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Ren H, Yong J, Yang Q, Yang Z, Liu Z, Xu Y, Wang H, Jiang X, Miao W, Li X. Self-assembled FeS-based cascade bioreactor with enhanced tumor penetration and synergistic treatments to trigger robust cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3244-61. [PMID: 34729313 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Major challenges for cancer treatment are how to effectively eliminate primary tumor and sufficiently induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) to provoke a robust immune response for metastasis control. Here, a self-assembled cascade bioreactor was developed to improve cancer treatment with enhanced tumor penetration and synergistic therapy of starvation, chemodynamic (CDT) and photothermal therapy. Ultrasmall FeS-GOx nanodots were synthesized with glucose oxidase (GOx) as template and induced by paclitaxel (PTX) to form self-assembling FeS-GOx@PTX (FGP) via hydrophobic interaction. After accumulated at tumor sites, FGP disassembles to smaller FeS-GOx for enhanced deep tumor penetration. GOx maintains high enzymatic activity to catalyze glucose with assistant of oxygen to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as starvation therapy. Fenton reaction involving the regenerated H2O2 in turn produced more hydroxyl radicals for enhanced CDT. Following near-infrared laser at 808 nm, FGPs displayed pronounced tumor inhibition in vitro and in vivo by the combination therapy. The consequent increased exposure to calreticulin amplified ICD and promoted dendritic cells maturation. In combination with anti-CTLA4 checkpoint blockade, FGP can absolutely eliminate primary tumor and avidly inhibit distant tumors due to the enhanced intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Our work presents a promising strategy for primary tumor and metastasis inhibition.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatise
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CDT, chemodynamic therapy
- CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscope
- CREA, creatinine
- CRT, calreticulin
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
- CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- Cancer immunotherapy
- Ce6, Chlorin e6
- DAMPs, damage-related molecular patterns
- DAPI, 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DMPO, dimethyl pyridine N-oxide
- EDC, 1-ethyl-3-(3ʹ-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide
- EDS, energy-dispersive spectrometry
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- ESR, electron spin resonance
- FG, FeS-GOx nanodots
- FGP, FeS-GOx@PTX nanoparticles
- FITC, fluorescein Isothiocyanate
- FeCl2·4H2O, iron dichloride tetrahydrate
- FeS-based cascade bioreactor
- GOx, glucose oxidase
- Glu, glucose
- Glucose oxidase
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- H2DCFDA, 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein acetoacetic acid
- HMGB-1, high mobility group box protein 1
- HPF, 2-[6-(4,-hydroxy) phenoxy-3H-xanthene-3-on-9-yl
- HSA, human serum albumin
- ICB, immune checkpoint blockade
- ICD amplifier
- ICD, immunogenic cell death
- IFN-γ, interferon-γ
- MB, methylene blue
- MCTS, multicellular tumor spheroids
- MFI, median fluorescence Intensity
- Metastasis inhibition
- NHS, N-hydroxy succinimide
- Na2S, sodium sulfide
- OH, hydroxyl
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PTT, photothermal therapy
- PTX, paclitaxel
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SEM, scanning electron microscope
- Synergistic therapy
- TAA, tumor-associated antigens
- TDLN, tumor-draining lymph nodes
- TEM, transmission microscope
- TMB, 3,3ʹ,5,5ʹ-tetramathylbenzidine
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling
- Tumor penetration
- XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- XRD, X-ray diffraction patterns
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Qin X, Xu Y, Zhou X, Gong T, Zhang ZR, Fu Y. An injectable micelle-hydrogel hybrid for localized and prolonged drug delivery in the management of renal fibrosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:835-847. [PMID: 33777685 PMCID: PMC7982499 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized delivery, comparing to systemic drug administration, offers a unique alternative to enhance efficacy, lower dosage, and minimize systemic tissue toxicity by releasing therapeutics locally and specifically to the site of interests. Herein, a localized drug delivery platform ("plum‒pudding" structure) with controlled release and long-acting features is developed through an injectable hydrogel ("pudding") crosslinked via self-assembled triblock polymeric micelles ("plum") to help reduce renal interstitial fibrosis. This strategy achieves controlled and prolonged release of model therapeutics in the kidney for up to three weeks in mice. Following a single injection, local treatments containing either anti-inflammatory small molecule celastrol or anti-TGFβ antibody effectively minimize inflammation while alleviating fibrosis via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway or neutralizing TGF-β1 locally. Importantly, the micelle-hydrogel hybrid based localized therapy shows enhanced efficacy without local or systemic toxicity, which may represent a clinically relevant delivery platform in the management of renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Key Words
- Anti-TGFβ antibody
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CLT, celastrol
- Celastrol
- Controlled release
- Cy5.5-NHS, cyanine 5.5-N-hydroxysuccinimide
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DEX, dexamethasone
- DiD, 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindodicarbocyanineperchlorate
