thaliana and cucurbits in varying ways. In Arabidopsis and cucurbits, CMV decreases host quality and inhibits prolonged feeding by aphids, which may enhance virus transmission rates. CMV-infected cucurbits also emit deceptive, aphid-attracting volatiles, which may favor virus acquisition. In contrast, aphids on CMV-infected tobacco (cv. Xanthi) exhibit increased survival and reproduction. This may not increase transmission but might increase virus and vector persistence within plant communities. The CMV 2b counter-defense protein diminishes resistance to aphid infestation in CMV-infected tobacco plants. We hypothesised that in tobacco CMV and its 2b protein might also alter the emission of volatile organic compounds that would influence aphid behavior. RESULTS Analysis of headspace volatiles emitted from tobacco plants showed that CMV infection both increased the total quantity and altered the blend produced. Furthermore, experiments with a CMV 2b gene deletion mutant (CMV∆2b) showed that the 2b counter-defense protein influences volatile emission. Free choice bioassays were conducted where wingless M. persicae could choose to settle on infected or mock-inoculated plants under a normal day/night regime or in continual darkness. Settling was recorded at 15 min, 1 h and 24 h post-release. Statistical analysis indicated that aphids showed no marked preference to settle on mock-inoculated versus infected plants, except for a marginally greater settlement of aphids on mock-inoculated over CMV-infected plants under normal illumination. CONCLUSIONS CMV infection of tobacco plants induced quantitative and qualitative changes in host volatile emission and these changes depended in part on the activity of the 2b counter-defense protein. However, CMV-induced alterations in tobacco plant volatile emission did not have marked effects on the settling of aphids on infected versus mock-inoculated plants even though CMV-infected plants are higher quality hosts for M. persicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisna Tungadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Simon C Groen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
- Present Address: Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Alex M Murphy
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Adrienne E Pate
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Javaid Iqbal
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Toby J A Bruce
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Nik J Cunniffe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - John P Carr
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.
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Costa AT, Bravo JP, Krause-Sakate R, Maia IG. The receptor-like kinase SlSOBIR1 is differentially modulated by virus infection but its overexpression in tobacco has no significant impact on virus accumulation. Plant Cell Rep 2016; 35:65-75. [PMID: 26408145 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The role of the tomato receptor-like kinase SlSOBIR1 in antiviral defense was investigated. SlSOBIR1 was transcriptionally modulated by unrelated viruses but its ectopic expression had no effect on virus accumulation. Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLK) constitute a diverse group of proteins allowing the cell to recognize and respond to the extracellular environment. In the present study we focused on a gene encoding a tomato LRR-RLK (named SlSOBIR1) involved in the host defense against fungal pathogens. Curiously, SlSOBIR1 has been previously reported to be down-regulated by Pepper yellow mosaic virus (PepYMV) infection. Here, we show that SlSOBIR1 is responsive to wounding and differentially modulated by unrelated virus infection, i.e., down-regulated by PepYMV and up-regulated by Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV). Despite these divergent expression profiles, SlSOBIR1 overexpression in transgenic tobacco plants had no evident effect on TCSV and PepYMV accumulation. On the other hand, overexpression of SlSOBIR1 significantly increased the expression of selected defense genes (PR-1a and PR-6) and exacerbated superoxide production in wounded leaves. Our data indicate that the observed modulation of SlSOBIR1 expression is probably triggered by secondary effects of the virus infection process and suggest that SlSOBIR1 is not directly involved in antiviral signaling response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tenório Costa
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira Bravo
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Renate Krause-Sakate
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan G Maia
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil.
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