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Garcia G, Irudayam JI, Jeyachandran AV, Dubey S, Chang C, Castillo Cario S, Price N, Arumugam S, Marquez AL, Shah A, Fanaei A, Chakravarty N, Joshi S, Sinha S, French SW, Parcells MS, Ramaiah A, Arumugaswami V. Innate immune pathway modulator screen identifies STING pathway activation as a strategy to inhibit multiple families of arbo and respiratory viruses. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101024. [PMID: 37119814 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
RNA viruses continue to remain a threat for potential pandemics due to their rapid evolution. Potentiating host antiviral pathways to prevent or limit viral infections is a promising strategy. Thus, by testing a library of innate immune agonists targeting pathogen recognition receptors, we observe that Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), stimulator of interferon genes (STING), TLR8, and Dectin-1 ligands inhibit arboviruses, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), West Nile virus, and Zika virus to varying degrees. STING agonists (cAIMP, diABZI, and 2',3'-cGAMP) and Dectin-1 agonist scleroglucan demonstrate the most potent, broad-spectrum antiviral function. Furthermore, STING agonists inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) infection in cardiomyocytes. Transcriptome analysis reveals that cAIMP treatment rescue cells from CHIKV-induced dysregulation of cell repair, immune, and metabolic pathways. In addition, cAIMP provides protection against CHIKV in a chronic CHIKV-arthritis mouse model. Our study describes innate immune signaling circuits crucial for RNA virus replication and identifies broad-spectrum antivirals effective against multiple families of pandemic potential RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Ignatius Irudayam
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arjit Vijey Jeyachandran
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Swati Dubey
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christina Chang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Castillo Cario
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nate Price
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sathya Arumugam
- Department of Mathematics, Government College Daman, Daman, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 396210, India
| | - Angelica L Marquez
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aayushi Shah
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amir Fanaei
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil Chakravarty
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shantanu Joshi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Sinha
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark S Parcells
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Arunachalam Ramaiah
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Center at inStem, Bangalore 560065, India; City of Milwaukee Health Department, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA.
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Essaidi-Laziosi M, Royston L, Boda B, Pérez-Rodriguez FJ, Piuz I, Hulo N, Kaiser L, Clément S, Huang S, Constant S, Tapparel C. Altered cell function and increased replication of rhinoviruses and EV-D68 in airway epithelia of asthma patients. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1106945. [PMID: 36937308 PMCID: PMC10014885 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1106945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rhinovirus (RV) infections constitute one of the main triggers of asthma exacerbations and an important burden in pediatric yard. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. Methods In the present study, we compared infections of in vitro reconstituted airway epithelia originating from asthmatic versus healthy donors with representative strains of RV-A major group and minor groups, RV-C, RV-B, and the respiratory enterovirus EV-D68. Results We found that viral replication was higher in tissues derived from asthmatic donors for all tested viruses. Viral receptor expression was comparable in non-infected tissues from both groups. After infection, ICAM1 and LDLR were upregulated, while CDHR3 was downregulated. Overall, these variations were related to viral replication levels. The presence of the CDHR3 asthma susceptibility allele (rs6967330) was not associated with increased RV-C replication. Regarding the tissue response, a significantly higher interferon (IFN) induction was demonstrated in infected tissues derived from asthmatic donors, which excludes a defect in IFN-response. Unbiased transcriptomic comparison of asthmatic versus control tissues revealed significant modifications, such as alterations of cilia structure and motility, in both infected and non-infected tissues. These observations were supported by a reduced mucociliary clearance and increased mucus secretion in non-infected tissues from asthmatic donors. Discussion Altogether, we demonstrated an increased permissiveness and susceptibility to RV and respiratory EV infections in HAE derived from asthmatic patients, which was associated with a global alteration in epithelial cell functions. These results unveil the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of asthma exacerbation and suggest interesting therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Essaidi-Laziosi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Léna Royston
