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Shi W, Shaw D, Walsh KG, Han X, Eden UT, Richardson RM, Gliske SV, Jacobs J, Brinkmann BH, Worrell GA, Stacey WC, Frauscher B, Thomas J, Kramer MA, Chu CJ. Spike ripples localize the epileptogenic zone best: an international intracranial study. Brain 2024:awae037. [PMID: 38325327 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether spike ripples, the combination of epileptiform spikes and ripples, provide a reliable and improved biomarker for the epileptogenic zone (EZ) compared to other leading interictal biomarkers in a multicenter, international study. We first validated an automated spike ripple detector on intracranial EEG recordings. We then applied this detector to subjects from four centers who subsequently underwent surgical resection with known 1-year outcomes. We evaluated the spike ripple rate in subjects cured after resection (ILAE 1 outcome) and those with persistent seizures (ILAE 2-6) across sites and recording types. We also evaluated available interictal biomarkers: spike, spike-gamma, wideband high frequency oscillation (HFO, 80-500 Hz), ripple (80-250 Hz), and fast ripple (250-500 Hz) rates using previously validated automated detectors. The proportion of resected events was computed and compared across subject outcomes and biomarkers. 109 subjects were included. Most spike ripples were removed in subjects with ILAE 1 outcome (P < 0.001), and this was qualitatively observed across all sites and for depth and subdural electrodes (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Among ILAE 1 subjects, the mean spike ripple rate was higher in the RV (0.66/min) than in the non-removed tissue (0.08/min, P < 0.001). A higher proportion of spike ripples were removed in subjects with ILAE 1 outcomes compared to ILAE 2-6 outcomes (P = 0.06). Among ILAE 1 subjects, the proportion of spike ripples removed was higher than the proportion of spikes (P < 0.001), spike-gamma (P < 0.001), wideband HFOs (P < 0.001), ripples (P = 0.009) and fast ripples (P = 0.009) removed. At the individual level, more subjects with ILAE 1 outcomes had the majority of spike ripples removed (79%, 38/48) than spikes (69%, P = 0.12), spike-gamma (69%, P = 0.12), wideband HFOs (63%, P = 0.03), ripples (45%, P = 0.01), or fast ripples (36%, P < 0.001) removed. Thus, in this large, multicenter cohort, when surgical resection was successful, the majority of spike ripples were removed. Further, automatically detected spike ripples have improved specificity for epileptogenic tissue compared to spikes, spike-gamma, wideband HFOs, ripples, and fast ripples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dana Shaw
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Katherine G Walsh
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xue Han
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Uri T Eden
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Robert M Richardson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stephen V Gliske
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Julia Jacobs
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Brinkmann
- Bioelectronics Neurophysiology and Engineering Lab, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gregory A Worrell
- Bioelectronics Neurophysiology and Engineering Lab, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - William C Stacey
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Analytical Neurophysiology Lab, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Analytical Neurophysiology Lab, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - John Thomas
- Analytical Neurophysiology Lab, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Mark A Kramer
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Catherine J Chu
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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2
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Weiss SA, Fried I, Engel J, Bragin A, Wang S, Sperling MR, Wong RK, Nir Y, Staba RJ. Pathological neurons generate ripples at the UP-DOWN transition disrupting information transfer. Epilepsia 2024; 65:362-377. [PMID: 38041560 PMCID: PMC10922301 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To confirm and investigate why pathological high-frequency oscillations (pHFOs), including ripples (80-200 Hz) and fast ripples (200-600 Hz), are generated during the UP-DOWN transition of the slow wave and if information transmission mediated by ripple temporal coupling is disrupted in the seizure-onset zone (SOZ). METHODS We isolated 217 total units from 175.95 intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) contact-hours of synchronized macro- and microelectrode recordings from 6 patients. Sleep slow oscillation (.1-2 Hz) epochs were identified in the iEEG recording. iEEG HFOs that occurred superimposed on the slow wave were transformed to phasors and adjusted by the phase of maximum firing in nearby units (i.e., maximum UP). We tested whether, in the SOZ, HFOs and associated action potentials (APs) occur more often at the UP-DOWN transition. We also examined ripple temporal correlations using cross-correlograms. RESULTS At the group level in the SOZ, HFO and HFO-associated AP probability was highest during the UP-DOWN transition of slow wave excitability (p < < .001). In the non-SOZ, HFO and HFO-associated AP was highest during the DOWN-UP transition (p < < .001). At the unit level in the SOZ, 15.6% and 20% of units exhibited more robust firing during ripples (Cohen's d = .11-.83) and fast ripples (d = .36-.90) at the UP-DOWN transition (p < .05 f.d.r. corrected), respectively. By comparison, also in the SOZ, 6.6% (d = .14-.30) and 8.5% (d = .33-.41) of units had significantly less firing during ripples and fast ripples at the UP-DOWN transition, respectively. Additional data shows that ripple and fast ripple temporal correlations, involving global slow waves, between the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus were reduced by >50% in the SOZ compared to the non-SOZ (N = 3). SIGNIFICANCE The UP-DOWN transition of slow wave excitability facilitates the activation of pathological neurons to generate pHFOs. Ripple temporal correlations across brain regions may be important in memory consolidation and are disrupted in the SOZ, perhaps by pHFO generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shennan A Weiss
