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Liu L, Islam MZ, Liu X, Gupta M, Rozmus W, Mandal M, Tsui YY. Multi-wavelength multi-direction laser light scattering for cell characterization using machine learning-based methods. Cytometry A 2023; 103:796-806. [PMID: 37309309 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell identification and analysis play a crucial role in many biology- and health-related applications. The internal and surface structures of a cell are complex and many of the features are sub-micron in scale. Well-resolved images of these features cannot be obtained using optical microscopy. Previous studies have reported that the single-cell angular laser-light scattering patterns (ALSP) can be used for label-free cell identification and analysis. The ALSP can be affected by cell properties and the wavelength of the probing laser. Two cell properties, cell surface roughness and the number of mitochondria, are investigated in this study. The effects of probing laser wavelengths (blue, green, and red) and the directions of scattered light collection (forward, side, and backward) are studied to determine the optimum conditions for distinguishing the two cell properties. Machine learning (ML) analysis has been applied to ALSP obtained from numerical simulations. The results of ML analysis show that the backward scattering is the best direction for characterizing the surface roughness, while the forward scattering is the best direction for differentiating the number of mitochondria. The laser light having red or green wavelength is found to perform better than that having the blue wavelength in differentiating the surface roughness and the number of mitochondria. This study provides important insights into the effects of probing laser wavelength on gaining information about cells from their ALSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Md Zahurul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Manisha Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Wojciech Rozmus
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mrinal Mandal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ying Yin Tsui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Halaney DL, Zahedivash A, Phipps JE, Wang T, Dwelle J, Saux CJL, Asmis R, Milner TE, Feldman MD. Differences in forward angular light scattering distributions between M1 and M2 macrophages. J Biomed Opt 2015; 20:115002. [PMID: 26538329 PMCID: PMC4881287 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.11.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to distinguish macrophage subtypes noninvasively could have diagnostic potential in cancer, atherosclerosis, and diabetes, where polarized M1 and M2 macrophages play critical and often opposing roles. Current methods to distinguish macrophage subtypes rely on tissue biopsy. Optical imaging techniques based on light scattering are of interest as they can be translated into biopsy-free strategies. Because mitochondria are relatively strong subcellular light scattering centers, and M2 macrophages are known to have enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis compared to M1, we hypothesized that M1 and M2 macrophages may have different angular light scattering profiles. To test this, we developed an in vitro angle-resolved forward light scattering measurement system. We found that M1 and M2 macrophage monolayers scatter relatively unequal amounts of light in the forward direction between 1.6 deg and 3.2 deg with M2 forward scattering significantly more light than M1 at increasing angles. The ratio of forward scattering can be used to identify the polarization state of macrophage populations in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Halaney
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 7400 Merton Minter, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Aydin Zahedivash
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Phipps
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Tianyi Wang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jordan Dwelle
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 7400 Merton Minter, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Claude Jourdan Le Saux
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Reto Asmis
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Departments of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Biochemistry, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Thomas E. Milner
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Marc D. Feldman
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 7400 Merton Minter, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Marc D. Feldman, E-mail:
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