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Li Q, Qiao R, Mehta A, Lü W, Zhou T, Arenholz E, Wang C, Chen Y, Li L, Tian Y, Bai L, Hussain Z, Zheng R, Yang W, Yan S. Amorphous nonstoichiometric oxides with tunable room-temperature ferromagnetism and electrical transport. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1718-1725. [PMID: 36659244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Material functionalities strongly depend on the stoichiometry, crystal structure, and homogeneity. Here we demonstrate an approach of amorphous nonstoichiometric inhomogeneous oxides to realize tunable ferromagnetism and electrical transport at room temperature. In order to verify the origin of the ferromagnetism, we employed a series of structural, chemical, and electronic state characterizations. Combined with electron microscopy and transport measurements, synchrotron-based grazing incident wide angle X-ray scattering, soft X-ray absorption and circular dichroism clearly reveal that the room-temperature ferromagnetism originates from the In0.23Co0.77O1-v amorphous phase with a large tunable range of oxygen vacancies. The room-temperature ferromagnetism is tunable from a high saturation magnetization of 500 emu cm-3 to below 25 emu cm-3, with the evolving electrical resistivity from 5 × 103 μΩ cm to above 2.5 × 105 μΩ cm. Inhomogeneous nano-crystallization emerges with decreasing oxygen vacancies, driving the system towards non-ferromagnetism and insulating regime. Our work unfolds the novel functionalities of amorphous nonstoichiometric inhomogeneous oxides, which opens up new opportunities for developing spintronic materials with superior magnetic and transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Li
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ruimin Qiao
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Apurva Mehta
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Weiming Lü
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Tie Zhou
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Elke Arenholz
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yanxue Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Yufeng Tian
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lihui Bai
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rongkun Zheng
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Shishen Yan
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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Wen Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Xia C, Zhai B, Zhang X, Zhai G, Shen C, He P, Cheng R, Yin L, Yao Y, Getaye Sendeku M, Wang Z, Ye X, Liu C, Jiang C, Shan C, Long Y, He J. Tunable Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in Two-Dimensional Cr 2Te 3. Nano Lett 2020; 20:3130-3139. [PMID: 32338924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of magnetism provides a unique opportunity for the development of data storage and spintronic applications. Until now, electrical control, pressure tuning, stacking structure dependence, and nanoscale engineering have been realized. However, as the dimensions are decreased, the decrease of the ferromagnetism phase transition temperature (Tc) is a universal trend in ferromagnets. Here, we make a breakthrough to realize the synthesis of 1 and 2 unit cell (UC) Cr2Te3 and discover a room-temperature ferromagnetism in two-dimensional Cr2Te3. The newly observed Tc increases strongly from 160 K in the thick flake (40.3 nm) to 280 K in 6 UC Cr2Te3 (7.1 nm). The magnetization and anomalous Hall effect measurements provided unambiguous evidence for the existence of spontaneous magnetization at room temperature. The theoretical model revealed that the reconstruction of Cr2Te3 could result in anomalous thickness-dependent Tc. This dimension tuning method opens up a new avenue for manipulation of ferromagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wen
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhehong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Congxin Xia
- Department of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Baoxing Zhai
- Department of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guihao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng He
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiqing Cheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Yin
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuyu Yao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Marshet Getaye Sendeku
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xubing Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuansheng Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chongxin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Youwen Long
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jun He
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Luo X, Lee WT, Xing G, Bao N, Yonis A, Chu D, Lee J, Ding J, Li S, Yi J. Ferromagnetic ordering in Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:625. [PMID: 25435834 PMCID: PMC4244625 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zn1 - x Mn x O nanoparticles have been synthesized by hydrothermal technique. The doping concentration of Mn can reach up to 9 at% without precipitation or secondary phase, confirmed by electron spin resonance (ESR) and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD). Room-temperature ferromagnetism is observed in the as-prepared nanoparticles. However, the room-temperature ferromagnetism disappears after post-annealing in either argon or air atmosphere, indicating the importance of post-treatment for nanostructured magnetic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2 High Street, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wai-Tung Lee
- Bragg Institute, ANSTO, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Guozhong Xing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2 High Street, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nina Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Adnan Yonis
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2 High Street, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2 High Street, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiunn Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2 High Street, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Sean Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2 High Street, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiabao Yi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2 High Street, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Lee KW, Kweon H, Lee CE. Field-induced transition from room-temperature ferromagnetism to diamagnetism in proton-irradiated fullerene. Adv Mater 2013; 25:5663-5667. [PMID: 23946203 DOI: 10.1002/adma201301635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature ferromagnetism in proton-irradiated C60 fullerene is demonstrated. The ferromagnetism turns into diamagnetism intrinsic to the fullerene as the magnetic field increases above a critical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Won Lee
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nano Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
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