- Dept. of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate, Brooklyn, New York, 11203 USA
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate, Brooklyn, New York, 11203 USA
- Dept. of Neurology, New York City Health + Hospitals/Kings County, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Itzhak Fried
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Jerome Engel
- Dept. of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Dept. of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Anatol Bragin
- Dept. of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Depts of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Michael R. Sperling
- Depts. of Neurology and Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA
| | - Robert K.S. Wong
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate, Brooklyn, New York, 11203 USA
| | - Yuval Nir
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Sieratzki-Sagol Center for Sleep Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Richard J Staba
- Dept. of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
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Weiss SA, Fried I, Engel J, Sperling MR, Wong RKS, Nir Y, Staba RJ. Fast ripples reflect increased excitability that primes epileptiform spikes. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad242. [PMID: 37869578 PMCID: PMC10587774 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal circuit disturbances that drive inter-ictal and ictal epileptiform discharges remain elusive. Using a combination of extra-operative macro-electrode and micro-electrode inter-ictal recordings in six pre-surgical patients during non-rapid eye movement sleep, we found that, exclusively in the seizure onset zone, fast ripples (200-600 Hz), but not ripples (80-200 Hz), frequently occur <300 ms before an inter-ictal intra-cranial EEG spike with a probability exceeding chance (bootstrapping, P < 1e-5). Such fast ripple events are associated with higher spectral power (P < 1e-10) and correlated with more vigorous neuronal firing than solitary fast ripple (generalized linear mixed-effects model, P < 1e-9). During the intra-cranial EEG spike that follows a fast ripple, action potential firing is lower than during an intra-cranial EEG spike alone (generalized linear mixed-effects model, P < 0.05), reflecting an inhibitory restraint of intra-cranial EEG spike initiation. In contrast, ripples do not appear to prime epileptiform spikes. We next investigated the clinical significance of pre-spike fast ripple in a separate cohort of 23 patients implanted with stereo EEG electrodes, who underwent resections. In non-rapid eye movement sleep recordings, sites containing a high proportion of fast ripple preceding intra-cranial EEG spikes correlate with brain areas where seizures begin more than solitary fast ripple (P < 1e-5). Despite this correlation, removal of these sites does not guarantee seizure freedom. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that fast ripple preceding EEG spikes reflect an increase in local excitability that primes EEG spike discharges preferentially in the seizure onset zone and that epileptogenic brain regions are necessary, but not sufficient, for initiating inter-ictal epileptiform discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shennan A Weiss
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York City Health + Hospitals/Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Itzhak Fried
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jerome Engel
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael R Sperling
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robert K S Wong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Yuval Nir
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Sieratzki-Sagol Center for Sleep Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Richard J Staba
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Weiss SA, Eliashiv D, Stern J, Rubinstein D, Fried I, Wu C, Sharan A, Engel J, Staba R, Sperling MR. Stimulation better targets fast-ripple generating networks in super responders to the responsive neurostimulator system. Epilepsia 2023; 64:e48-e55. [PMID: 36906958 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
How responsive neurostimulation (RNS) decreases seizure frequency is unclear. Stimulation may alter epileptic networks during inter-ictal epochs. Definitions of the epileptic network vary but fast ripples (FRs) may be an important substrate. We, therefore, examined whether stimulation of FR-generating networks differed in RNS super responders and intermediate responders. In 10 patients, with subsequent RNS placement, we detected FRs from stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) contacts during pre-surgical evaluation. The normalized coordinates of the SEEG contacts were compared with those of the eight RNS contacts, and RNS-stimulated SEEG contacts were defined as those within 1.5 cm3 of the RNS contacts. We compared the post-RNS placement seizure outcome to (1) the ratio of stimulated SEEG contacts in the seizure-onset zone (SOZ stimulation ratio [SR]); (2) the ratio of FR events on stimulated contacts (FR SR); and (3) the global efficiency of the FR temporal correlational network on stimulated contacts (FR SGe). We found that the SOZ SR (p = .18) and FR SR (p = .06) did not differ in the RNS super responders and intermediate responders, but the FR SGe did (p = .02). In super responders, highly active desynchronous sites of the FR network were stimulated. RNS that better targets FR networks, as compared to the SOZ, may reduce epileptogenicity more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shennan Aibel Weiss
