Public health training in public institutions' speech-language-hearing programs in Northeastern Brazil: a curricular framework study

PURPOSE

To describe the characteristics of the initial public health training for speech-language-hearing therapists in Northeastern Brazil.

METHODS

The research was based on the curricular framework of public higher education institutions in the Northeast. The analysis approached each institution's general speech-language-hearing program data (state where it is located, total course load, and most recent curricular framework reformulation) and specific data on public health courses (their individual course load, the term when it is offered, syllabus content, whether it was theoretical, practical, both, or internship, and whether it was required or elective).

RESULTS

The data show that eight public higher education institutions in the Northeast offer speech-language-hearing programs, whose pedagogical frameworks date from 2009 to 2021. The total course load of those related to public health ranges from 7.5% to 20.5% of the total program among those analyzed. Most courses were elective, exclusively theoretical, and were offered in the first half of the program.

CONCLUSION

The initial public health training for speech-language-hearing therapists in public higher education institutions in the Northeast still seems to be based on traditional practices. These create a distance between students, public health, and practices that meet the principles of Health Unic System (in Portuguese - Sistema Único de Saúde) and the population's real needs, especially in primary healthcare.

Research on the Effect of Executive Incentive Institutional Innovation on the Cost of Equity-Evidence From Chinese Listed Companies

Executive incentive has long been a hot topic among academics and practitioners. With the continuous development of China's manager market, the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship among executives has exerted a greater influence on corporate performance. Enterprise innovation is an important part of the entrepreneurial spirit. Moreover, China's supply-side reforms and compensation system of the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have been advanced and innovative. Therefore, based on the manager human capital theory and the organizational innovation theory, and using 15,492 firm-year observations from China's Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies for the period 2005–2018, we constructed various models, including the Gorden model, the Growth Rate of Price–Earnings Ratio model (PEG), the Ohlson and Juettner-Nauroth model (OJ), and the Capital Asset Pricing model (CAPM), to measure the cost of equity. We investigated the effect of the institutional innovation of executive incentives on the cost of equity, and the heterogeneous influence of China's special property rights system on the relationship between the two. We found that the innovations of the executive incentive system have a positive governance effect on the cost of equity. In particular, executive compensation incentives significantly reduce a company's equity costs. We also find that the state-owned property rights may weaken the positive effect of institutional innovation of executive incentives. Furthermore, China's executive incentives system and corporate governance mechanism are imperfect; and therefore, institutional innovation is a matter of great urgency and more innovative ideas for the manager market need to be introduced. China's listed companies should give full play to the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship, constantly innovating incentive-based compensation systems of companies, and establishing a scientific and innovative concept of the cost of equity. The findings are robust after controlling for potential endogeneity concerns.

Validation and Adaptation of the Academic-Resilience Scale in the Spanish Context

The aim of this study was to validate and adapt the academic-resilience scale in the Spanish context. The study involved 2967 university students aged 18-33 (Mean, M = 23.65; Standard Deviation, SD = 2.57) from several universities in Andalusia (Spain). Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses revealed adequate adjustment rates for the new version of the scale showing the factorial structure invariant with respect to that generated. Three factors that integrate the scale obtained high correlation, internal consistency, and temporal stability. The Spanish version of the academic-resilience scale was shown to have adequate psychometric properties to measure academic resilience in the Spanish university context.

Oncology Resources for Students Enrolled in Pre-Licensure and Graduate Nursing Programs in the United States: A Scoping Review of the Literature

OBJECTIVES

This scoping review summarizes oncology resources for pre-licensure and graduate nursing programs in the United States.

DATA SOURCES

PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases were searched to identify resources (2008-2019) published in peer-reviewed journals. While 1,503 papers were initially identified, 49 met inclusion criteria.

CONCLUSION

Thematic analysis revealed five themes with subthemes: (1) didactic courses; (2) clinical opportunities; (3) didactic and clinical resources; (4) simulation resources; and (5) other.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE

Academic educators are charged with preparing a nursing workforce capable of providing safe and quality evidence-based care across the cancer continuum. Findings offer examples that overcome curriculum barriers.

Education, training, and practice among nordic neuropsychologists. Results from a professional practices survey

OBJECTIVE

To investigate sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and academic training, work setting and salary, clinical activities, and salary and job satisfaction among practicing neuropsychologists in four Nordic countries.

METHODS

890 neuropsychologists from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden participated in an internet-based survey between December 2013 and June 2015.

RESULTS

Three-fourths (76%) of the participants were women, with a mean age of 47 years (range 24-79). In the total sample, 11% earned a PhD and 42% were approved as specialists in neuropsychology (equivalent to board certification in the U.S.). Approximately 72% worked full-time, and only 1% were unemployed. Of the participants, 66% worked in a hospital setting, and 93% had conducted neuropsychological assessments during the last year. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disability, and intellectual disability were the most common conditions seen by neuropsychologists. A mean income of 53,277 Euros was found. Neuropsychologists expressed greater job satisfaction than income satisfaction. Significant differences were found between the Nordic countries. Finnish neuropsychologists were younger and worked more hours every week. Fewer Swedish neuropsychologists had obtained specialist approval and fewer worked full-time in neuropsychology positions. Danish and Norwegian neuropsychologists earned more money than their Nordic colleagues.

CONCLUSION

This is the first professional practice survey of Nordic neuropsychologists to provide information about sociodemographic characteristics and work setting factors. Despite the well-established guidelines for academic and clinical education, there are relevant differences between the Nordic countries. The results of the study offer guidance for refining the development of organized and highly functioning neuropsychological specialty practices in Nordic countries.

To Punish or Not to Punish-That Is the Question

Attitudes toward punishment have long been of interest to policymakers, researchers, and criminal justice practitioners. The current study examined the relationship between academic education in criminology and attitudes toward punishment among 477 undergraduate students in three subgroups: police officers, correctional officers, and criminology students who were not employed by the criminal justice system (CJS). Our main findings concluded that (a) punitive attitudes of the correctional officers and police officers at the beginning of their academic studies were harsher than those of the criminology and criminal justice students who were not employed by the CJS, (b) punitive attitudes of the correctional officers at the end of their academic studies were less severe than their first-year counterparts, (c) fear of crime was higher among women than among men, and (d) the strongest predictor of punitive attitudes was a firm belief in the principles of the classical and labeling theories (beyond group). Implications of these results are discussed.

How to Avoid Doctor of Nursing Practice Reality Shock 2.0: From Clinical Practice to the Classroom

"Reality shock 1.0," which is experienced by new nursing graduates as they enter the nursing profession, has been an issue of concern for decades. Since the proliferation of multiple nursing doctoral degree programs, beginning in approximately 2004, when the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2013) recommended that the doctor of nursing practice (DNP) replace the master's degree as the minimum for advanced practice nursing, an era of reverse "reality shock 2.0" may be developing for graduates of DNP programs. Specifically, early evidence indicates that the acquisition of an academic position, and its attendant transition back to the academia, may be difficult. The purpose of this article is to deconstruct the typical process of being interviewed and accepted (appointed) as a tenure-track faculty member at a teaching-intensive 4-year public institution and to recommend strategies for obtaining the best salary, benefits, and other resources during the negotiation process.