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Sánchez M, Baltrusaitis J, Vasquez-Ríos MG, Campillo-Alvarado G, MacGillivray LR, Höpfl H. Nanoscale Dodecahedral and Fullerene-Type Organoboroxine and Borazine Cages from Planar Building Units. Nano Lett 2024; 24:5824-5830. [PMID: 38712765 PMCID: PMC11100284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Boroxine- and borazine-cage analogs to C20, C60, and C70 were calculated and compared in terms of structure, strain indicators, and physical properties relevant to nanoscale applications. The results show C60 and C70 type cages are less strained than the smaller congener, primarily due to minimized bending in the B-arylene-B segments. The smallest cage calculated has a diameter of 2.4 nm, which increases up to 4.9 nm by either variation of the polyhedron (C20 < C60 < C70-type cage) or organic spacer elongation between boron centers. All calculated cages are porous (apertures ranging from 0.6 to 1.9 nm). Molecular electrostatic potential and Hirshfeld population analysis revealed both nucleophilic and electrophilic sites in the interior and exterior cage surfaces. HOMO-LUMO gaps range from 3.98 to 4.89 eV and 5.10-5.18 eV for the boroxine- and borazine-cages, respectively. Our findings provide insights into the design and properties of highly porous boroxine and borazine cages for nanoscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sánchez
- Centro
de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C., Alianza Norte
202, Parque de Investigación en Innovación
Tecnológica (PIIT), Carretera Monterrey-Aeropuerto Km 11, Apodaca 66628, Nuevo León, México
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Research Drive 111, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | | | | | | | - Herbert Höpfl
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación
en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, México
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Ono K, Shimo S, Takahashi K, Yasuda N, Uekusa H, Iwasawa N. Dynamic Interconversion between Boroxine Cages Based on Pyridine Ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3113-3117. [PMID: 29380501 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic interconversion between large covalent organic cages was achieved simply by heating or acid/base treatment. A mixture of the boroxine cages 12-mer and 15-mer was cleanly converted into a pyridine adduct of the 9-mer boroxine cage upon treatment with pyridine, and the geometry of N-coordinated boron atoms changed from trigonal to tetrahedral. The reverse reaction was achieved by heating or acid treatment. In this process, the larger boroxine cages 12-mer and 15-mer were found to be entropically favored owing to the release of free pyridine molecules from 9-mer⋅6 Py.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ono
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shimo
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kohei Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Research & Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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Lai JC, Mei JF, Jia XY, Li CH, You XZ, Bao Z. A Stiff and Healable Polymer Based on Dynamic-Covalent Boroxine Bonds. Adv Mater 2016; 28:8277-8282. [PMID: 27387198 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A stiff and healable polymer is obtained by using the dynamic-covalent boroxine bond to crosslink PDMS chain into 3D networks. The as-prepared polymer is very strong and stiff, and can bear a load of more than 450 times its weight. When damaged, it can be completely healed upon heating after wetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Cheng Lai
- State Key laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jin-Feng Mei
- State Key laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Jia
- State Key laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Cheng-Hui Li
- State Key laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Xiao-Zeng You
- State Key laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Zhenan Bao
- State Key laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Wöhrle T, Baro A, Laschat S. Novel Discotic Boroxines: Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties. Materials (Basel) 2014; 7:4045-4056. [PMID: 28788664 PMCID: PMC5453236 DOI: 10.3390/ma7054045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic approach to highly substituted triphenylboroxines 11 is described. Their mesomorphic properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray diffraction (SAXS, WAXS). The tris(3,4,5-trialkyloxy)phenyl functionalized derivatives 11b–e showed broad mesophases for a minimum alkyl chain length of C9. The phase widths ranged from 110 K to 77 K near room temperature, thus decreasing with enhanced alkyl chain lengths. Textures observed under POM indicated a columnar hexagonal (Colh) mesophase symmetry that was confirmed by X-ray diffraction experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wöhrle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany.
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany.
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany.
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Bhat KL, Markham GD, Larkin JD, Bock CW. Thermodynamics of boroxine formation from the aliphatic boronic acid monomers R-B(OH)2 (R = H, H3C, H2N, HO, and F): a computational investigation. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7785-93. [PMID: 21650154 PMCID: PMC3154741 DOI: 10.1021/jp202409m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Boroxines are the six-membered cyclotrimeric dehydration products of organoboronic acids, 3R–B(OH)2 → R3B3O3 + 3H2O, and in recent years have emerged as a useful class of organoboron molecules with applications in organic synthesis both as reagents and catalysts, as structural components in boronic-acid-derived pharmaceutical agents, and as anion acceptors and electrolyte additives for battery materials [Korich, A. L.; Iovine, P. M. Dalton Trans. 2010, 39, 1423−1431]. Second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory, in conjunction with the Dunning–Woon correlation-consistent cc-pVDZ, aug-cc-pVDZ, cc-pVTZ, and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets, was used to investigate the structures and relative energies of the endo–exo, anti, and syn conformers of the aliphatic boronic acids R–B(OH)2 (R = H, H3C, H2N, HO, and F), as well as the thermodynamics of their boroxine formation; single-point calculations at the MP2/aug-cc-pVQZ, MP2/aug-cc-pV5Z, and CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ levels using the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ optimized geometries were also performed in selected cases. The endo–exo conformer was generally lowest in energy in vacuo, as well as in PCM and CPCM models of aqueous and carbon tetrachloride media. The values of ΔH(298)(0) for boroxine formation via dehydration from the endo–exo conformers of these aliphatic boronic acids ranged from −2.9 for (H2N)3B3O3 to +12.2 kcal/mol for H3B3O3 at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level in vacuo; for H3B3O3, the corresponding values in PCM/UFF implicit carbon tetrachloride and aqueous media were +11.2 and +9.8 kcal/mol, respectively. On the basis of our calculations, we recommend that ΔHf(298K) for boroxine listed in the JANAF compilation needs to be revised from −290.0 to approximately −277.0 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna L. Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013
| | - George D. Markham
- The Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Joseph D. Larkin
- The National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bldg. 50, Bethesda, MD 20851
| | - Charles W. Bock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science and Health, Philadelphia University, School House Lane and Henry Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19144
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