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Jana S, Sreekanth KV, Abdelraouf OAM, Lin R, Liu H, Teng J, Singh R. Aperiodic Bragg Reflectors for Tunable High-Purity Structural Color Based on Phase Change Material. Nano Lett 2024; 24:3922-3929. [PMID: 38506481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Tunable thin-film coating-based reflective color displays have versatile applications including image sensors, camouflage devices, spatial light modulators, and intelligent windows. However, generating high-purity colors using such coatings have posed a challenge. Here, we reveal high-purity color generation using an ultralow-loss phase change material (Sb2S3)-based tunable aperiodic distributed Bragg reflector (A-DBR). By strategically adjusting the periodicity of the adjacent layers of A-DBRs, we realize a narrow photonic bandgap with high reflectivity to generate high-purity orange and yellow colors. In particular, we demonstrate an A-DBR with a large photonic bandgap tunability by changing the structural phase of Sb2S3 layers from amorphous to crystalline. Moreover, we experimentally tailor multistate tunable colors through external optical stimuli. Unlike conventional nano thin-film coatings, our proposed approach offers an irradiance-free, narrowband, and highly reflective color band, achieving exceptional color purity by effectively suppressing reflections in off-color bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambhu Jana
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore637371
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Kandammathe Valiyaveedu Sreekanth
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Omar A M Abdelraouf
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ronghui Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore637371
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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Gong T, Lyu P, Leite MS. Scalable Superabsorbers and Color Filters Based on Earth-Abundant Materials. ACS Appl Opt Mater 2023; 1:825-831. [PMID: 37152274 PMCID: PMC10153408 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.2c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Optical materials based on unconventional plasmonic metals (e.g., magnesium) have lately driven rising research interest for the quest of possibilities in nanophotonic applications. Several favorable attributes of Mg, such as earth abundancy, lightweight, biocompatibility/biodegradability, and its active reactions with water or hydrogen, have underpinned its emergence as an alternative nanophotonic material. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a thin film-based optical device composed exclusively of earth-abundant and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible materials (i.e., Mg, a-Si, and SiO2). The devices can exhibit a spectrally selective and tunable near-unity resonant absorption with an ultrathin a-Si absorbing layer due to the strong interference effect in this high-index and lossy film. Alternatively, they can generate diverse reflective colors by appropriate tuning of the a-Si and SiO2 layer thicknesses, including all the primary colors for RGB (red, green, blue) and CMY (cyan, magenta, yellow) color spaces. In addition, the reflective hues of the devices can be notably altered in a zero power-consumption fashion by immersing them in water due to the resulted dissolution of the Mg back-reflection layer. These compelling features in combination with the lithography-free and scalable fabrication steps may promise their adoption in various photonic applications including solar energy harvesting, optical information security, optical modulation, and filtering as well as structure reuse and recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Peifen Lyu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Marina S. Leite
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Stein J. The visual basis of reading and reading difficulties. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1004027. [PMID: 36507333 PMCID: PMC9728103 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1004027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of our knowledge about the neural networks mediating reading has derived from studies of developmental dyslexia (DD). For much of the 20th C. this was diagnosed on the basis of finding a discrepancy between children's unexpectedly low reading and spelling scores compared with their normal or high oral and non-verbal reasoning ability. This discrepancy criterion has now been replaced by the claim that the main feature of dyslexia is a phonological deficit, and it is now argued that we should test for this to identify dyslexia. However, grasping the phonological principle is essential for all learning to read; so every poor reader will show a phonological deficit. The phonological theory does not explain why dyslexic people, in particular, fail; so this phonological criterion makes it impossible to distinguish DD from any of the many other causes of reading failure. Currently therefore, there is no agreement about precisely how we should identify it. Yet, if we understood the specific neural pathways that underlie failure to acquire phonological skills specifically in people with dyslexia, we should be able to develop reliable means of identifying it. An important, though not the only, cause in people with dyslexia is impaired development of the brain's rapid visual temporal processing systems; these are required for sequencing the order of the letters in a word accurately. Such temporal, "transient," processing is carried out primarily by a distinct set of "magnocellular" (M-) neurones in the visual system; and the development of these has been found to be impaired in many people with dyslexia. Likewise, auditory sequencing of the sounds in a word is mediated by the auditory temporal processing system whose development is impaired in many dyslexics. Together these two deficits can therefore explain their problems with acquiring the phonological principle. Assessing poor readers' visual and auditory temporal processing skills should enable dyslexia to be reliably distinguished from other causes of reading failure and this will suggest principled ways of helping these children to learn to read, such as sensory training, yellow or blue filters or omega 3 fatty acid supplements. This will enable us to diagnose DD with confidence, and thus to develop educational plans targeted to exploit each individual child's strengths and compensate for his weaknesses.
