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Datta J, Majumder S, Chaudhuri D, Giri K. In silico investigation of binding propensity of hematoxylin derivative and damnacanthal for their potential inhibitory effect on HIV-1 Vpr from different subtypes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14977-14988. [PMID: 36858595 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2184634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1, the causative agent of AIDS leads to many deaths worldwide though few options are available as therapeutics. To deal with the continuous mutation in the virus genome, requirement of new drugs is always there. Subtype variation plays a crucial role in case of HIV-1 therapeutics development. In this study, we want to investigate some pre examined molecules that can be effective for HIV-1 VPR. Inhibition of several protein-protein interactions with the small molecules will lead to identify some molecules as therapeutics other than the conventional drugs. We retrieved the sequences of different subtypes from the database and representative sequences were identified. Representative structures were modelled and validated using MD simulations. Forty molecules, showing anti Vpr activity in vitro were identified from literature survey and those were docked with each subtype representative structures. Two molecules a stable Hematoxylin Derivative (SHD) and Damnacanthal (D3), these were shown to be bind more effectively for all the subtypes. The stability of the protein and those two small molecule complexes were identified again with MD simulation followed by the binding energy calculation. Thus, these molecules can be thought as any option other than the conventional drug targeting HIV-1 Vpr.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyeeta Datta
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Kalyan Giri
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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Latifah SY, Gopalsamy B, Abdul Rahim R, Manaf Ali A, Haji Lajis N. Anticancer Potential of Damnacanthal and Nordamnacanthal from Morinda elliptica Roots on T-lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061554. [PMID: 33808969 PMCID: PMC7998966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study reports on the cytotoxic properties of nordamnacanthal and damnacanthal, isolated from roots of Morinda elliptica on T-lymphoblastic leukaemia (CEM-SS) cell lines. Methods: MTT assay, DNA fragmentation, ELISA and cell cycle analysis were carried out. Results: Nordamnacanthal and damnacanthal at IC50 values of 1.7 μg/mL and10 μg/mL, respectively. At the molecular level, these compounds caused internucleosomal DNA cleavage producing multiple 180–200 bp fragments that are visible as a “ladder” on the agarose gel. This was due to the activation of the Mg2+/Ca2+-dependent endonuclease. The induction of apoptosis by nordamnacanthal was different from the one induced by damnacanthal, in a way that it occurs independently of ongoing transcription process. Nevertheless, in both cases, the process of dephosphorylation of protein phosphates 1 and 2A, the ongoing protein synthesis and the elevations of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration were not needed for apoptosis to take place. Nordamnacanthal was found to have a cytotoxic effect by inducing apoptosis, while damnacanthal caused arrest at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Conclusion: Damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal have anticancer properties, and could act as potential treatment for T-lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Yazan Latifah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-89472308
| | - Banulata Gopalsamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Abdul Manaf Ali
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala 20300, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Nordin Haji Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Zhang X, Fang P, Zhao Z, Ding X, Xie F, Wang Y, Li C. Antitumorigenic effect of damnacanthal on melanoma cell viability through p53 and NF-κB/caspase-3 signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6039-6044. [PMID: 30333875 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is highly malignant, particularly prone to metastasizing to the skin. The incidence of melanoma varies markedly between countries, and is relatively low in China. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumorigenic effect of damnacanthal on melanoma cells, and its molecular mechanism. MUM-2B cells were treated with 0-20 µM damnacanthal for 12, 24 and 48 h. In vitro, it was demonstrated that damnacanthal inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of melanoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Damnacanthal treatment increased caspase-3/8 and 9 activity, and promoted B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein, tumor protein p53 (p53) and p21 protein expression levels in melanoma cells. Damnacanthal treatment also resulted in downregulated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), cyclin D and cyclin E protein expression in melanoma cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that the antitumorigenic activity of damnacanthal on melanoma cells is executed via the p53/p21 and NF-κB/cyclin/ caspase-3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Ping Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Zigang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Chengxin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Chaichanasak N, Rojanapanthu P, Yoon Y, Gritsanapan W, Chirachanchai S, Sathirakul K, Nualsanit T, Seong JK, Baek SJ. Chitosan-based nanoparticles with damnacanthal suppress CRM1 expression. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:7029-7034. [PMID: 30546436 PMCID: PMC6256335 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Phytochemicals may be promising anticancer agents given their various chemical structures and diverse biological activities. Damnacanthal (DAM) is a major bioactive component of Noni, which has been investigated previously as a cancer-preventive or chemotherapeutic agent. DAM has also been reported to exhibit anti-proliferative activity in several cancer types. In the present study, it was identified that DAM downregulates chromosome maintenance protein 1 (CRM1) expression in human cancer cells. The application of chitosan-based nanoparticles (NPs) with DAM also induced CRM1 downregulation, which suggests that chitosan-based NPs may be effective vehicles for delivery of phytochemicals such as DAM. It was also identified that DAM increased the levels of the tumor suppressor non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-activated gene 1 in the nucleus, thereby leading to enhanced anticancer effects. The results of the present study indicate that DAM and its nanoformulation may be a candidate anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadda Chaichanasak
