Beshah SA, Husain MJ, Dessie GA, Worku A, Negeri MG, Banigbe B, Moran AE, Basu S, Kostova D. Cost analysis of the WHO-HEARTS program for hypertension control and CVD prevention in primary health facilities in Ethiopia.
Public Health Pract (Oxf) 2023;
6:100423. [PMID:
37727705 PMCID:
PMC10506051 DOI:
10.1016/j.puhip.2023.100423]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
In 2020, Ethiopia launched the Ethiopia Hypertension Control Initiative (EHCI) program to improve hypertension care using the approach described in the WHO HEARTS technical package.
Objective
To estimate the costs of implementing the HEARTS program for hypertension control and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in the primary care setting in Ethiopia for adult primary care users in the catchment area of five examined facilities.
Study design
This study entails a program cost analysis using cross-sectional primary and secondary data.
Methods
Micro-costing facility surveys were used to assess activity costs related to training, counselling, screening, lab diagnosis, medications, monitoring, and start-up costs at five selected health facilities. Cost data were obtained from primary and secondary sources, and expert opinion. Annual costs from the health system perspective were estimated using the Excel-based HEARTS costing tool under two intervention scenarios - hypertension-only control and a CVD risk management program, which addresses diabetes and hypercholesterolemia in addition to hypertension.
Results
The estimated cost per adult primary care user was USD 5.3 for hypertension control and USD 19.3 for integrated CVD risk management. The estimated medication cost per person treated for hypertension was USD 9.0, whereas treating diabetes and high cholesterol would cost USD 15.4 and USD 15.3 per person treated, respectively. Medications were the major cost driver, accounting for 37% of the total cost in the hypertension control program. In the CVD risk management scenario, the proportions of medication and lab diagnostics of total costs were 18% and 64%, respectively.
Conclusions
The results from this study can inform planning and budgeting for HEARTS scale-up to prevent CVD across Ethiopia.
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