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Shaukat A, Noble F, Arif KM. Nanostructured Color Filters: A Review of Recent Developments. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1554. [PMID: 32784749 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Color plays an important role in human life: without it life would be dull and monochromatic. Printing color with distinct characteristics, like hue, brightness and saturation, and high resolution, are the main characteristic of image sensing devices. A flexible design of color filter is also desired for angle insensitivity and independence of direction of polarization of incident light. Furthermore, it is important that the designed filter be compatible with the image sensing devices in terms of technology and size. Therefore, color filter requires special care in its design, operation and integration. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of nanostructured color filter designs described to date and evaluate them in terms of their performance.
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Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Hu S, Lv J, Ying Y, Gervinskas G, Si G. Artificial Structural Color Pixels: A Review. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:E944. [PMID: 28805736 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by natural photonic structures (Morpho butterfly, for instance), researchers have demonstrated varying artificial color display devices using different designs. Photonic-crystal/plasmonic color filters have drawn increasing attention most recently. In this review article, we show the developing trend of artificial structural color pixels from photonic crystals to plasmonic nanostructures. Such devices normally utilize the distinctive optical features of photonic/plasmon resonance, resulting in high compatibility with current display and imaging technologies. Moreover, dynamical color filtering devices are highly desirable because tunable optical components are critical for developing new optical platforms which can be integrated or combined with other existing imaging and display techniques. Thus, extensive promising potential applications have been triggered and enabled including more abundant functionalities in integrated optics and nanophotonics.
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Horie Y, Han S, Lee JY, Kim J, Kim Y, Arbabi A, Shin C, Shi L, Arbabi E, Kamali SM, Lee HS, Hwang S, Faraon A. Visible Wavelength Color Filters Using Dielectric Subwavelength Gratings for Backside-Illuminated CMOS Image Sensor Technologies. Nano Lett 2017; 17:3159-3164. [PMID: 28388090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We report transmissive color filters based on subwavelength dielectric gratings that can replace conventional dye-based color filters used in backside-illuminated CMOS image sensor (BSI CIS) technologies. The filters are patterned in an 80 nm-thick poly silicon film on a 115 nm-thick SiO2 spacer layer. They are optimized for operating at the primary RGB colors, exhibit peak transmittance of 60-80%, and have an almost insensitive response over a ± 20° angular range. This technology enables shrinking of the pixel sizes down to near a micrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Horie
- T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Seunghoon Han
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-803, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Yub Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-803, South Korea
| | - Jaekwan Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-803, South Korea
| | - Yongsung Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-803, South Korea
| | - Amir Arbabi
- T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Changgyun Shin
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-803, South Korea
| | - Lilong Shi
- Advanced Image Research Lab, Samsung Electronics , 2 North Lake Avenue, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Ehsan Arbabi
- T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Seyedeh Mahsa Kamali
- T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hong-Seok Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-803, South Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hwang
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-803, South Korea
| | - Andrei Faraon
- T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE Virtual reality (VR)-based treatment has been introduced as a potential option for amblyopia management, presumably without involving the problems of occlusion and penalization, including variable and unsatisfactory outcomes, long duration of treatment, poor compliance, psychological impact, and complications. However, VR-based treatment is costly and not accessible for most children. This paper introduces a method that encompasses the advantages of VR-based treatment at a lower cost. METHODS The presented system consists of a pair of glasses with two color filters and software for use on a personal computer. The software is designed such that some active graphic components can only be seen by the amblyopic eye and are filtered out for the other eye. Some components would be seen by both to encourage fusion. The result is that the patient must use both eyes, and specifically the amblyopic eye, to play the games. RESULTS A prototype of the system, the ABG InSight, was found capable of successfully filtering out elements of a certain color and therefore, could prove to be a viable alternative to VR-based treatment for amblyopia. CONCLUSION The anaglyphic system maintains most of the advantages of VR-based systems, but is less costly and highly accessible. It fulfills the means that VR-based systems are designed to achieve, and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rastegarpour
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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