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Csorba A, Maneschg OA, Resch MD, Nagy ZZ. Examination of corneal microstructure in the quiescent phase of vernal keratoconjunctivitis using in vivo confocal microscopy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:196-202. [PMID: 35509192 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221099778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the morphological characteristics of corneal microstructure in the quiescent phase of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). METHODS Twenty patients with quiescent VKC and 25 healthy subjects were included. In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) of the central cornea was performed. Cellular density of each layer and the morphology of subbasal nerve plexus (SBNP) was analysed. Langerhans cell density (LCD), morphology (LCM), and field area (LCF) were also examined. RESULTS No differences were found either in cell densities nor in SBNP morphology (p > 0.05). LCD, LCM and LCF were significantly higher in the VKC group (p = 0.005, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The severity of papillary hypertrophy had a significant impact on LCD, LCM and LCF (β-coefficient: 19.541, p < 0.001; β-coefficient: 0.283, p < 0.001 and β-coefficient: 595.255, p < 0.001, respectively). DISCUSSION In quiescent VKC, LCD, LCM, and LCF were increased, and they were associated with the severity of papillary hypertrophy. Alterations of Langerhans cells indicate a subclinical inflammatory process without ocular symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Csorba
- Department of Ophthalmology, 97848Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Miklós Dénes Resch
- Department of Ophthalmology, 97848Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Zsolt Nagy
- Department of Ophthalmology, 97848Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Yalçındağ FN, Köse HC, Temel E. Comparative study of laser flare photometry versus slit-lamp cell measurement in pediatric chronic non-infectious anterior uveitis. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:382-390. [PMID: 35708177 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221107303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of laser flare photometry (LFP) for monitoring the course of intraocular inflammation in children with chronic anterior uveitis. METHODS Seventy-six eyes of 43 children with non-infectious chronic anterior uveitis were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS The median follow-up was 48.6 ± 23.1 months. Patients on immunosuppressive treatment at last follow-up, showed significantly higher flare values than patients who discontinued treatment (20.47 ± 15.49 vs. 6.33 ± 4.87 p < 0.001). The higher LFP values were correlated with the duration of immunosuppressive treatment, total duration of topical corticosteroid use and the risk for development of ocular complications at all follow-ups (all p < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between the AC cell grades and the duration of immunosuppressive treatment, topical corticosteroid use and the prevalence of complications. CONCLUSION LFP measurements have a predictive value of monitoring the course of uveitis and the occurrence of ocular complications, and it should be considered as a primary modality to monitor intraocular inflammation in children with chronic anterior uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Nilüfer Yalçındağ
- 63990Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Helin Ceren Köse
- 63990Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Temel
- 63990Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cenegermin 0.002% ophthalmic drops in the management of pediatric neurotrophic keratopathy (NK). METHODS Retrospective chart review of children under the age of 18 years diagnosed with NK at Boston Children's Hospital/Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and treated with topical cenegermin 0.002% ophthalmic solution between June 2018 and June 2021 was performed. Data collection included etiology of NK, age at time of initiation of topical cenegermin, laterality, ethnicity, gender, history of previous ocular therapy, pre- and post-therapy best corrected visual acuity, pre- and post-therapy cornea examination, any adverse events from topical cenegermin, associated ocular conditions, and history of ocular surgeries. RESULTS The current study includes four eyes of four pediatric patients with a mean age of 4.5 ± 2.0 years at the time of initiation of topical cenegermin therapy. The mean time from NK diagnosis until start of topical cenegermin drops was 5.2 ± 4.3 months and mean follow-up time was 15 ± 9.6 months. In all four patients, marked improvement in epitheliopathy was demonstrated after completion of therapy. Best corrected visual acuity was measurable in 3 eyes of 3 patients, and it improved from a mean of 0.07 ± 0.01 to a mean of 0.29 ± 0.26 (P = 0.3). No adverse events related to cenegermin therapy were noted. CONCLUSION Topical cenegermin was effective in improving corneal healing for pediatric NK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman M Elhusseiny
- Department of Ophthalmology, 1862Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, 1866Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aisha S Traish
- Department of Ophthalmology, 1862Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, 1866Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hajirah N Saeed
- Department of Ophthalmology, 1862Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, 1866Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iason S Mantagos
