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Luo XY, Nie TJ, Liu H, Ding XF, Huang Y, Guo CC, Zhang WG. Karyotype and genome size variation in Delphinium subg. Anthriscifolium (Ranunculaceae). PhytoKeys 2023; 234:145-165. [PMID: 37901134 PMCID: PMC10612113 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.108841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Five taxa of Delphiniumsubg.Anthriscifolium have been karyologically studied through chromosome counting, chromosomal measurement, and karyotype symmetry. Each taxon that we investigated has a basic chromosome number of x = 8, D.anthriscifoliumvar.savatieri, D.anthriscifoliumvar.majus, D.ecalcaratum, and D.callichromum were diploid with 2n = 16, while D.anthriscifoliumvar.anthriscifolium was tetraploid with 2n = 32. Monoploid chromosome sets of the investigated diploid taxa contained 1 metacentric chromosome, 3 submetacentric chromosomes, and 4 subtelocentric chromosomes. Higher interchromosomal asymmetry (CVCL) was present in D.ecalcaratum and D.callichromum than in other taxa. The highest levels of intrachromosomal asymmetry (MCA) and heterogeneity in centromere position (CVCI) were found in D.anthriscifoliumvar.majus. Diploid and tetraploid genome sizes varied by 3.02-3.92 pg and 6.04-6.60 pg, respectively. Karyotype and genome size of D.anthriscifoliumvar.savatieri, D.anthriscifoliumvar.majus, D.callichromum, and D.ecalcaratum were reported for the first time. Finally, based on cytological and morphological data, the classification of Delphiniumanthriscifolium was revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Luo
- Forestry College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangChina
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and UtilizationNanchangChina
| | - Tang-Jie Nie
- Forestry College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangChina
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Heng Liu
- Forestry College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangChina
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and UtilizationNanchangChina
| | - Xue-Fei Ding
- Forestry College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangChina
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and UtilizationNanchangChina
| | - Ying Huang
- Forestry College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangChina
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and UtilizationNanchangChina
| | - Chun-Ce Guo
- Forestry College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangChina
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and UtilizationNanchangChina
| | - Wen-Gen Zhang
- Forestry College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangChina
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and UtilizationNanchangChina
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Kaplan Z, Bétrisey S, Sonnenwyl V, Détraz-Méroz J, Kozlowski G. Typification of the name Ranunculusrionii (Ranunculaceae). PhytoKeys 2023; 226:159-166. [PMID: 37288249 PMCID: PMC10242400 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.226.103309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Available information on the typification of the name Ranunculusrionii in the literature is scarce and misleading. Previously claimed type collections indicate Lagger as the collector, but the protologue discusses only the specimens collected by Rion. Original material for the name is identified, the locality of the type collection is specified, Lagger's way of writing herbarium labels for his type specimens is described, the history of the discovery of R.rionii is reviewed, and the name is lectotypified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Kaplan
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Zámek 1, 25243 Průhonice, Czech RepublicCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of BotanyPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague, Czech RepublicCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Sébastien Bétrisey
- Natural History Museum Fribourg (NHMF), Chemin du Musée 6, 1700 Fribourg, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Vincent Sonnenwyl
- Natural History Museum Fribourg (NHMF), Chemin du Musée 6, 1700 Fribourg, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Jacqueline Détraz-Méroz
- Musée de la nature du Valais, Rue des Châteaux 14, 1950 Sion, SwitzerlandMusée de la nature du ValaisSionSwitzerland
| | - Gregor Kozlowski
- Natural History Museum Fribourg (NHMF), Chemin du Musée 6, 1700 Fribourg, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
- Department of Biology and Botanical Garden, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, SwitzerlandUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
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Ngernsaengsaruay C, Leksungnoen N, Chanton P, Andriyas T, Thaweekun P, Rueansri S, Tuntianupong R, Hauyluek W. Morphology, Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Palynology of the Opium Poppy ( Papaver somniferum L.) Cultivation in Northern Thailand. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12112105. [PMID: 37299086 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the morphology, taxonomy, anatomy, and palynology of Papaver somniferum. A detailed morphological description and illustrations of the species are provided, along with information about the identification, distribution, cultivation areas, habitats, pollinators, specimens examined, growing periods, phenology, etymology, vernacular name, and uses. The species can be characterized as a glabrous and glaucous herb with unlobed or pinnately lobed leaves, and an amplexicaul base; variations in color and morphological characteristics of petals; and white filaments, occasionally purple with a white basal part, broadened at the apical part. Two rings of discontinuous and widely spaced collateral vascular bundles are recognized in the transverse section of the stems. The shape of epidermal cells on the adaxial surface is polygonal, while that on the abaxial surface is polygonal or irregular. The anticlinal cell walls of the epidermal cells on the adaxial surface are straight or slightly curved, while those on the abaxial surface are straight, slightly curved, sinuate, or strongly sinuate. The stomata are anomocytic and are confined to the lower epidermis. The stomatal density is 54-199/mm2 (with a mean of 89.29 ± 24.97). The mesophyll is not distinctly differentiated into palisade and spongy regions. Laticifers are found in the phloem areas of the stems and leaves. The pollen grains can be spheroidal or prolate spheroidal in shape, sometimes oblate spheroidal [polar axis (P) diameter/equatorial axis (E) diameter ratio = 0.99-1.12 (with a mean of 1.03 ± 0.03)]. The pollen aperture is tricolpate and the exine sculpturing is microechinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchai Ngernsaengsaruay
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Biodiversity Center, Kasetsart University (BDCKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nisa Leksungnoen
- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pichet Chanton
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Tushar Andriyas
- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pratchaya Thaweekun
- Narcotics Crop Survey and Control Institute, Office of the Narcotics Control Board (ONCB), Ministry of Justice, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand
| | - Surasak Rueansri
- Narcotics Crop Survey and Control Institute, Office of the Narcotics Control Board (ONCB), Ministry of Justice, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand
| | - Ratthapon Tuntianupong
- Narcotics Crop Survey and Control Institute, Office of the Narcotics Control Board (ONCB), Ministry of Justice, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand
| | - Woottichai Hauyluek
- Narcotics Crop Survey and Control Institute, Office of the Narcotics Control Board (ONCB), Ministry of Justice, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand
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Becker A, Yamada Y, Sato F. California poppy ( Eschscholzia californica), the Papaveraceae golden girl model organism for evodevo and specialized metabolism. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1084358. [PMID: 36938015 PMCID: PMC10017456 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1084358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
California poppy or golden poppy (Eschscholzia californica) is the iconic state flower of California, with native ranges from Northern California to Southwestern Mexico. It grows well as an ornamental plant in Mediterranean climates, but it might be invasive in many parts of the world. California poppy was also highly prized by Native Americans for its medicinal value, mainly due to its various specialized metabolites, especially benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs). As a member of the Ranunculales, the sister lineage of core eudicots it occupies an interesting phylogenetic position. California poppy has a short-lived life cycle but can be maintained as a perennial. It has a comparatively simple floral and vegetative morphology. Several genetic resources, including options for genetic manipulation and a draft genome sequence have been established already with many more to come. Efficient cell and tissue culture protocols are established to study secondary metabolite biosynthesis and its regulation. Here, we review the use of California poppy as a model organism for plant genetics, with particular emphasis on the evolution of development and BIA biosynthesis. In the future, California poppy may serve as a model organism to combine two formerly separated lines of research: the regulation of morphogenesis and the regulation of secondary metabolism. This can provide insights into how these two integral aspects of plant biology interact with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Becker
- Plant Development Lab, Institute of Botany, Hustus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yasuyuki Yamada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Science, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
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Funamoto D. Brown-colored nectar in the insect-pollinated flowers of Asian moonseed. Ecology 2023; 104:e3965. [PMID: 36565303 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Funamoto
- The Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Cronk QCB. The correct name for an Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae) hybrid of the parentage Aquilegiaflavescens × A.formosa. PhytoKeys 2023; 220:31-38. [PMID: 37251608 PMCID: PMC10209508 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.220.99170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aquilegia×miniana (J.F.Macbr. & Payson) Cronk, hybr. & stat. nov. is the correct name for the hybrid Aquilegiaflavescens S.Watson × A.formosaFisch. & DC.var.formosa. In 1916 Payson and Macbride, while exploring the mountains of Idaho, found populations of Aquilegia that were pink in flower colour and appeared intermediate between the yellow-flowered A.flavescens and red-flowered A.formosa. They named these plants A.flavescensvar.miniana J.F.Macbr. & Payson. There has been uncertainty over whether their type collections (in GH, RM, MO, US, E, CM, CAS, NY) do indeed represent hybrids or pink-flowered morphs of A.flavescens. Using a Wells diagram, the holotype (in the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University) is shown to be intermediate, allowing its identification as a clear hybrid. However, some of the isotype material is indistinguishable from A.flavescens. The holotype matches material from British Columbia that has been determined to be of hybrid origin using molecular and morphological data. A.flavescensvar.miniana J.F.Macbr. & Payson is, therefore, an available name for the hybrid, which is here raised to the status of hybrid binomial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin C. B. Cronk
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3156-6270, University Blvd., V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, BC, CanadaUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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Fei WQ, Yuan Q, Yang QE. Ranunculusluanchuanensis (Ranunculaceae), a new species from Henan, China. PhytoKeys 2023; 220:17-29. [PMID: 37251614 PMCID: PMC10209638 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.220.96799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ranunculusluanchuanensis (Ranunculaceae), a new species from Laojun Shan in Luanchuan county, Henan province, central China, is here illustrated and described. It is morphologically similar to R.limprichtii in having 3-lobed and subreniform basal leaves, 3-lobed cauline leaves, and small flowers with reflexed and caducous sepals, but differs by having slender and basally slightly thickened roots (vs. fusiform), prostrate stems (vs. erect), obliquely ovoid and glabrous carpels and achenes (vs. widely ovoid and puberulous), longer styles in the carpels (ca. 1.2 mm vs. 0.6-0.8 mm) and achenes (ca. 1.8 mm vs. 0.6-0.8 mm), and glabrous receptacles (vs. sparsely puberulous). Ranunculusluanchuanensis, currently known only from its type locality, is geographically isolated from R.limprichtii, a species widely distributed in Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang (Tibet) and Yunnan, China. The distribution map of this new species and its putative closest ally, R.limprichtii, is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qun Fei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qiong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, ChinaCenter of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Qin-Er Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, ChinaCenter of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
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Fei WQ, Yuan Q, Yang QE. Ranunculusjiguanshanicus (Ranunculaceae), a new species from Sichuan, China. PhytoKeys 2023; 219:57-75. [PMID: 37252446 PMCID: PMC10209635 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.219.96266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ranunculusjiguanshanicus (Ranunculaceae), a new species from Chongzhou in Sichuan province, China, is here described and illustrated. The new species is easily distinguishable from other Chinese members of the genus by an array of characters, including small stature, glabrous and prostrate stems, 3-foliolate leaves with obvious petiolules (3-5 mm long), unequally 3-sected leaflets, lanceolate to linear ultimate leaflet segments, small flowers (5.2-6 mm in diameter), and long styles in the carpels and achenes (ca. 0.8 mm long). A distribution map of this new species is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qun Fei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin-Er Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
