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Kumar M, Panday DP, Bhagat C, Herbha N, Agarwal V. Demystifying the decadal shift in the extent of groundwater in the coastal aquifers of Gujarat, India: A case of reduced extent but increased magnitude of seawater intrusion. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:165451. [PMID: 37451470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Catastrophic increase in urbanisation and industrialisation along the coastal region leads to increased stress on groundwater reservoirs worldwide. As a growing economy, India faces extreme water crises due to rising water demand and escalating salinisation, specifically in the coastal districts. Therefore, this study shows the implication of a comprehensive modelling approach to assess the spatiotemporal changes in hydrogeochemical processes in the coastal aquifer of the Surat district. Using a multi-model assessment approach, the present study focuses on the decadal evolution in groundwater quality of the coastal aquifers of Surat, Gujarat. Fifty-one groundwater samples were collected for 2008, 2012, and 2018 to assess the spatio-temporal shift in groundwater quality. Piper diagram revealed a shift of hydrogeochemical facies from Mg2+-HCO3- type to Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl- type, indicating the increased salinisation over a decade. The result suggests that rock-water interaction, seawater intrusion mechanism, and anthropogenic activities (intensive agricultural activities and improper waste management) govern the hydrogeochemical processes in the coastal aquifer. A shift of dominance of carbonate weathering to silicate weathering with the dissolution of calcite, dolomite, and gypsum, changing the hydrogeochemistry, was observed over the last decades. This shift leads to the increasing hardness of groundwater. The enrichment of nutrients in groundwater during 2018 (NO3- = 2 to 85 mg. L-1) compared to 2008 (NO3- = 1 to 36 mg.L-1) indicates the increasing imprints of agricultural fertilizer application and human organic waste through sewage contamination on the coastal aquifer. The seawater mixing index model demonstrates that extent of seawater intrusion reduced in 2018 compared to 2012, but the magnitude increased near the coastal talukas (SMI =9.5). The present study helps to understand the increasing anthropogenic activities over a decade leading to increased salinisation and groundwater contamination in the aquifer system. This work can help local stakeholders, water resource managers, and the state government manage the groundwater resources and the future potential threat of aquifer contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Durga Prasad Panday
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Chandrashekhar Bhagat
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Nilkanth Herbha
- Discipline of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Vivek Agarwal
- Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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Cindrić AM, Marcinek S, Garnier C, Salaün P, Cukrov N, Oursel B, Lenoble V, Omanović D. Evaluation of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique for speciation of trace metals in estuarine waters - A multimethodological approach. Sci Total Environ 2020; 721:137784. [PMID: 32172124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the potential bioavailability of trace metals (TM) in marine systems is of prime importance to implement adapted regulations and efficiently protect our coastal and estuarine waters. In this study Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT) technique with two different pore size was used to evaluate the potentially bioavailable fractions (DGT-labile) of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn at various depths of a highly stratified estuary (the Krka River estuary, Croatia) both in winter and summer. DGT-labile concentrations were compared to (1) total dissolved concentrations, (2) concentrations of labile species measured by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV-labile) for Cu and (3) concentrations derived by chemical speciation modelling. High correlation between dissolved and DGT-labile concentrations was found for all metals, except for Zn where contamination problems prevented reliable conclusions. Percentages of DGT-labile fractions over total dissolved concentrations were (AVG ± SD): 92 ± 3%, 64 ± 2%, 23 ± 5%, 61 ± 3% and 57 ± 6% for Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Co, respectively. No significant difference was found between trace metal concentrations measured with an open pore and restricted pore devices, implying the predominance of kinetically labile metal complexes smaller than 1 nm. For Cu, ASV-labile and DGT labile concentrations were highly correlated (0.97) with ASV-labile concentration being around 35% lower than that of the DGT-labile. Modelling of chemical speciation reliably predicted dynamic (free, inorganic and part of organic complexes) concentration of Cd, whereas dynamic concentrations of Cu and Pb were underestimated by 32% and 65%, respectively. In view of the relative simplicity of DGT devices, they are well suited for the monitoring effort of coastal waters, informing on potentially bioavailable concentrations of TM and thereby, helping to achieve good environmental status of coastal waters, as stipulated within the EU Water Framework Directive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Marija Cindrić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saša Marcinek
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cédric Garnier
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, La Garde, France
| | - Pascal Salaün
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
| | - Neven Cukrov
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Benjamin Oursel
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, La Garde, France
| | - Véronique Lenoble
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, La Garde, France
| | - Dario Omanović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Hummel W, Filella M, Rowland D. Where to find equilibrium constants? Sci Total Environ 2019; 692:49-59. [PMID: 31336301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A crucial part of any equilibrium modelling calculation is the selection of equilibrium constants that quantify the strength of interactions between metals and ligands. For researchers new to the field of solution chemistry, locating suitable equilibrium constants that lead to reliable model results can be problematic. Numerous large compilations of equilibrium constant values have been published each having their own limitations, coverage and availability. This work surveys eleven major compilations of equilibrium constants including those from authoritative groups such as IUPAC, NIST, and NEA. For each compilation surveyed, details are given related to the historical background and underlying project, scope of the database with respect to range of included metals and ligands, and the present-day availability of publications or computer databases resulting from the project. The various methods employed by different data compilers in their critical assessment for each compilation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Hummel
- Laboratory for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Montserrat Filella
- Department F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Darren Rowland