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EDCI, carbodiimide hydrochloride
- ESR, equilibrium swelling ratio
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- G", the loss modulus
- G', storage modulus
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HASH, thiolated hyaluronic acid
- Hydrogel
- IL-1β, interleukin 1β
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- Inflammation
- Localized therapy
- MOD, mean optical density
- NHS, N-hydroxysuccinimide
- PDI, polydispersity index
- RIF, renal interstitial fibrosis
- RSR, real-time swelling ratio
- Renal fibrosis
- SD, standard deviation
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling
- UUO, unilateral ureteral obstruction
- bis-F127-MA, bis-F127-methacrylate
- iNOS, nitric oxide synthase
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
- “Plum‒pudding” structure
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Choi SR, Lee J, Seo YJ, Kong HS, Kim M, Jin E, Lee JR, Lee JH. Molecular basis of ice-binding and cryopreservation activities of type III antifreeze proteins. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:897-909. [PMID: 33598104 PMCID: PMC7851773 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The QAE2ACT and SP ACT mutants showed full TH and IRI activities. Active AFPs effectively preserved intact follicle and prevented DSB damage. Active AFPs exhibited unique structural feature in the first 310 helix of the IBS. Unique structure of the IBS determines TH, IRI, and cryopreservation activities.
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) can inhibit the freezing of body fluid at subzero temperatures to promote the survival of various organisms living in polar regions. Type III AFPs are categorized into three subgroups, QAE1, QAE2, and SP isoforms, based on differences in their isoelectric points. We determined the thermal hysteresis (TH), ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI), and cryopreservation activity of three isoforms of the notched-fin eelpout AFP and their mutant constructs and characterized their structural and dynamic features using NMR. The QAE1 isoform is the most active among the three classes of III AFP isoforms, and the mutants of inactive QAE2 and SP isoforms, QAE2ACT and SPACT, displayed the full TH and IRI activities with resepect to QAE1 isoform. Cryopreservation studies using mouse ovarian tissue revealed that the QAE1 isoform and the active mutants, QAE2ACT and SPACT, more effectively preserved intact follicle morphology and prevented DNA double-strand break damage more efficiently than the inactive isoforms. It was also found that all active AFPs, QAE1, QAE2ACT, and SPACT, formed unique H-bonds with the first 310 helix, an interaction that plays an important role in the formation of anchored clathrate water networks for efficient binding to the primary prism and pyramidal planes of ice crystals, which was disrupted in the inactive isoforms. Our studies provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of the TH and IRI activity, as well as the cryopreservation efficiency, of type III AFPs.
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Key Words
- AFP, Antifreeze protein
- Antifreeze protein
- CPA, cryoprotective agent
- Cryopreservation
- D-PBS, Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DSB, double-strand break
- EG, ethylene glycol
- H-bond, hydrogen bond
- IBP, ice-binding protein
- IBS, ice-binding surface
- IRI, ice recrystallization inhibition
- Ice crystallization inhibition
- NMR
- OT, ovarian tissue
- QAE, quaternary-amino-ethyl
- RT, room temperature
- SP, sulfopropyl
- TH, thermal hysteresis
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling
- Thermal hysteresis
- nfeAFP, notched-fin eelpout AFP
- wt, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Ree Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewang Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Gyeonggi 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sun Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ryeol Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Hwa Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarise the latest evidence on the role of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in male factor infertility, as SDF has been emerging as a valuable tool for male infertility evaluation. METHODS A search of PubMed was conducted using the keywords 'sperm DNA fragmentation' and 'male infertility'. Studies in languages other than English were excluded. All identified studies were screened and clinical studies in humans were included. RESULTS In all, 150 articles were included for analysis. Current evidence supports the association between high SDF and poor reproductive outcomes for natural conception and intrauterine insemination. Although the relationship between high SDF and in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection is less clear, the negative implication of high SDF on pregnancy loss is evident. Various treatment strategies have been attempted with varying success. The predictive value of SDF testing on outcomes of natural pregnancy and assisted reproduction illustrates its value in clinical practice. CONCLUSION The significant role of SDF in male factor infertility is supported by current evidence. The beneficial role of SDF testing in selection of varicocelectomy candidates, evaluation of patients with unexplained infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss, selection of the most appropriate assisted reproductive technique with highest success rate for infertile couples, and assessment of infertile men with modifiable lifestyle factors or gonadotoxin exposure has been recently proposed.