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Hao DC, Lyu HY, Wang F, Xiao PG, Xiao PG. Evaluating Potentials of Species Rich Taxonomic Groups in Cosmetics and Dermatology: Clustering and Dispersion of Skin Efficacy of Asteraceae and Ranunculales Plants on the Species Phylogenetic Tree. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2023; 24:279-298. [PMID: 35331107 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220324123926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medicinal properties of plants can be predicted by virtue of phylogenetic methods, which nevertheless have not been utilized to explore the regularity of skin-related bioactivities of ethnomedicinal plants. We aim to investigate the distribution of skin efficacy of Asteraceae and Ranunculales plants on the species-level Tree of Life. METHODS The clinical efficacy data of 551 ethnomedicinal species belonging to Ranunculales, as well as 579 ethnomedicinal species of Asteraceae, were systematically collected and collated; these therapeutic data fell into 15 categories, including skin disease/cosmeceutical. The large phylogenetic tree of all China angiosperm species was used to detect the phylogenetic signals of ethnomedicinal plants by calculating the D statistic, phylogenetic diversity (PD), net relatedness index (NRI), and nearest taxon index (NTI). Of all Chinese ethnomedicinal plants of Ranunculales and Asteraceae, 339 (61.5% of all ethnomedicinal species) and 382 (66.0% of all) are used for skin problems. In Ranunculales, a clustered structure was suggested by the NRI value for skin uses. In Asteraceae, the skin utility was not clustered; Artemisia, Aster, Cremanthodium, Ligularia, and Saussurea are the most used Asteraceae genera for skin issues. RESULTS The clustering structure was identified in Artemisia, and the skin efficacy in other genera was of overdispersion (NRI < 0). NTI values and D statistics largely agree with NRI. When compared with PD values of different therapeutic categories, the PD value of the skin category was relatively high in Cremanthodium, Ranunculales, Asteraceae, and Artemisia, suggesting the enormous efficacy space in the new taxa of these taxonomic groups. CONCLUSION By resolving the distribution of therapeutic effects of Ranunculales/Asteraceae taxa, the importance of phylogenetic methods in mining botanical resources with skin utilities is validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Cheng Hao
- Biotechnology Institute, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China.,Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Huai-Yu Lyu
- Biotechnology Institute, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Biotechnology Institute, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China
| | - Pei-Gen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pei-Gen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Damerval C, Claudot C, Le Guilloux M, Conde e Silva N, Brunaud V, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Caius J, Delannoy E, Nadot S, Jabbour F, Deveaux Y. Evolutionary analyses and expression patterns of TCP genes in Ranunculales. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1055196. [PMID: 36531353 PMCID: PMC9752903 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1055196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
TCP transcription factors play a role in a large number of developmental processes and are at the crossroads of numerous hormonal biosynthetic and signaling pathways. The complete repertoire of TCP genes has already been characterized in several plant species, but not in any species of early diverging eudicots. We focused on the order Ranunculales because of its phylogenetic position as sister group to all other eudicots and its important morphological diversity. Results show that all the TCP genes expressed in the floral transcriptome of Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) are the orthologs of the TCP genes previously identified from the fully sequenced genome of Aquilegia coerulea. Phylogenetic analyses combined with the identification of conserved amino acid motifs suggest that six paralogous genes of class I TCP transcription factors were present in the common ancestor of angiosperms. We highlight independent duplications in core eudicots and Ranunculales within the class I and class II subfamilies, resulting in different numbers of paralogs within the main subclasses of TCP genes. This has most probably major consequences on the functional diversification of these genes in different plant clades. The expression patterns of TCP genes in Nigella damascena were consistent with the general suggestion that CIN and class I TCP genes may have redundant roles or take part in same pathways, while CYC/TB1 genes have more specific actions. Our findings open the way for future studies at the tissue level, and for investigating redundancy and subfunctionalisation in TCP genes and their role in the evolution of morphological novelties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Damerval
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carmine Claudot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martine Le Guilloux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Natalia Conde e Silva
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - José Caius
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Etienne Delannoy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Nadot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay, France
| | - Florian Jabbour
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Yves Deveaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Hao DC, Xu LJ, Zheng YW, Lyu HY, Xiao PG. Mining Therapeutic Efficacy from Treasure Chest of Biodiversity and Chemodiversity: Pharmacophylogeny of Ranunculales Medicinal Plants. Chin J Integr Med 2022. [PMID: 35809180 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ranunculales, comprising of 7 families that are rich in medicinal species frequently utilized by traditional medicine and ethnomedicine, represents a treasure chest of biodiversity and chemodiversity. The phylogenetically related species often have similar chemical profile, which makes them often possess similar therapeutic spectrum. This has been validated by both ethnomedicinal experiences and pharmacological investigations. This paper summarizes molecular phylogeny, chemical constituents, and therapeutic applications of Ranunculales, i.e., a pharmacophylogeny study of this representative medicinal order. The phytochemistry/metabolome, ethnomedicine and bioactivity/pharmacology data are incorporated within the phylogenetic framework of Ranunculales. The most studied compounds of this order include benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, saponin and lignan, etc. Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids are especially abundant in Berberidaceae and Menispermaceae. The most frequent ethnomedicinal uses are arthritis, heat-clearing and detoxification, carbuncle-abscess and sore-toxin. The most studied bioactivities are anticancer/cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, etc. The pharmacophylogeny analysis, integrated with both traditional and modern medicinal uses, agrees with the molecular phylogeny based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences, in which Ranunculales is divided into Ranunculaceae, Berberidaceae, Menispermaceae, Lardizabalaceae, Circaeasteraceae, Papaveraceae, and Eupteleaceae families. Chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of each taxonomic group are reviewed and the underlying connection between phylogeny, chemodiversity and clinical uses is revealed, which facilitate the conservation and sustainable utilization of Ranunculales pharmaceutical resources, as well as developing novel plant-based pharmacotherapy.