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pleumchitt Rojanapanthu
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Yongdae Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Suwabun Chirachanchai
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Korbtham Sathirakul
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Thararat Nualsanit
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Aziz MY, Abu N, Yeap SK, Ho WY, Omar AR, Ismail NH, Ahmad S, Pirozyan MR, Akhtar NM, Alitheen NB. Combinatorial Cytotoxic Effects of Damnacanthal and Doxorubicin against Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells in Vitro. Molecules 2016; 21:E1228. [PMID: 27649120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progressive research being done on drug therapy to treat breast cancer, the number of patients succumbing to the disease is still a major issue. Combinatorial treatment using different drugs and herbs to treat cancer patients is of major interest in scientists nowadays. Doxorubicin is one of the most used drugs to treat breast cancer patients. The combination of doxorubicin to other drugs such as tamoxifen has been reported. Nevertheless, the combination of doxorubicin with a natural product-derived agent has not been studied yet. Morinda citrifolia has always been sought out for its remarkable remedies. Damnacanthal, an anthraquinone that can be extracted from the roots of Morinda citrifolia is a promising compound that possesses a variety of biological properties. This study aimed to study the therapeutic effects of damnacanthal in combination with doxorubicin in breast cancer cells. Collectively, the combination of both these molecules enhanced the efficacy of induced cell death in MCF-7 as evidenced by the MTT assay, cell cycle, annexin V and expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins. The effectiveness of doxorubicin as an anti-cancer drug was increased upon addition of damnacanthal. These results could provide a promising approach to treat breast cancer patients.
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Aziz MY, Omar AR, Subramani T, Yeap SK, Ho WY, Ismail NH, Ahmad S, Alitheen NB. Damnacanthal is a potent inducer of apoptosis with anticancer activity by stimulating p53 and p21 genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1479-84. [PMID: 24765160 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Damnacanthal, an anthraquinone compound, is isolated from the roots of Morinda citrifolia L. (noni), which has been used for traditional therapy in several chronic diseases, including cancer. Although noni has long been consumed in Asian and Polynesian countries, the molecular mechanisms by which it exerts several benefits are starting to emerge. In the present study, the effect of damnacanthal on MCF-7 cell growth regulation was investigated. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with damnacanthal for 72 h indicated an antiproliferative activity. The MTT method confirmed that damnacanthal inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells at the concentration of 8.2 μg/ml for 72 h. In addition, the drug was found to induce cell cycle arrest at the G1 checkpoint in MCF-7 cells by cell cycle analysis. Damnacanthal induced apoptosis, determined by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (PI) dual-labeling, acridine-orange/PI dyeing and caspase-7 expression. Furthermore, damnacanthal-mediated apoptosis involves the sustained activation of p21, leading to the transcription of p53 and the Bax gene. Overall, the present study provided significant evidence demonstrating that p53-mediated damnacanthal induced apoptosis through the activation of p21 and caspase-7.
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Akhtar MN, Zareen S, Yeap SK, Ho WY, Lo KM, Hasan A, Alitheen NB. Total synthesis, cytotoxic effects of damnacanthal, nordamnacanthal and related anthraquinone analogues. Molecules 2013; 18:10042-55. [PMID: 23966087 PMCID: PMC6269871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180810042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring anthraquinones, damnacanthal (1) and nordamnacanthal (2) were synthesized with modified reaction steps and investigated for their cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 and K-562 cancer cell lines, respectively. Intermediate analogues 2-bromomethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (5, IC50 = 5.70 ± 0.21 and 8.50 ± 1.18 mg/mL), 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (6, IC50 = 12.10 ± 0.14 and 14.00 ± 2.13), 2-formyl-1,3-dimethoxyantharquinone (7, IC50 = 13.10 ± 1.02 and 14.80 ± 0.74), 1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylanthraquinone (4, IC50 = 9.40 ± 3.51 and 28.40 ± 2.33), and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (3, IC50 = 25.60 ± 0.42 and 28.40 ± 0.79) also exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and K-562 cancer cell lines, respectively. Other structurally related compounds like 1,3-dihydroxyanthraquinone (13a, IC50 = 19.70 ± 0.35 and 14.50 ± 1.28), 1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (13b, IC50 = 6.50 ± 0.66 and 5.90 ± 0.95) were also showed good cytotoxicity. The target compound damnacanthal (1) was found to be the most cytotoxic against the MCF-7 and K-562 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 3.80 ± 0.57 and 5.50 ± 1.26, respectively. The structures of all compounds were elucidated with the help of detailed spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia; E-Mail:
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Seema Zareen
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail: (W.Y.H.)
| | - Kong Mun Lo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (K.M.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Aurangzeb Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (K.M.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; E-Mail:
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