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Jafernik K, Kubica P, Dziurka M, Kulinowski Ł, Korona-Głowniak I, Elansary HO, Waligórski P, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Szopa A. Comparative Assessment of Lignan Profiling and Biological Activities of Schisandra henryi Leaf and In Vitro PlantForm Bioreactor-Grown Culture Extracts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:442. [PMID: 38675405 PMCID: PMC11053505 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This research's scope encompassed biotechnological, phytochemical, and biological studies of Schisandra henryi, including investigations into its in vitro microshoot culture grown in PlantForm bioreactors (temporary immersion systems, TISs), as well as extracts from leaves of the parent plant, focusing on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. The phytochemical analysis included the isolation and quantification of 17 compounds from dibenzocyclooctadiene, aryltetralin lignans, and neolignans using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), HPLC-DAD, and UHPLC-MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole mass filter methods. Higher contents of compounds were found in microshoots extracts (max. 543.99 mg/100 g DW). The major compound was schisantherin B both in the extracts from microshoots and the leaves (390.16 and 361.24 mg/100 g DW, respectively). The results of the anti-inflammatory activity in terms of the inhibition of COX-1, COX-2, sPLA2, and LOX-15 enzymes indicated that PlantForm microshoot extracts showed strong activity against COX-1 and COX-2 (for 177 mg/mL the inhibition percentage was 76% and 66%, respectively). The antioxidant potential assessed using FRAP, CUPRAC, and DPPH assays showed that extracts from microshoot cultures had 5.6, 3.8, and 3.3 times higher power compared to extracts from the leaves of the parent plant, respectively. The total polyphenol content (TPC) was 4.1 times higher in extracts from the in vitro culture compared to the leaves. The antiproliferative activity against T-cell lymphoblast line Jurkat, breast adenocarcinoma cultures (MCF-7), colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29), and cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), showed that both extracts have considerable effects on the tested cell lines. The antimicrobial activity tested against strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi showed the highest activity towards H. pylori (MIC and MBC 0.625 mg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jafernik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.J.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.J.); (P.K.)
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21 str., 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (P.W.)
| | - Łukasz Kulinowski
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (Ł.K.); (K.S.-W.)
| | - Izabela Korona-Głowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Piotr Waligórski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21 str., 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (P.W.)
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (Ł.K.); (K.S.-W.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.J.); (P.K.)
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Jafernik K, Ekiert H, Szopa A. Schisandra henryi-A Rare Species with High Medicinal Potential. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114333. [PMID: 37298808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Schisandra henryi (Schisandraceae) is a plant species endemic to Yunnan Province in China and is little known in Europe and America. To date, few studies, mainly performed by Chinese researchers, have been conducted on S. henryi. The chemical composition of this plant is dominated by lignans (dibenzocyclooctadiene, aryltetralin, dibenzylbutane), polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavonoids), triterpenoids, and nortriterpenoids. The research on the chemical profile of S. henryi showed a similar chemical composition to S. chinensis-a globally known pharmacopoeial species with valuable medicinal properties whichis the best-known species of the genus Schisandra. The whole genus is characterized by the presence of the aforementioned specific dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, known as "Schisandra lignans". This paper was intended to provide a comprehensive review of the scientific literature published on the research conducted on S. henryi, with particular emphasis on the chemical composition and biological properties. Recently, a phytochemical, biological, and biotechnological study conducted by our team highlighted the great potential of S. henryi in in vitro cultures. The biotechnological research revealed the possibilities of the use of biomass from S. henryi as an alternative to raw material that cannot be easily obtained from natural sites. Moreover, the characterization of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans specific to the Schisandraceae family was provided. Except for several scientific studies which have confirmed the most valuable pharmacological properties of these lignans, hepatoprotective and hepatoregenerative, this article also reviews studies that have confirmed the anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, cardioprotective, and anti-osteoporotic effects and their application for treating intestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jafernik
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Qiang TY, Liu JS, Dong YQ, Mu XL, Chen Y, Luo HM, Zhang BG, Liu HT. Identification, Molecular Cloning, and Functional Characterization of a Coniferyl Alcohol Acyltransferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans in Schisandra chinensis. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:881342. [PMID: 35812978 PMCID: PMC9260284 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis owes its therapeutic efficacy to the dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, which are limited to the Schisandraceae family and whose biosynthetic pathway has not been elucidated. Coniferyl alcohol is the synthetic precursor of various types of lignans and can be acetylated to form coniferyl acetate by coniferyl alcohol acyltransferase (CFAT), which belongs to the BAHD acyltransferase family. This catalytic reaction is important because it is the first committed step of the hypothetical biosynthetic pathway in which coniferyl alcohol gives rise to dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans. However, the gene encoding CFAT in S. chinensis has not been identified. In this study, firstly we identified 37 ScBAHD genes from the transcriptome datasets of S. chinensis. According to bioinformatics, phylogenetic, and expression profile analyses, 1 BAHD gene, named ScBAHD1, was cloned from S. chinensis. The heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and in vitro activity assays revealed that the recombinant enzyme of ScBAHD1 exhibits acetyltransferase activity with coniferyl alcohol and some other alcohol substrates by using acetyl-CoA as the acetyl donor, which indicates ScBAHD1 functions as ScCFAT. Subcellular localization analysis showed that ScCFAT is mainly located in the cytoplasm. In addition, we generated a three-dimensional (3D) structure of ScCFAT by homology modeling and explored the conformational interaction between protein and ligands by molecular docking simulations. Overall, this study identified the first enzyme with catalytic activity from the Schisandraceae family and laid foundations for future investigations to complete the biosynthetic pathway of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yan Qiang
- Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiu-Shi Liu
- Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tradition Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qing Dong
- Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Lu Mu
- Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Mei Luo
- Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tradition Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ben-Gang Zhang
- Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tradition Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Tao Liu
- Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tradition Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Sobstyl E, Szopa A, Dziurka M, Ekiert H, Nikolaichuk H, Choma IM. Schisandra rubriflora Fruit and Leaves as Promising New Materials of High Biological Potential: Lignan Profiling and Effect-Directed Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:2116. [PMID: 35408515 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect-directed detection (EDD) of Schisandra rubriflora fruit and leaves extracts was performed to assess their pharmacological properties. The EDD comprised TLC-direct bioautography against Bacillus subtilis, a DPPH assay, as well as α-glucosidase, lipase, tyrosinase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assays. The leaf extracts showed stronger antioxidant activity than the fruit extract as well as inhibition of tyrosinase and lipase. The fruit extract was found to be extremely active against B. subtilis and to inhibit α-glucosidase and AChE slightly more than the leaf extracts. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis was carried out for the bioactive fractions and pointed to the possible anti-dementia properties of the dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans found in the upper TLC fractions. Gomisin N (518 mg/100 g DW), schisanhenol (454 mg/100 g DW), gomisin G (197 mg/100 g DW), schisandrin A (167 mg/100 g DW), and gomisin O (150 mg/100 g DW) were the quantitatively dominant compounds in the fruit extract. In total, twenty-one lignans were found in the bioactive fractions.
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Park WS, Koo KA, Bae JY, Kim HJ, Kang DM, Kwon JM, Paek SM, Lee MK, Kim CY, Ahn MJ. Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans in Plant Parts and Fermented Beverages of Schisandra chinensis. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10020361. [PMID: 33668581 PMCID: PMC7918357 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of Schisandra chinensis, Omija, is a well-known traditional medicine used as an anti-tussive and anti-diarrhea agent, with various biological activities derived from the dibenzocyclooctadiene-type lignans. A high-pressure liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method was used to determine seven lignans (schisandrol A and B, tigloylgomisin H, angeloylgomisin H, schisandrin A, B, and C) in the different plant parts and beverages of the fruit of S. chinensis grown in Korea. The contents of these lignans in the plant parts descended in the following order: seeds, flowers, leaves, pulp, and stems. The total lignan content in Omija beverages fermented with white sugar for 12 months increased by 2.6-fold. Omija was fermented for 12 months with white sugar, brown sugar, and oligosaccharide/white sugar (1:1, w/w). The total lignan content in Omija fermented with oligosaccharide/white sugar was approximately 1.2- and 1.7-fold higher than those fermented with white sugar and brown sugar, respectively. A drink prepared by immersion of the fruit in alcohol had a higher total lignan content than these fermented beverages. This is the first report documenting the quantitative changes in dibenzocyclooctadiene-type lignans over a fermentation period and the effects of the fermentable sugars on this eco-friendly fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (K.A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (D.-M.K.); (J.-M.K.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Kyung Ah Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (K.A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (D.-M.K.); (J.-M.K.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Ji-Yeong Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (K.A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (D.-M.K.); (J.-M.K.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Dong-Min Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (K.A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (D.-M.K.); (J.-M.K.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Ji-Min Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (K.A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (D.-M.K.); (J.-M.K.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Seung-Mann Paek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (K.A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (D.-M.K.); (J.-M.K.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea;
| | - Chul Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.Y.K.); (M.-J.A.); Tel.: +82-31-400-5809 (C.Y.K.); +82-55-772-2425 (M.-J.A.)
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (K.A.K.); (H.-J.K.); (D.-M.K.); (J.-M.K.); (S.-M.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.Y.K.); (M.-J.A.); Tel.: +82-31-400-5809 (C.Y.K.); +82-55-772-2425 (M.-J.A.)
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