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Shchegoleva NV, Nikitina EV, Juramurodov IJ, Zverev AA, Turginov OT, Jabborov AM, Yusupov Z, Dekhkonov DB, Deng T, Sun H. A new species of Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae) from Western Pamir-Alay, Uzbekistan. PhytoKeys 2022; 193:125-139. [PMID: 35586122 PMCID: PMC9005467 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.193.70757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New data on the phylogeny of four rare and endemic species of RanunculusL.sect.Ranunculastrum DC. of western Pamir-Alai, one of which is new to science, have been obtained. Ranunculustojibaevii sp. nov., from the Baysuntau Mountains, Western Hissar Range of Uzbekistan, is described. The new species is closely related to R.botschantzevii Ovcz., R.convexiusculus Kovalevsk. and R.alpigenus Kom., but differs in the blade of the radical leaves, which is rounded-reniform, segments 3-5-dissected, each 2-5-partite with elongated, rounded apical lobes. A phylogenetic analysis, using both the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cpDNA (matK, rbcL, trnL-trnF), was informative in placing R.tojibaevii in context with its most closely-related species. Discussion on the geographic distribution, updated identification key, a detailed description, insights about its habitat and illustrations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Shchegoleva
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634050, RussiaTomsk State UniversityTomskRussia
| | - Elena V. Nikitina
- Laboratory of Cadastre and Monitoring of Rare Plant Species, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 32 Durmon Yuli St., Tashkent, 100125, UzbekistanLaboratory of Cadastre and Monitoring of Rare Plant Species, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of UzbekistanTashkentUzbekistan
| | - Inom J. Juramurodov
- Laboratory Flora of Uzbekistan, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 32 Durmon Yuli St., Tashkent, 100125, UzbekistanLaboratory Flora of Uzbekistan, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of UzbekistanTashkentUzbekistan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Andrei A. Zverev
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaSiberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
| | - Orzimat T. Turginov
- Laboratory Flora of Uzbekistan, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 32 Durmon Yuli St., Tashkent, 100125, UzbekistanLaboratory Flora of Uzbekistan, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of UzbekistanTashkentUzbekistan
| | - Anvarbek M. Jabborov
- Laboratory Flora of Uzbekistan, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 32 Durmon Yuli St., Tashkent, 100125, UzbekistanLaboratory Flora of Uzbekistan, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of UzbekistanTashkentUzbekistan
| | - Ziyoviddin Yusupov
- Laboratory of Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 32 Durmon Yuli St., Tashkent, 100125, UzbekistanLaboratory of Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of UzbekistanTashkentUzbekistan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, ChinaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Davron B. Dekhkonov
- Laboratory of Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 32 Durmon Yuli St., Tashkent, 100125, UzbekistanLaboratory of Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of UzbekistanTashkentUzbekistan
| | - Tao Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, ChinaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Hang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, ChinaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
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Szandar K, Krawczyk K, Myszczyński K, Ślipiko M, Sawicki J, Szczecińska M. Breaking the limits - multichromosomal structure of an early eudicot Pulsatilla patens mitogenome reveals extensive RNA-editing, longest repeats and chloroplast derived regions among sequenced land plant mitogenomes. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:109. [PMID: 35264098 PMCID: PMC8905907 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitogenomes of vascular plants are one of the most structurally diverse molecules. In the present study we characterize mitogenomes of a rare and endangered species Pulsatilla patens. We investigated the gene content and its RNA editing potential, repeats distribution and plastid derived sequences. RESULTS The mitogenome structure of early divergent eudicot, endangered Pulsatilla patens does not support the master chromosome hypothesis, revealing the presence of three linear chromosomes of total length 986 613 bp. The molecules are shaped by the presence of extremely long, exceeding 87 kbp repeats and multiple chloroplast-derived regions including nearly complete inverted repeat. Since the plastid IR content of Ranunculales is very characteristic, the incorporation into mitogenome could be explained rather by intracellular transfer than mitochondrial HGT. The mitogenome contains almost a complete set of genes known from other vascular plants with exception of rps10 and sdh3, the latter being present but pseudogenized. Analysis of long ORFs enabled the identification of genes which are rarely present in plant mitogenomes, including RNA and DNA polymerases, albeit their presence even at species level is variable. Mitochondrial transcripts of P. patens were edited with a high frequency, which exceeded the level known in other analyzed angiosperms, despite the strict qualification criteria of counting the editing events and taking into analysis generally less frequently edited leaf transcriptome. The total number of edited sites was 902 and nad4 was identified as the most heavily edited gene with 65 C to U changes. Non-canonical, reverse U to C editing was not detected. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genes of three Pulsatilla species revealed a level of variation comparable to chloroplast CDS dataset and much higher infrageneric differentiation than in other known angiosperm genera. The variation found in CDS of mitochondrial genes is comparable to values found among Pulsatilla plastomes. Despite the complicated mitogenome structure, 14 single copy regions of 329 kbp, not splitted by repeats or plastid-derived sequences (MTPT), revealed the potential for phylogenetic, phylogeographic and population genetics studies by revealing intra- and interspecific collinearity. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable new information about mitochondrial genome of early divergent eudicots, Pulsatilla patens, revealed multi-chromosomal structure and shed new light on mitogenomics of early eudicots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Szandar
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Krawczyk
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Kamil Myszczyński
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Monika Ślipiko
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jakub Sawicki
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Monika Szczecińska