- Department of Ophthalmology, 1862Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, 1866Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Roszkowska AM, Alessandrello F, Waśniewska M, Tropeano A, Gargano R, Aragona P. Is keratoconus associated to thyroid diseases? Assessment of the corneal parameters in patients with congenital hypothyroidism. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:31-35. [PMID: 34399598 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211039946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between keratoconus and congenital hypothyroidism (CH). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups. The first group comprised 31 subjects (11M:20F) with the mean age of 15.2 ± 3.9 years. affected by CH, and the control group was composed by 19 healthy individuals (8M:11F) aged 14.3 ± 4.6 years. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination with visual acuity assessment, refraction, slit lamp examination, and retinoscopy. Corneal parameters were measured using Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam® Oculus, Germany). The main outcome measures considered for evaluation were: average corneal curvature (K), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior elevation and posterior elevation at the thinnest point, corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and anterior chamber volume (ACV). Additionally, data from Belin/Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD) and the high order aberrations were evaluated. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the Gaussian distribution, the comparison between the controls and cases group was performed by Mann-Whitney nonparametric test. A p value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The odds ratio was performed in order to quantify the relationship between the congenital hypothyroidism and abnormal values displayed on front BAD. RESULTS The significant difference in the refractive status between both groups was observed. As to examined corneal and anterior chamber parameters no statistical differences were detected. CONCLUSIONS Congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed and treated since the early postnatal life doesn't induce abnormalities of corneal parameters suggestive for keratoconus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Roszkowska
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Alessandrello
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Małgorzata Waśniewska
- Department of Human Pathology of Child and Adulthood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angelo Tropeano
- Department of Human Pathology of Child and Adulthood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Romina Gargano
- Department of Economics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Pasquale Aragona
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Serafino M, Trivedi RH, Wilson ME, Ramappa M, Achanta DSR, Nucci P. Outcomes after surgical removal of anterior epi-capsular plaque associated with persistent pupillary membranes in children. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:729-731. [PMID: 34053303 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211020638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anteriorepi-capsular plaque (ACP) is usually eccentric and is associated with persistent iris strands arising from the collarette. Outcomes of lens preserving ACP peeling along with removal of persistent pupillary membrane (PPM) strands have seldom been reported with only a few cases within some case series appearing in the literature. Herein we aim to report outcome after surgical removal of ACP associated with PPM in children. METHODS Research was done in three different Institutes. Charts were reviewed for all children who had undergone ACP removal surgery from 2010. Age at surgery, gender, preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), preoperative refraction, morphologic details of ACP, intraoperative complications, ophthalmic viscosurgical device use, age at last follow-up, postoperative complications, and postoperative BCVA were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 16 patients, 10 male and 6 female, were included in study. Age at surgery ranged from 2 to 86 months old. Age at last follow up visit ranged from 2 to 14 years old. Postoperative complications were not observed in any of the 16 patients. Specifically, in all patients the crystalline lens remained clear at the last follow up visit. CONCLUSIONS Congenital ACP of the lens associated with PPM and clear lens can be safely surgically removed with a very low risk of iatrogenic cataract in the early period after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Serafino
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rupal H Trivedi
- Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Muralidhar Ramappa
- Centre for Rare Eye Diseases and Ocular Genetics, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Divya Sree Ramya Achanta
- Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Paolo Nucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Lo Giudice G, Angelini E, Bini S, Candian T, Crudeli C, Galan A. Outcome of cataract surgery in children affected by malignancies other than retinoblastoma with eye-lens radiation exposure. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:11206721211009445. [PMID: 33843295 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211009445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe, retrospectively, the visual outcome, feasibility, and safety of cataract surgery in a pediatric population affected by iatrogenic cataract, secondary to systemic oncological treatment for malignancies other than retinoblastoma. METHODS Young patients, affected by radiation-induced cataract, who were referred to the San Paolo Ophthalmic Center in Padova between 2010 and 2017, were included in the study. All patients had previously received radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy treatment for malignancies, between 2004 and 2013. All medical records of infants who underwent cataract surgery were accurately reviewed. RESULTS Eighteen eyes out of 11 patients included in the study underwent cataract surgery. The mean age at surgery was 9.7 ± 3.6 years. The interval between tumor diagnosis and cataract development was around 3 years. Mean follow-up after surgery was 15.4 ± 6.3 months. All eyes underwent posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, posterior capsulotomy, and anterior vitrectomy in one time surgery. No intraoperative complications were shown. Post-operatively, only one eye received laser capsulotomy due to posterior capsule opacification. At the end of follow up, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 (LogMAR 0) in all eyes and significantly improved (p < 0.01) compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS Iatrogenic-cataract surgery in pediatric oncological patients is a safe and effective way to improve visual acuity. Posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy at the time of surgery reduce the rate of posterior lens opacification and guarantee an excellent visual acuity in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lo Giudice
- San Paolo Ophthalmic Center, San Antonio Hospital - University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Angelini