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Francisco Javier Pérez-Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Piuz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Hulo
- Service for Biomathematical and Biostatistical Analyses, Institute of Genetics and Genomics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Clément
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Song Huang
- Epithelix Sàrl, Plan les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Caroline Tapparel,
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Yeh MT, Capponi S, Catching A, Bianco S, Andino R. Mapping Attenuation Determinants in Enterovirus-D68. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080867. [PMID: 32784424 PMCID: PMC7472100 DOI: 10.3390/v12080867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus (EV)-D68 has been associated with epidemics in the United Sates in 2014, 2016 and 2018. This study aims to identify potential viral virulence determinants. We found that neonatal type I interferon receptor knockout mice are susceptible to EV-D68 infection via intraperitoneal inoculation and were able to recapitulate the paralysis process observed in human disease. Among the EV-D68 strains tested, strain US/MO-14-18949 caused no observable disease in this mouse model, whereas the other strains caused paralysis and death. Sequence analysis revealed several conserved genetic changes among these virus strains: nucleotide positions 107 and 648 in the 5′-untranslated region (UTR); amino acid position 88 in VP3; 1, 148, 282 and 283 in VP1; 22 in 2A; 47 in 3A. A series of chimeric and point-mutated infectious clones were constructed to identify viral elements responsible for the distinct virulence. A single amino acid change from isoleucine to valine at position 88 in VP3 attenuated neurovirulence by reducing virus replication in the brain and spinal cord of infected mice.
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MESH Headings
- 5' Untranslated Regions
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Brain/virology
- Capsid Proteins/chemistry
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterovirus D, Human/genetics
- Enterovirus D, Human/pathogenicity
- Enterovirus D, Human/physiology
- Enterovirus Infections/virology
- Genes, Viral
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Spinal Cord/virology
- Virulence
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Te Yeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (M.T.Y.); (A.C.)
| | - Sara Capponi
- Industrial and Applied Genomics, AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA; (S.C.); (S.B.)
- Center for Cellular Construction, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam Catching
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (M.T.Y.); (A.C.)
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Simone Bianco
- Industrial and Applied Genomics, AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA; (S.C.); (S.B.)
- Center for Cellular Construction, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (M.T.Y.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-415-502-6358
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Savage TJ, Kuypers J, Chu HY, Bradford MC, Buccat AM, Qin X, Klein EJ, Jerome KR, Englund JA, Waghmare A. Enterovirus D-68 in children presenting for acute care in the hospital setting. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2018; 12:522-528. [PMID: 29498483 PMCID: PMC6005627 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe respiratory disease associated with enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been reported in hospitalized pediatric patients. Virologic and clinical characteristics of EV-D68 infections exclusively in patients presenting to a hospital Emergency Department (ED) or urgent care have not been well defined. METHODS Mid-nasal swabs from pediatric patients with respiratory symptoms presenting to the ED or urgent care were evaluated using a commercial multiplex PCR platform. Specimens positive for rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV) were subsequently tested using real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR for EV-D68. The PCR cycle threshold (CT) was used as a viral load proxy. Clinical outcomes were compared between patients with EV-D68 and patients without EV-D68 who tested positive for HRV/EV. RESULTS From August to December 2014, 511 swabs from patients with HRV/EV were available. EV-D68 was detected in 170 (33%) HRV/EV-positive samples. In multivariable models adjusted for age and underlying asthma, patients with EV-D68 were more likely to require hospitalization for respiratory reasons (odds ratio (OR): 3.11, CI: 1.85-5.25), require respiratory support (OR: 1.69, CI: 1.09-2.62), have confirmed/probable lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI; OR: 3.78, CI: 2.03-7.04), and require continuous albuterol or steroids (OR: 3.91, CI: 2.22-6.88 and OR: 4.73, CI: 2.65-8.46, respectively). Higher EV-D68 viral load was associated with need for respiratory support and LRTI in multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS Among pediatric patients presenting to the ED or urgent care, EV-D68 causes more severe disease than non-EV-D68 HRV/EV independent of underlying asthma. High viral load was associated with worse clinical outcomes. Rapid and quantitative viral testing may help identify and risk stratify patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Savage