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10- 727, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Hao DC, Li P, Xiao PG, He CN. Dissection of full-length transcriptome and metabolome of Dichocarpum (Ranunculaceae): implications in evolution of specialized metabolism of Ranunculales medicinal plants. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12428. [PMID: 34760397 PMCID: PMC8574218 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several main families of Ranunculales are rich in alkaloids and other medicinal compounds; many species of these families are used in traditional and folk medicine. Dichocarpum is a representative medicinal genus of Ranunculaceae, but the genetic basis of its metabolic phenotype has not been investigated, which hinders its sustainable conservation and utilization. We use the third-generation high-throughput sequencing and metabolomic techniques to decipher the full-length transcriptomes and metabolomes of five Dichocarpum species endemic in China, and 71,598 non-redundant full-length transcripts were obtained, many of which are involved in defense, stress response and immunity, especially those participating in the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites such as benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs). Twenty-seven orthologs extracted from trancriptome datasets were concatenated to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree, which was verified by the clustering analysis based on the metabolomic profile and agreed with the Pearson correlation between gene expression patterns of Dichocarpum species. The phylogenomic analysis of phytometabolite biosynthesis genes, e.g., (S)-norcoclaurine synthase, methyltransferases, cytochrome p450 monooxygenases, berberine bridge enzyme and (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidase, revealed the evolutionary trajectories leading to the chemodiversity, especially that of protoberberine type, aporphine type and bis-BIA abundant in Dichocarpum and related genera. The biosynthesis pathways of these BIAs are proposed based on full-length transcriptomes and metabolomes of Dichocarpum. Within Ranunculales, the gene duplications are common, and a unique whole genome duplication is possible in Dichocarpum. The extensive correlations between metabolite content and gene expression support the co-evolution of various genes essential for the production of different specialized metabolites. Our study provides insights into the transcriptomic and metabolomic landscapes of Dichocarpum, which will assist further studies on genomics and application of Ranunculales plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Gen Xiao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Nian He
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ploch S, Kruse J, Choi YJ, Thiel H, Thines M. Ancestral state reconstruction in Peronospora provides further evidence for host jumping as a key element in the diversification of obligate parasites. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 166:107321. [PMID: 34626809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Biotrophic plant parasites cause economically important diseases, e.g. downy mildew of grape, powdery mildew of legumes, wheat stripe rust, and wheat bunt. But also in natural ecosystems, these organisms are abundant and diverse, and for many hosts more than one specialised biotrophic pathogen is known. However, only a fraction of their diversity is thought to have been described. There is accumulating evidence for the importance of host jumping for the diversification of obligate biotrophic pathogens but tracing this process along the phylogeny of pathogens is often complicated by a lack of resolution of phylogenetic trees, low taxon and specimen sampling, or either too few or too many host jumps in the pathogen group in question. Here, a clade of Peronospora species mostly infecting members of the Ranunculales was investigated using multigene analyses and ancestral state reconstructions. These analyses show that this clade started out in Papaveraceae, with subsequent host jumps to Berberidaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Ranunculaceae. In Ranunculaceae, radiation to a variety of hosts took place, and a new host jump occurred to Caryophyllaceae. This highlights that host jumping and subsequent radiation is a key evolutionary process driving the diversification of Peronospora. It seems likely that the observed pattern can be generalised to other obligate parasite lineages, as diverse hosts in unrelated families have also been reported for other pathogen groups, including powdery mildew, rust fungi, and smut fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ploch
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Julia Kruse
- Pfalzmuseum für Naturkunde - POLLICHIA-Museum, Hermann-Schäfer-Str. 17, 67098 Bad Dürkheim, Germany
| | - Young-Joon Choi
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Marco Thines
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Pessoa EM, Ribeiro AC, Jud NA. A eudicot leaf from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian, Araripe Basin) Crato Konservat-Lagerstätte. Am J Bot 2021; 108:2055-2065. [PMID: 34647319 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The Crato Konservat-Lagerstätte in Brazil preserves an exceptionally rich assemblage of plant macrofossils from the Early Cretaceous (late Aptian), including rare early angiosperm fossils related to Nymphaeales, monocots, and magnoliids, and a variety of angiosperms of uncertain affinities. Macrofossils of eudicot angiosperms have not been described previously, despite the presence of tricolpate pollen. We describe a fossil leaf with morphology characteristic of eudicot angiosperms. METHODS The fossil was collected from a quarry in the Lower Cretaceous (late Aptian) Crato Formation of northeastern Brazil in the state of Ceará. We compared the leaf architecture with that of ferns, gymnosperms, and similar living and fossil angiosperms. RESULTS The leaf of Baderadea pinnatissecta gen. et sp. nov. is simple and petiolate, with leaf architecture similar to that of some herbaceous Ranunculales. The blade is 5 cm long and the margin is untoothed and twice pinnately lobed with narrow lobes (pinnatisect). The primary vein framework is pinnate and there are multiple orders of reticulate venation. CONCLUSIONS The combination of characters preserved in the fossil supports the interpretation that B. pinnatissecta was an herbaceous eudicot similar to some members of Ranunculales and distinguished from other lobate Aptian angiosperms by leaf shape, presence of multiple orders of reticulate venation, and the absence of glandular teeth. The presence of eudicots in the flora of the Crato was already supported by pollen; the discovery of macrofossils like these provides additional information about their morphology and ecological role in low-latitude Early Cretaceous plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edlley M Pessoa
- Laboratório de Estudos Integrados de Plantas, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Nathan A Jud
- Department of Biology, William Jewell College, Liberty, MO, 64068, USA
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Su S, Zhao L, Ren Y, Zhang XH. Diversity of petals in Berberidaceae: development, micromorphology, and structure of floral nectaries. Protoplasma 2021; 258:905-922. [PMID: 33496857 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Petals are important floral organs that exhibit considerable morphological diversity in terms of colour, shape, and size. The varied morphologies of mature petals can be linked to developmental differences. The petals of Berberidaceae (a core group of Ranunculales) range from flat sheets to complex structures with nectaries, but studies on petal development and structural diversity in this group are lacking. Here, the petal development, structure, and micromorphology of seven Berberidaceae genera are characterized by microscopy to clarify the diversity of petals within this group. The results indicate that no common petal-stamen primordium exists, that petal development proceeds through five stages, and that the differentiation responsible for the diversity of the mature petals occurs during stage 4. Processes contributing to the morphological diversity of mature petals include edge thickening, gland formation, and spur formation. Nandina and Diphylleia lack nectaries. Gymnospermium has saccate nectaries, Caulophyllum has nectaries on the petal margin, Epimedium has spur nectaries, and Berberis and Mahonia have glands at the base of petals. Petal nectaries usually consist of a secretory epidermis, two to twenty layers of secretory parenchyma cells, and vascular tissues. Eleven distinct cell types were observed in the petal epidermis, three of which are secretory; papillose cells appear to be absent in Diphylleia, which shows relatively little micromorphological variation. The ancestors of Berberidaceae may have nectaries in thickened areas of their petals. The micromorphology and nectary structures of the petals in Ranunculales are also compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Su