- Department Of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, USA.,Department of Neurology, New York City Health + Hospitals/Kings County, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Dawn Eliashiv
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - John Stern
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Rubinstein
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA
| | - Itzhak Fried
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- Department of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA
| | - Ashwini Sharan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA
| | - Jerome Engel
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.,Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Richard Staba
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Michael R Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA
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Sarnthein J, Jacobs J, Zijlmans M. Editorial: High-Frequency Oscillations in the Hippocampus as Biomarkers of Pathology and Healthy Brain Function. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:763881. [PMID: 34658824 PMCID: PMC8511315 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.763881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Jacobs
- Alberta Children's Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maeike Zijlmans
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, Netherlands
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6
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Remakanthakurup Sindhu K, Staba R, Lopour BA. Trends in the use of automated algorithms for the detection of high-frequency oscillations associated with human epilepsy. Epilepsia 2020; 61:1553-1569. [PMID: 32729943 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) in intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) are a promising biomarker of the epileptogenic zone and tool for surgical planning. Many studies have shown that a high rate of HFOs (number per minute) is correlated with the seizure-onset zone, and complete removal of HFO-generating brain regions has been associated with seizure-free outcome after surgery. In order to use HFOs as a biomarker, these transient events must first be detected in electrophysiological data. Because visual detection of HFOs is time-consuming and subject to low interrater reliability, many automated algorithms have been developed, and they are being used increasingly for such studies. However, there is little guidance on how to select an algorithm, implement it in a clinical setting, and validate the performance. Therefore, we aim to review automated HFO detection algorithms, focusing on conceptual similarities and differences between them. We summarize the standard steps for data pre-processing, as well as post-processing strategies for rejection of false-positive detections. We also detail four methods for algorithm testing and validation, and we describe the specific goal achieved by each one. We briefly review direct comparisons of automated algorithms applied to the same data set, emphasizing the importance of optimizing detection parameters. Then, to assess trends in the use of automated algorithms and their potential for use in clinical studies, we review evidence for the relationship between automatically detected HFOs and surgical outcome. We conclude with practical recommendations and propose standards for the selection, implementation, and validation of automated HFO-detection algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beth A Lopour
- Biomedical Engineering, UC Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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7
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Weiss SA, Song I, Leng M, Pastore T, Slezak D, Waldman Z, Orosz I, Gorniak R, Donmez M, Sharan A, Wu C, Fried I, Sperling MR, Bragin A, Engel J, Nir Y, Staba R. Ripples Have Distinct Spectral Properties and Phase-Amplitude Coupling With Slow Waves, but Indistinct Unit Firing, in Human Epileptogenic Hippocampus. Front Neurol 2020; 11:174. [PMID: 32292384 PMCID: PMC7118726 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ripple oscillations (80-200 Hz) in the normal hippocampus are involved in memory consolidation during rest and sleep. In the epileptic brain, increased ripple and fast ripple (200-600 Hz) rates serve as a biomarker of epileptogenic brain. We report that both ripples and fast ripples exhibit a preferred phase angle of coupling with the trough-peak (or On-Off) state transition of the sleep slow wave in the hippocampal seizure onset zone (SOZ). Ripples on slow waves in the hippocampal SOZ also had a lower power, greater spectral frequency, and shorter duration than those in the non-SOZ. Slow waves in the mesial temporal lobe modulated the baseline firing rate of excitatory neurons, but did not significantly influence the increased firing rate associated with ripples. In summary, pathological ripples and fast ripples occur preferentially during the On-Off state transition of the slow wave in the epileptogenic hippocampus, and ripples do not require the increased recruitment of excitatory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shennan A Weiss
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Inkyung Song