- Fluid Science and Resources Division, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
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Beauvais-Flück R, Slaveykova VI, Cosio C. Comparative study of Cu uptake and early transcriptome responses in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the macrophyte Elodea nuttallii. Environ Pollut 2019; 250:331-337. [PMID: 31003145 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are widely used as representative primary producers in ecotoxicology, while macrophytes are much less studied. Here we compared the bioavailability and cellular toxicity pathways of 2 h-exposure to 10-6 mol L-1 Cu in the macrophyte Elodea nuttallii and the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Uptake rate was similar but faster in the algae than in the macrophyte, while RNA-Sequencing revealed a similar number of regulated genes. Early-regulated genes were congruent with expected adverse outcome pathways for Cu with Gene Ontology terms including gene regulation, energy metabolism, transport, cell processes, stress, antioxidant metabolism and development. However, the gene regulation level was higher in E. nuttallii than in C. reinhardtii and several categories were more represented in the macrophyte than in the microalga. Moreover, several categories including oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPP), nitrate metabolism and metal handling were only found for E. nuttallii, whereas categories such as cell motility, polyamine metabolism, mitochondrial electron transport and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) were unique to C. reinhardtii. These differences were attributed to morphological and metabolic differences and highlighted dissimilarities between a sessile and a mobile species. Our results highlight the efficiency of transcriptomics to assess early molecular responses in biota, and the importance of studying more aquatic plants for a better understanding on the impact and fate of environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Beauvais-Flück
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 66, Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Vera I Slaveykova
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 66, Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Cosio
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 66, Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Fakier S, Rodgers A, Jackson G. Potential thermodynamic and kinetic roles of phytate as an inhibitor of kidney stone formation: theoretical modelling and crystallization experiments. Urolithiasis 2019; 47:493-502. [PMID: 30767040 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-019-01117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Kidney stone formation is governed by thermodynamic (supersaturation) and kinetic (crystal nucleation, growth, aggregation) mechanisms. We adopted a dual theoretical and experimental approach to investigate the potential role of urinary phytate in this regard. Thermodynamic constants for eight protonated phytate species and seven calcium-phytate complexes were determined by potentiometry and incorporated into the speciation program JESS. Urine was collected from 16 heathy males and their urine compositions were used as input for JESS. Phytate concentration was varied during modelling. No statistically significant decreases in Ca2+ concentrations or in supersaturation values were predicted by JESS. Crystallization experiments were then performed in pooled urine. Endogenous phytate concentration was determined using a metal-dye assay. The pool was dosed with various concentrations of phytate to achieve final concentrations equivalent to those used for modelling. Experiments showed that phytate had no effects on Ca2+ concentrations (as predicted by our theoretical modelling), metastable limits or crystal nucleation and growth kinetics. However, crystal aggregation kinetics was inhibited. We speculate that HPhy-11, small amounts of which were revealed by modelling, may bind to crystal surfaces and inhibit aggregation. We conclude that phytate exerts a kinetic, but not a thermodynamic inhibitory effect on crystallization in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saajidah Fakier
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Private Bag, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Allen Rodgers
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Private Bag, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Graham Jackson
- 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Private Bag, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
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Omanović D, Pižeta I, Vukosav P, Kovács E, Frančišković-Bilinski S, Tamás J. Assessing element distribution and speciation in a stream at abandoned Pb-Zn mining site by combining classical, in-situ DGT and modelling approaches. Sci Total Environ 2015; 511:423-34. [PMID: 25569578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and speciation of elements along a stream subjected to neutralised acid mine drainage (NAMD) effluent waters (Mátra Mountain, Hungary; Toka stream) were studied by a multi-methodological approach: dissolved and particulate fractions of elements were determined by HR-ICPMS, whereas speciation was carried out by DGT, supported by speciation modelling performed by Visual MINTEQ. Before the NAMD discharge, the Toka is considered as a pristine stream, with averages of dissolved concentrations of elements lower than world averages. A considerable increase of element concentrations caused by effluent water inflow is followed by a sharp or gradual concentration decrease. A large difference between total and dissolved concentrations was found for Fe, Al, Pb, Cu, Zn and As in effluent water and at the first downstream site, with high correlation factors between elements in particulate fraction, indicating their common behaviour, governed by the formation of ferri(hydr)oxides (co)precipitates. In-situ speciation by the DGT technique revealed that Zn, Cd, Ni, Co, Mn and U were predominantly present as a labile, potentially bioavailable fraction (>90%). The formation of strong complexes with dissolved organic matter (DOM) resulted in a relatively low DGT-labile concentration of Cu (42%), while low DGT-labile concentrations of Fe (5%) and Pb (12%) were presumably caused by their existence in colloidal (particulate) fraction which is not accessible to DGT. Except for Fe and Pb, a very good agreement between DGT-labile concentrations and those predicted by the applied speciation model was obtained, with an average correlation factor of 0.96. This study showed that the in-situ DGT technique in combination with model-predicted speciation and classical analysis of samples could provide a reasonable set of data for the assessment of the water quality status (WQS), as well as for the more general study of overall behaviour of the elements in natural waters subjected to high element loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Omanović
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivanka Pižeta
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Vukosav
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elza Kovács
- Institute of Water and Environmental Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - János Tamás
- Institute of Water and Environmental Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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