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Key Words
- ART, assisted reproductive technology
- ASRM, American Society for Reproductive Medicine
- Assisted reproductive technology (ART)
- Comet, single cell gel electrophoresis assay
- EAU, European Association of Urology
- ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection
- IMSI, intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection
- IUI, intrauterine insemination
- IVF, in vitro fertilisation
- MACS, magnetic cell sorting
- Male infertility
- OR, odds ratio
- PICSI, physiological ICSI with hyaluronic acid binding assay
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RR, relative risk
- SCD, sperm chromatin dispersion
- SCSA, sperm chromatin structure assay
- SDF, sperm DNA fragmentation
- Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF)
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak-Lam Cho
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yaumatei, Hong Kong
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Ganguly S, Chandra A, Chattopadhyay DJ, Chatterjee IB. p-Benzoquinone initiates non-invasive urothelial cancer through aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR, MAP kinase activation and cell cycle deregulation: Prevention by vitamin C. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:296-305. [PMID: 28959653 PMCID: PMC5615141 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
p-Benzoquinone induces non-invasive urothelial carcinoma in a guinea pig model. The mechanisms involved are persistent growth signaling and cell cycle deregulation. Vitamin C prevents p-benzoquinone-induced non-invasive urothelial carcinoma.
According to WHO classification system, non-invasive urothelial carcinoma represents urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) and dysplasia. Dysplastic urothelium often progresses to CIS that further advances to urothelial carcinoma (UC). The strongest risk factor for UC is cigarette smoking. However, the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced UC is poorly understood. Earlier we had shown that p-benzoquinone (p-BQ), a major toxic quinone derived from p-benzosemiquinone of CS in vivo, is a causative factor for various CS-induced diseases. Here, using a guinea pig model we showed that prolonged treatment with p-BQ led to non-invasive UC, specifically carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the renal pelvis and dysplasia in the ureter and bladder. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis were p-BQ-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis that were later suppressed and followed by activation of epidermal growth factor receptor, aberrant phosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine residues, activation of MAP kinase pathway and persistent growth signaling. This was accompanied by deregulation of cell cycle as shown by marked decrease in the expression of p21waf1/cip1 and cyclin D1 proteins as well as hyperphosphorylation of pRb. UC has been characterised by histopathology and immunohistochemistry showing aberrant CK20, increased Ki-67, and marked p53 nuclear immunopositivity with uniformly negative labelling of CD44. Oral supplementation of vitamin C (30 mg/kg body weight/day) prevented CIS of the renal pelvis and dysplasia in the ureter and bladder. Since majority of non-invasive UC progresses to invasive cancer with increased risk of mortality, our preclinical study might help to devise effective strategies for early intervention of the disease.
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Key Words
- Aberrant EGFR activation
- Bax, BCL2-associated X protein
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CIS, carcinoma in situ
- CS, cigarette smoke
- Carcinoma in situ
- Cell cycle deregulation
- DNPH, 2 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
- Dysplasia
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer
- MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase
- PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SDS PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling
- UC, urothelial carcinoma
- Vitamin C
- WHO, World Health Organization
- p-BQ, p-benzoquinone
- p-BSQ, p-benzosemiquinone
- p-Benzoquinone
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjini Ganguly
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Ayan Chandra
- Department of Statistics, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata 700016, India
| | - Dhruba J Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Indu B Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
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