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mei Leng
- Department of Medicine, Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tomás Pastore
- Department of Computer Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Slezak
- Department of Computer Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Zachary Waldman
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Iren Orosz
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Richard Gorniak
- Department of Neuroradiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mustafa Donmez
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ashwini Sharan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Itzhak Fried
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael R Sperling
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anatol Bragin
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jerome Engel
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yuval Nir
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Richard Staba
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Weiss SA, Waldman Z, Raimondo F, Slezak D, Donmez M, Worrell G, Bragin A, Engel J, Staba R, Sperling M. Localizing epileptogenic regions using high-frequency oscillations and machine learning. Biomark Med 2019; 13:409-418. [PMID: 31044598 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological high frequency oscillations (HFOs) are putative neurophysiological biomarkers of epileptogenic brain tissue. Utilizing HFOs for epilepsy surgery planning offers the promise of improved seizure outcomes for patients with medically refractory epilepsy. This review discusses possible machine learning strategies that can be applied to HFO biomarkers to better identify epileptogenic regions. We discuss the role of HFO rate, and utilizing features such as explicit HFO properties (spectral content, duration, and power) and phase-amplitude coupling for distinguishing pathological HFO (pHFO) events from physiological HFO events. In addition, the review highlights the importance of neuroanatomical localization in machine learning strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shennan A Weiss
- Departments of Neurology & Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Zachary Waldman
- Departments of Neurology & Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Federico Raimondo
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Exact & Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Research in Computer Science, National Scientific & Technical Research Council, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Slezak
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Exact & Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Research in Computer Science, National Scientific & Technical Research Council, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mustafa Donmez
- Departments of Neurology & Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Gregory Worrell
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Systems Electrophysiology Laboratory (MSEL), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Anatol Bragin
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jerome Engel
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard Staba
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Sperling
- Departments of Neurology & Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Jacobs J, Staba R, Asano E, Otsubo H, Wu JY, Zijlmans M, Mohamed I, Kahane P, Dubeau F, Navarro V, Gotman J. High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) in clinical epilepsy. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 98:302-15. [PMID: 22480752 PMCID: PMC3674884 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most frequent neurological diseases. In focal medically refractory epilepsies, successful surgical treatment largely depends on the identification of epileptogenic zone. High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) between 80 and 500Hz, which can be recorded with EEG, may be novel markers of the epileptogenic zone. This review discusses the clinical importance of HFOs as markers of epileptogenicity and their application in different types of epilepsies. HFOs are clearly linked to the seizure onset zone, and the surgical removal of regions generating them correlates with a seizure free post-surgical outcome. Moreover, HFOs reflect the seizure-generating capability of the underlying tissue, since they are more frequent after the reduction of antiepileptic drugs. They can be successfully used in pediatric epilepsies such as epileptic spasms and help to understand the generation of this specific type of seizures. While mostly recorded on intracranial EEGs, new studies suggest that identification of HFOs on scalp EEG or magnetoencephalography (MEG) is possible as well. Thus not only patients with refractory epilepsies and invasive recordings but all patients might profit from the analysis of HFOs. Despite these promising results, the analysis of HFOs is not a routine clinical procedure; most results are derived from relatively small cohorts of patients and many aspects are not yet fully understood. Thus the review concludes that even if HFOs are promising biomarkers of epileptic tissue, there are still uncertainties about mechanisms of generation, methods of analysis, and clinical applicability. Large multicenter prospective studies are needed prior to widespread clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jacobs