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
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Zhao Y, Pfannebecker K, Dommes AB, Hidalgo O, Becker A, Elomaa P. Evolutionary diversification of CYC/TB1-like TCP homologs and their recruitment for the control of branching and floral morphology in Papaveraceae (basal eudicots). New Phytol 2018; 220:317-331. [PMID: 29949661 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiosperms possess enormous morphological variation in plant architectures and floral forms. Previous studies in Pentapetalae and monocots have demonstrated the involvement of TCP domain CYCLOIDEA/TEOSINTE BRANCHED1-like (CYC/TB1) genes in the control of floral symmetry and shoot branching. However, how TCP/CYC-like (CYL) genes originated, evolved and functionally diversified remain unclear. We conducted a comparative functional study in Ranunculales, the sister lineage to all other eudicots, between Eschscholzia californica and Cysticapnos vesicaria, two species of Papaveraceae with actinomorphic and zygomorphic flowers, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that CYL genes in Papaveraceae form two paralogous lineages, PapaCYL1 and PapaCYL2. Papaveraceae CYL genes show highly diversified expression patterns as well as functions. Enhanced branching by silencing of EscaCYL1 suggests that the role of CYC/TB1-like genes in branching control is conserved in Papaveraceae. In contrast to the arrest of stamen development in Pentapetalae, PapaCYL genes promote stamen initiation and growth. In addition, we demonstrate that CyveCYLs are involved in perianth development, specifying sepal and petal identity in Cysticapnos by regulating the B-class floral organ identity genes. Our data also suggest the involvement of CyveCYL genes in the regulation of flower symmetry in Cysticapnos. Our work provides evidence of the importance of TCP/CYC-like genes in the promotion of morphological diversity across angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zhao
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Kai Pfannebecker
- Institute of Botany, University of Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | | | - Oriane Hidalgo
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Annette Becker
- Institute of Botany, University of Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Paula Elomaa
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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Abstract
Menispermum dauricum is a woody liana with great medicinal value. In the current study, we assembled the first chloroplast (cp) genome of M. dauricum. The whole chloroplast genome is 158,623 bp in length, with one large copy region (LSC: 88,879 bp), a small single copy region (SSC: 20,644 bp), and two inverted repeats (IR: 24,550 bp). The cp genome contains 114 unique genes with 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. In our phylogeny of Ranunculales, Papaveraceae is found to be the basal group of Ranunculales and M. dauricum is sister to Stephania japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Hina
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoping Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alaer, China
| | - Pan Li
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengxin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Ortiz RDC. A taxonomic revision of Curarea Barneby & Krukoff (Menispermaceae). PhytoKeys 2018; 100:9-89. [PMID: 29962890 PMCID: PMC6023953 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A monograph of Curarea, a neotropical genus in the plant family Menispermaceae, is presented. Curarea is distinguished from related genera by the combination of staminate flowers with sepals in two whorls and pistillate flowers with three petals, three carpels and usually elongated carpophores bearing three sessile drupelets. Nine species are recognised, amongst them two new to science, C. gentryana from Ecuador and C. barnebyana, from Ecuador and Peru. Additionally, two new combinations, C. iquitana and C. tomentocarpa, are proposed for distinct taxa recovered in a multivariate analysis of quantitative characters of the broadly distributed and morphologically variable C. toxicofera. The anatomy and morphology of species in the genus is documented, identification key, species descriptions, distribution maps and a preliminary conservation assessment for all accepted species are also provided. Of the nine species recognised here, C. barnebyana is assigned a preliminary status of Vulnerable, C. crassa (known only from the coastal Atlantic Forest in Brazil) and C. gentryana (endemic to western Ecuador) are both assigned a preliminary status of Endangered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa del C. Ortiz
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Damerval C, Becker A. Genetics of flower development in Ranunculales - a new, basal eudicot model order for studying flower evolution. New Phytol 2017; 216:361-366. [PMID: 28052360 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Contents 361 I. 361 II. 362 III. 363 IV. 364 V. 364 Acknowledgements 365 References 365 SUMMARY: Ranunculales, the sister group to all other eudicots, encompasses species with a remarkable floral diversity, which are currently emerging as new model organisms to address questions relating to the genetic architecture of flower morphology and its evolution. These questions concern either traits only found in members of the Ranunculales or traits that have convergently evolved in other large clades of flowering plants. We present recent results obtained on floral organ identity and number, symmetry evolution and spur formation in Ranunculales species. We discuss benefits and future prospects of evo-devo studies in Ranunculales, which can provide the opportunity to decipher the genetic architecture of novel floral traits and also to appraise the degree of conservation of genetic mechanisms involved in homoplasious traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Damerval
- GQE - Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Annette Becker
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Institut für Botanik, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, Gießen, 35392, Germany