- San Paolo Ophthalmic Center, San Antonio Hospital - University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bini
- San Paolo Ophthalmic Center, San Antonio Hospital - University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Candian
- San Paolo Ophthalmic Center, San Antonio Hospital - University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Clorinda Crudeli
- San Paolo Ophthalmic Center, San Antonio Hospital - University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Galan
- San Paolo Ophthalmic Center, San Antonio Hospital - University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the aetiology, investigation and management of ophthalmia neonatorum (ON) presenting to a tertiary referral children's hospital over 5 years. METHODS The eye swab data of all neonates presenting to Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street (Dublin, Ireland) between 1st January 2013 and 3rd September 2018 was analysed. The medical records of all patients with positive eye swab results were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS A total of 157 neonates had positive eye swab results. 54 cases were identified as ON. Chlamydia trachomatis (20.4%) was the most common organism identified, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (18.5%), Haemophilus influenzae (14.8%), Moraxella catarrhalis (7.4%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (5.6%), Escherischia coli (3.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.9%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.9%). A bacterial culture swab was tested in all cases (100%), a C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae PCR swab in 70.4% and a viral PCR swab in 35.2%. On subanalysis of the cases that had C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae PCR testing, C. trachomatis was responsible for 28.9% of cases. 50% of cases were hospitalised, intravenous antibiotics were administered in 46.3% and macrolide therapy was prescribed in 38.9%. CONCLUSIONS C. trachomatis was the most common cause of ON in this study and may be responsible for an even higher proportion of cases due to incomplete testing. In keeping with studies in different populations, S. aureus, H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were also common. As a result, an improved management algorithm for cases of ON has been introduced in this centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gildea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Reinold Goetz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard Drew
- Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland.,Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Chamney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Creating a model to predict Axial Length (AL) growth in paediatric cataract and evaluating influence factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eyes with AL measured at surgery and at least one measurement after a 6-month period, from children with unilateral or bilateral cataract and primary IOL implantation, were evaluated. A "rate of axial length growth" (RALG) was calculated for every single eye using these AL measurements and log10 age. One average RALG was calculated for All Eyes and for the groups of Bilateral and Unilateral, Gender, Age at the Surgery, different Visual Acuity, Bilateral Excluded and Not-excluded eye, and Affected and Not-affected eye in unilateral, for comparisons. RESULTS Average age at surgery from 76 children was 2.83 ± 2.74 (0.11-12.21) years with follow up of 2.84 ± 1.84 (0.52-8.17) years, 29 (37.66%) had unilateral cataract. A total of 357 AL measurements were used, average of 4.70 ± 2.13 (2-10) measurements per eye. The average RALG for all eyes was 4.51 ± 3.06. There were no RALG significant differences comparing Unilateral and Bilateral eyes (p = 0.51), Male and Female (p = 0.26), Age at Surgery <0.5 and >0.5 years old (p = 0.21), both eyes in Bilateral cases (p = 0.70) and Unilateral Affected and Not-affected eyes (p = 0.18). The equation Al = initial AL + slope × Log10 ((age + 0.6)⁄(initial age + 0.6)) estimates ALs in different ages. CONCLUSIONS A model to predict AL growth in paediatric cataract was developed. Different studied factors did not significantly influence AL growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carlos Lottelli
- Department of Surgical Specialties and Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Felfeli T, Mireskandari K, Ali A. Long-term outcomes of pediatric traumatic cataracts and retinal detachments due to self-inflicted injuries. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 31:271-276. [PMID: 32452266 DOI: 10.1177/1120672120926452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the characteristics and longitudinal visual outcomes of traumatic cataracts and retinal detachments in children with self-inflicted injury. METHODS A retrospective case series of pediatric patients at a tertiary care center who sustained ocular trauma due to self-inflicted injury between 2000 and 2014. RESULTS A total of 11 children, all with an intellectual disability and a mean age of 10 ± 4.8 years (range, 2.8-16.2), were identified with traumatic cataract secondary to ocular self-inflicted injury over the study period. Five eyes had a concurrent unilateral retinal detachment. Over the course of follow-up, one additional eye developed a cataract and five eyes developed a retinal detachment. Patients underwent an average of 2.5 ± 2.3 procedures and 17.1 ± 10.7 eye examinations over 11.7 ± 4.2 years of follow-up; 36% required general anesthesia for examination. Visual acuity was improved or preserved in 77% of the eyes that underwent surgical interventions, but was worse in the remaining cases due to development of traumatic retinal detachment. The use of protective helmets, eye shields, and immobilizing orthoses were essential in management of active self-inflicted injury. CONCLUSION Traumatic cataracts and retinal detachments due to self-inflicted injury may cause severe visual loss. Visual prognosis although poor in children with severe intellectual disabilities may be optimized with risk awareness for early detection and customized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Felfeli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kamiar Mireskandari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Asim Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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