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscular Diseases, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Cho JR, Joo EY, Koo DL, Hong SC, Hong SB. Clinical utility of interictal high-frequency oscillations recorded with subdural macroelectrodes in partial epilepsy. J Clin Neurol 2012; 8:22-34. [PMID: 22523510 PMCID: PMC3325429 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2012.8.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is growing interest in high-frequency oscillations (HFO) as electrophysiological biomarkers of the epileptic brain. We evaluated the clinical utility of interictal HFO events, especially their occurrence rates, by comparing the spatial distribution with a clinically determined epileptogenic zone by using subdural macroelectrodes. METHODS We obtained intracranial electroencephalogram data with a high temporal resolution (2000 Hz sampling rate, 0.05-500 Hz band-pass filter) from seven patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Three epochs of 5-minute, artifact-free data were selected randomly from the interictal period. HFO candidates were first detected by an automated algorithm and subsequently screened to discard false detections. Validated events were further categorized as fast ripple (FR) and ripple (R) according to their spectral profiles. The occurrence rate of HFOs was calculated for each electrode contact. An HFO events distribution map (EDM) was constructed for each patient to allow visualization of the spatial distribution of their HFO events. RESULTS The subdural macroelectrodes were capable of detecting both R and FR events from the epileptic neocortex. The occurrence rate of HFO events, both FR and R, was significantly higher in the seizure onset zone (SOZ) than in other brain regions. Patient-specific HFO EDMs can facilitate the identification of the location of HFO-generating tissue, and comparison with findings from ictal recordings can provide additional useful information regarding the epileptogenic zone. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of interictal HFOs was reasonably consistent with the SOZ. The detection of HFO events and construction of spatial distribution maps appears to be useful for the presurgical mapping of the epileptogenic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jounhong Ryan Cho
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zijlmans M, Jacobs J, Zelmann R, Dubeau F, Gotman J. High frequency oscillations and seizure frequency in patients with focal epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2009; 85:287-92. [PMID: 19403269 PMCID: PMC3769287 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Revised: 03/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High frequency oscillations (HFOs) have been associated with epileptogenicity. In rats, the extent of HFOs (>200 Hz) is correlated with seizure frequency. We studied whether the same applies to patients with focal epilepsy. Thirty-nine patients with intracerebral EEG sampled at 2000 Hz were studied for interictal ripples (80-250 Hz), fast ripples (FR, 250-500 Hz) and spikes. Seizure frequency before implantation was compared to numbers of channels with HFOs (>1/min). Analyses were repeated for HFO rates of >5, >10 and >20. Separate analyses were done for 25 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy only and for a selection of similar unilateral temporal channels in 12 patients. No linear correlation or trend was found relating the number of channels with HFOs and seizure frequency. There was a linear positive correlation between the number of channels with more than 20 FRs/min and seizure frequency. The hypothesis that the more tissue generating HFOs, the higher the seizure frequency, was not confirmed, though there might be a correlation for high FR rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeike Zijlmans
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal (Québec), Canada H3A 2B4.
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Worrell GA, Gardner AB, Stead SM, Hu S, Goerss S, Cascino GJ, Meyer FB, Marsh R, Litt B. High-frequency oscillations in human temporal lobe: simultaneous microwire and clinical macroelectrode recordings. Brain 2008; 131:928-37. [PMID: 18263625 PMCID: PMC2760070 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awn006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal oscillations span a wide range of spatial and temporal scales that extend beyond traditional clinical EEG. Recent research suggests that high-frequency oscillations (HFO), in the ripple (80-250 Hz) and fast ripple (250-1000 Hz) frequency range, may be signatures of epileptogenic brain and involved in the generation of seizures. However, most research investigating HFO in humans comes from microwire recordings, whose relationship to standard clinical intracranial EEG (iEEG) has not been explored. In this study iEEG recordings (DC - 9000 Hz) were obtained from human medial temporal lobe using custom depth electrodes containing both microwires and clinical macroelectrodes. Ripple and fast-ripple HFO recorded from both microwires and clinical macroelectrodes were increased in seizure generating brain regions compared to control regions. The distribution of HFO frequencies recorded from the macroelectrodes was concentrated in the ripple frequency range, compared to a broad distribution of HFO frequencies recorded from microwires. The average frequency of ripple HFO recorded from macroelectrodes was lower than that recorded from microwires (143.3 +/- 49.3 Hz versus 116.3 +/- 38.4, Wilcoxon rank sum P<0.0001). Fast-ripple HFO were most often recorded on a single microwire, supporting the hypothesis that fast-ripple HFO are primarily generated by highly localized, sub-millimeter scale neuronal assemblies that are most effectively sampled by microwire electrodes. Future research will address the clinical utility of these recordings for localizing epileptogenic networks and understanding seizure generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Worrell
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55901, USA.
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