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Pérez-Gutiérrez MA, Fernández MC, Salinas-Bonillo MJ, Suárez-Santiago VN, Ben-Menni Schuler S, Romero-García AT. Comparative exine development from the post-tetrad stage in the early-divergent lineages of Ranunculales: the genera Euptelea and Pteridophyllum. J Plant Res 2016; 129:1085-1096. [PMID: 27590132 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies of pollen wall development produce a great deal of morphological data that supplies useful information regarding taxonomy and systematics. We present the exine development of Euptelea and Pteridophyllum, two taxa whose pollen wall development has never previously been studied using transmission electron microscopy. Both genera are representatives of the two earliest-diverging families of the order Ranunculales and their pollen data are important for the diagnosis of the ancestral pollen features in eudicots. Our observations show these genera are defined by having microechinate microreticulate exine ornamentation, perforate tectum, columellate morphology of the infratectum and the existence of a foot layer and endexine. The presence of lamellations is detected during the early stages of development in the nexine of both genera, especially in the apertures. Euptelea presents remains of the primexine layer during the whole maturation process, a very thin foot layer, and a laminate exinous oncus in the apertural region formed by ectexine and endexine elements. Pteridophyllum has a thicker tectum than Euptelea, a continuous foot layer and a thicker endexine. In the apertures, the exinous oncus is formed by islets and granules of endexine, in contrast to the Euptelea apertures. The secretory tapetum produces orbicules in both genera, but they have different morphology and electron-density. Comparisons with pollen data from related orders and families confirm the ancestral states for the pollen of eudicots proposed in previous studies: reticulate and echinate surfaces, columellate infractectum and a thin foot layer relative to the thickness of the ectexine. According to our observations, we propose considering the possibility of a polymorphic state for the aperture number in the ancestor of Ranunculales, and suggest the development of orbicules as the ancestral state in this order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - María C Fernández
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - María J Salinas-Bonillo
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, C/Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Víctor N Suárez-Santiago
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Samira Ben-Menni Schuler
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana T Romero-García
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Becker A. Tinkering with transcription factor networks for developmental robustness of Ranunculales flowers. Ann Bot 2016; 117:845-58. [PMID: 27091506 PMCID: PMC4845810 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The flowers of core eudicots and monocots are generally determined by the number of floral organs they produce, and their developmental set-up tolerates little change from the bauplan once the floral primordium is initiated. Many species outside the core eudicots and monocots are more plastic in the number of floral organs they produce. For example, the Nymphaeales (water lilies), within the basal angiosperms, arrange their floral organs spirally and show smooth transitions between floral organs, and many Ranunculales (buttercups) produce variable numbers of stamens by adjusting the number of stamen whorls generated from a specialized ring meristem. However, the interactions of regulatory genes governing those processes are unknown. SCOPE AND CONCLUSIONS This review provides an overview of the functional analyses of floral homeotic genes carried out in Ranunculales, summarizing knockdown and mutant phenotypes, and protein interactions to identify similarities and differences within the Ranunculales and in comparison with core eudicots. Floral gene regulatory networks in Ranunculales are identified showing intensive re-wiring amongst the floral homeotic genes to allow some degree of plasticity. The 'fading-border' model of floral organ identity evolution is extended by a hypothesis on how developmental plasticity can be achieved by interdependent regulation of floral homeotic genes. One aspect of floral plasticity may be achieved by regulation of the activity of a stamen-generating ring meristem and first ideas on its control are presented. While the amazing conservation of the major floral organ identity programme is being unravelled by analysing floral homeotic gene function and expression, we are only just beginning to understand the evolution of the gene network governing the organ identity genes, e.g. how plasticity can be achieved, and which aspects foster the robustness of the core eudicot floral bauplan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Becker
- Justus-Liebig-University, Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, D-35392 Gießen, Germany
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Sauquet H, Carrive L, Poullain N, Sannier J, Damerval C, Nadot S. Zygomorphy evolved from disymmetry in Fumarioideae (Papaveraceae, Ranunculales): new evidence from an expanded molecular phylogenetic framework. Ann Bot 2015; 115:895-914. [PMID: 25814061 PMCID: PMC4407061 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fumarioideae (20 genera, 593 species) is a clade of Papaveraceae (Ranunculales) characterized by flowers that are either disymmetric (i.e. two perpendicular planes of bilateral symmetry) or zygomorphic (i.e. one plane of bilateral symmetry). In contrast, the other subfamily of Papaveraceae, Papaveroideae (23 genera, 230 species), has actinomorphic flowers (i.e. more than two planes of symmetry). Understanding of the evolution of floral symmetry in this clade has so far been limited by the lack of a reliable phylogenetic framework. Pteridophyllum (one species) shares similarities with Fumarioideae but has actinomorphic flowers, and the relationships among Pteridophyllum, Papaveroideae and Fumarioideae have remained unclear. This study reassesses the evolution of floral symmetry in Papaveraceae based on new molecular phylogenetic analyses of the family. METHODS Maximum likelihood, Bayesian and maximum parsimony phylogenetic analyses of Papaveraceae were conducted using six plastid markers and one nuclear marker, sampling Pteridophyllum, 18 (90 %) genera and 73 species of Fumarioideae, 11 (48 %) genera and 11 species of Papaveroideae, and a wide selection of outgroup taxa. Floral characters recorded from the literature were then optimized onto phylogenetic trees to reconstruct ancestral states using parsimony, maximum likelihood and reversible-jump Bayesian approaches. KEY RESULTS Pteridophyllum is not nested in Fumarioideae. Fumarioideae are monophyletic and Hypecoum (18 species) is the sister group of the remaining genera. Relationships within the core Fumarioideae are well resolved and supported. Dactylicapnos and all zygomorphic genera form a well-supported clade nested among disymmetric taxa. CONCLUSIONS Disymmetry of the corolla is a synapomorphy of Fumarioideae and is strongly correlated with changes in the androecium and differentiation of middle and inner tepal shape (basal spurs on middle tepals). Zygomorphy subsequently evolved from disymmetry either once (with a reversal in Dactylicapnos) or twice (Capnoides, other zygomorphic Fumarioideae) and appears to be correlated with the loss of one nectar spur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Sauquet
- Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique, Évolution, CNRS UMR 8079, 91405 Orsay, France and CNRS, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon, INRA/Université Paris-Sud/CNRS/AgroParisTech, Ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laetitia Carrive
- Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique, Évolution, CNRS UMR 8079, 91405 Orsay, France and CNRS, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon, INRA/Université Paris-Sud/CNRS/AgroParisTech, Ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Noëlie Poullain
- Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique, Évolution, CNRS UMR 8079, 91405 Orsay, France and CNRS, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon, INRA/Université Paris-Sud/CNRS/AgroParisTech, Ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julie Sannier
- Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique, Évolution, CNRS UMR 8079, 91405 Orsay, France and CNRS, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon, INRA/Université Paris-Sud/CNRS/AgroParisTech, Ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Damerval
- Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique, Évolution, CNRS UMR 8079, 91405 Orsay, France and CNRS, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon, INRA/Université Paris-Sud/CNRS/AgroParisTech, Ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sophie Nadot
- Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique, Évolution, CNRS UMR 8079, 91405 Orsay, France and CNRS, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon, INRA/Université Paris-Sud/CNRS/AgroParisTech, Ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Ronse De Craene LP, Quandt D, Wanntorp L. Floral development of Sabia (Sabiaceae): evidence for the derivation of pentamery from a trimerous ancestry. Am J Bot 2015; 102:336-349. [PMID: 25784467 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY Flowers of Sabiaceae diverge from basal eudicots in combining pentamery with superposed whorls of sepals, petals, and stamens and are therefore crucial in understanding origins of core eudicot flowers. Different hypotheses are tested using floral developmental evidence, whether the pentamerous flower is derived from a spiral, trimerous, or dimerous progenitor.• METHODS The floral development of two species of Sabia was investigated with the scanning electron microscope to understand their unusual floral morphology and the origin of pentamery.• KEY RESULTS The species show major developmental differences in their inflorescence morphology and organ initiation sequence. In S. limoniacea, flowers are subtended by a pherophyll preceding two prophylls, one of which encloses a younger flower; floral organs arise in a continuous spiral sequence without interruption between different organs. The ovary is oriented in an oblique-median position. In S. japonica, one prophyll replaces one of the sepals, and there is a disruption in the spiral sequence. As a result, the ovary is inserted more or less transversally.• CONCLUSIONS The flower of Sabiaceae is structurally best interpreted as derived from a trimerous progenitor, and a derivation from a dimerous or spiral progenitor is less likely. One organ of each median adaxial whorl is interpreted as lost (from K3+3 C3+3 A3+3 G3 to K3+2 C3+2 A3+2 G2). The number of sepals is variable as pherophylls, prophylls, and sepals cannot be distinguished by shape and intergrade with each other. The floral organization of Sabia is reminiscent of trimerous Ranunculales and supports an earlier divergence of Sabiaceae relative to Proteales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dietmar Quandt
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nees-Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen (NEES), Germany
| | - Livia Wanntorp
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Box 50007 SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
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Jud NA, Hickey LJ. Potomacapnos apeleutheron gen. et sp. nov., a new Early Cretaceous angiosperm from the Potomac Group and its implications for the evolution of eudicot leaf architecture. Am J Bot 2013; 100:2437-2449. [PMID: 24287268 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Eudicots diverged early in the evolution of flowering plants and now comprise more than 70% of angiosperm species. In spite of the importance of eudicots, our understanding of the early evolution of this clade is limited by a poor fossil record and uncertainty about the order of early phylogenetic branching. The study of Lower Cretaceous fossils can reveal much about the evolution, morphology, and ecology of the eudicots. METHODS Fossils described here were collected from Aptian sediments of the Potomac Group exposed at the Dutch Gap locality in Virginia, USA. Specimens were prepared by degaging, then described and compared with leaves of relevant extant and fossil plants. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters using parsimony while constraining the tree search with the topology found through molecular phylogenetic analyses. KEY RESULTS The new species is closely related to ranunculalean eudicots and has leaf architecture remarkably similar to some living Fumarioideae (Papaveraceae). CONCLUSIONS These are the oldest eudicot megafossils from North America, and they show complex leaf architecture reflecting developmental pathways unique to extant eudicots. The morphology and small size of the fossils suggest that they were herbaceous plants, as is seen in other putative early eudicots. The absence of co-occurring tricolpate pollen at Dutch Gap either (1) reflects low preservation probability for pollen of entomophilous herbs or (2) indicates that some leaf features of extant eudicots appeared before the origin of tricolpate pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Jud
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, 4140 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland USA
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Pabón-Mora N, Hidalgo O, Gleissberg S, Litt A. Assessing duplication and loss of APETALA1/FRUITFULL homologs in Ranunculales. Front Plant Sci 2013; 4:358. [PMID: 24062757 PMCID: PMC3775002 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Gene duplication and loss provide raw material for evolutionary change within organismal lineages as functional diversification of gene copies provide a mechanism for phenotypic variation. Here we focus on the APETALA1/FRUITFULL MADS-box gene lineage evolution. AP1/FUL genes are angiosperm-specific and have undergone several duplications. By far the most significant one is the core-eudicot duplication resulting in the euAP1 and euFUL clades. Functional characterization of several euAP1 and euFUL genes has shown that both function in proper floral meristem identity, and axillary meristem repression. Independently, euAP1 genes function in floral meristem and sepal identity, whereas euFUL genes control phase transition, cauline leaf growth, compound leaf morphogenesis and fruit development. Significant functional variation has been detected in the function of pre-duplication basal-eudicot FUL-like genes, but the underlying mechanisms for change have not been identified. FUL-like genes in the Papaveraceae encode all functions reported for euAP1 and euFUL genes, whereas FUL-like genes in Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae) function in inflorescence development and leaf complexity, but not in flower or fruit development. Here we isolated FUL-like genes across the Ranunculales and used phylogenetic approaches to analyze their evolutionary history. We identified an early duplication resulting in the RanFL1 and RanFL2 clades. RanFL1 genes were present in all the families sampled and are mostly under strong negative selection in the MADS, I and K domains. RanFL2 genes were only identified from Eupteleaceae, Papaveraceae s.l., Menispermaceae and Ranunculaceae and show relaxed purifying selection at the I and K domains. We discuss how asymmetric sequence diversification, new motifs, differences in codon substitutions and likely protein-protein interactions resulting from this Ranunculiid-specific duplication can help explain the functional differences among basal-eudicot FUL-like genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pabón-Mora
- Grupo de Biotecnología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellín, Colombia
- The New York Botanical GardenBronx, NY, USA
| | - Oriane Hidalgo
- Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | | | - Amy Litt
- The New York Botanical GardenBronx, NY, USA
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