- Seattle Children's HospitalSeattleWAUSA
- University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xuan Qin
- Seattle Children's HospitalSeattleWAUSA
| | - Eileen J. Klein
- Seattle Children's HospitalSeattleWAUSA
- University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Seattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWAUSA
| | - Keith R. Jerome
- University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | - Janet A. Englund
- Seattle Children's HospitalSeattleWAUSA
- University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Seattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWAUSA
| | - Alpana Waghmare
- Seattle Children's HospitalSeattleWAUSA
- University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Seattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWAUSA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
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Morrey JD, Wang H, Hurst BL, Zukor K, Siddharthan V, Van Wettere AJ, Sinex DG, Tarbet EB. Causation of Acute Flaccid Paralysis by Myelitis and Myositis in Enterovirus-D68 Infected Mice Deficient in Interferon αβ/γ Receptor Deficient Mice. Viruses 2018; 10:E33. [PMID: 29329211 PMCID: PMC5795446 DOI: 10.3390/v10010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) caused a large outbreak in the summer and fall of 2014 in the United States. It causes serious respiratory disease, but causation of associated paralysis is controversial, because the virus is not routinely identified in cerebrospinal fluid. To establish clinical correlates with human disease, we evaluated EV-D68 infection in non-lethal paralysis mouse models. Ten-day-old mice lacking interferon responses were injected intraperitoneally with the virus. Paralysis developed in hindlimbs. After six weeks of paralysis, the motor neurons were depleted due to viral infection. Hindlimb muscles were also infected and degenerating. Even at the earliest stage of paralysis, muscles were still infected and were degenerating, in addition to presence of virus in the spinal cord. To model natural respiratory infection, five-day-old mice were infected intranasally with EV-D68. Two of the four infected mice developed forelimb paralysis. The affected limbs had muscle disease, but no spinal cord infection was detected. The unique contributions of this study are that EV-D68 causes paralysis in mice, and that causation by muscle disease, with or without spinal cord disease, may help to resolve the controversy that the virus can cause paralysis, even if it cannot be identified in cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Morrey
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Brett L Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Katherine Zukor
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Venkatraman Siddharthan
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Arnaud J Van Wettere
- Utah Veterinary Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 950 East 1400 North, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
| | - Donal G Sinex
- Department of Communication Disorders and Deaf Education, 2800 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - E Bart Tarbet
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
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Aliabadi N, Messacar K, Pastula DM, Robinson CC, Leshem E, Sejvar JJ, Nix WA, Oberste MS, Feikin DR, Dominguez SR. Enterovirus D68 Infection in Children with Acute Flaccid Myelitis, Colorado, USA, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 22:1387-94. [PMID: 27434186 PMCID: PMC4982171 DOI: 10.3201/eid2208.151949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Odds of this viral infection in the nasopharynx were 10 times greater for children with this condition than for controls. During August 8, 2014–October 14, 2014, a total of 11 children with acute flaccid myelitis and distinctive neuroimaging changes were identified near Denver, Colorado, USA. A respiratory prodrome was experienced by 10, and nasopharyngeal specimens were positive for enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) for 4. To determine whether an association exists between EV-D68 infection and acute flaccid myelitis, we conducted a retrospective case–control study comparing these patients with 2 groups of outpatient control children (1 group tested for acute respiratory illness and 1 for Bordetella pertussis infection). Adjusted analyses indicated that, for children with acute flaccid myelitis, the odds of having EV-D68 infection were 10.3 times greater than for those tested for acute respiratory infection and 4.5 times greater than for those tested for B. pertussis infection. No statistical association was seen between acute flaccid myelitis and non–EV-D68 enterovirus or rhinovirus infection. These findings support an association between EV-D68 infection and acute flaccid myelitis.
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