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Yakushev A, Lens L, Düllmann CE, Block M, Brand H, Calverley T, Dasgupta M, Di Nitto A, Götz M, Götz S, Haba H, Harkness-Brennan L, Herzberg RD, Heßberger FP, Hinde D, Hübner A, Jäger E, Judson D, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Komori Y, Konki J, Kratz J, Krier J, Kurz N, Laatiaoui M, Lommel B, Lorenz C, Maiti M, Mistry A, Mokry C, Nagame Y, Papadakis P, Såmark-Roth A, Rudolph D, Runke J, Sarmiento L, Sato T, Schädel M, Scharrer P, Schausten B, Steiner J, Thörle-Pospiech P, Toyoshima A, Trautmann N, Uusitalo J, Ward A, Wegrzecki M, Yakusheva V. First Study on Nihonium (Nh, Element 113) Chemistry at TASCA. Front Chem 2021; 9:753738. [PMID: 34917588 PMCID: PMC8669335 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.753738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nihonium (Nh, element 113) and flerovium (Fl, element 114) are the first superheavy elements in which the 7p shell is occupied. High volatility and inertness were predicted for Fl due to the strong relativistic stabilization of the closed 7p 1/2 sub-shell, which originates from a large spin-orbit splitting between the 7p 1/2 and 7p 3/2 orbitals. One unpaired electron in the outermost 7p 1/2 sub-shell in Nh is expected to give rise to a higher chemical reactivity. Theoretical predictions of Nh reactivity are discussed, along with results of the first experimental attempts to study Nh chemistry in the gas phase. The experimental observations verify a higher chemical reactivity of Nh atoms compared to its neighbor Fl and call for the development of advanced setups. First tests of a newly developed detection device miniCOMPACT with highly reactive Fr isotopes assure that effective chemical studies of Nh are within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - L. Lens
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch. E. Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - H. Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T. Calverley
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M. Dasgupta
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - A. Di Nitto
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - R-D. Herzberg
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - F. P. Heßberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Hinde
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - A. Hübner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E. Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D. Judson
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J. Khuyagbaatar
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - J. Konki
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J.V. Kratz
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N. Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Laatiaoui
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - M. Maiti
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - A.K. Mistry
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch. Mokry
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Y. Nagame
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | - P. Papadakis
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - D. Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J. Runke
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - T.K. Sato
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | - M. Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P. Scharrer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J. Steiner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P. Thörle-Pospiech
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - N. Trautmann
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Uusitalo
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A. Ward
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M. Wegrzecki
- Łukasiewicz-Instytut Mikroelektroniki I Fotoniki, Warsaw, Poland
| | - V. Yakusheva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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