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Mapoung S, Umsumarng S, Semmarath W, Arjsri P, Thippraphan P, Yodkeeree S, Limtrakul (Dejkriengkraikul) P. Skin Wound-Healing Potential of Polysaccharides from Medicinal Mushroom Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.). J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040247. [PMID: 33806146 PMCID: PMC8064461 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Auricularia auricula-judae, a nutrient-rich mushroom used in traditional medicine, is a macrofungi that exhibits various biological properties. In this study, we have reported on the mechanisms that promote the wound-healing effects of a water-soluble polysaccharide-rich extract obtained from A. auricula-judae (AAP). AAP contained high amounts of polysaccharides (349.83 ± 5.00 mg/g extract) with a molecular weight of 158 kDa. The main sugar composition of AAP includes mannose, galactose, and glucose. AAP displayed antioxidant activity in vitro and was able to abort UVB-induced intracellular ROS production in human fibroblasts in cellulo. AAP significantly promoted both fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation, migration, and invasion, along with augmentation of the wound-healing process by increasing collagen synthesis and decreasing E-cadherin expression (All p < 0.05). Specifically, the AAP significantly accelerated the wound closure in a mice skin wound-healing model on day 9 (2.5%AAP, p = 0.031 vs. control) and day 12 (1% and 2.5%AAP with p = 0.009 and p < 0.001 vs. control, respectively). Overall, our results indicate that the wound-healing activities of AAP can be applied in an AAP-based product for wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sariya Mapoung
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.M.); (W.S.); (P.A.); (P.T.); (S.Y.)
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sonthaya Umsumarng
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Division of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 51000, Thailand
| | - Warathit Semmarath
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.M.); (W.S.); (P.A.); (P.T.); (S.Y.)
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Punnida Arjsri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.M.); (W.S.); (P.A.); (P.T.); (S.Y.)
| | - Pilaiporn Thippraphan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.M.); (W.S.); (P.A.); (P.T.); (S.Y.)
| | - Supachai Yodkeeree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.M.); (W.S.); (P.A.); (P.T.); (S.Y.)
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pornngarm Limtrakul (Dejkriengkraikul)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.M.); (W.S.); (P.A.); (P.T.); (S.Y.)
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: or
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Faccendini A, Ruggeri M, Miele D, Rossi S, Bonferoni MC, Aguzzi C, Grisoli P, Viseras C, Vigani B, Sandri G, Ferrari F. Norfloxacin-Loaded Electrospun Scaffolds: Montmorillonite Nanocomposite vs. Free Drug. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040325. [PMID: 32260441 PMCID: PMC7238150 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections in nonhealing wounds remain one of the major challenges. Recently, nanomedicine approach seems a valid option to overcome the antibiotic resistance mechanisms. The aim of this study was the development of three types of polysaccharide-based scaffolds (chitosan-based (CH), chitosan/chondroitin sulfate-based (CH/CS), chitosan/hyaluronic acid-based (CH/HA)), as dermal substitutes, to be loaded with norfloxacin, intended for the treatment of infected wounds. The scaffolds have been loaded with norfloxacin as a free drug (N scaffolds) or in montmorillonite nanocomposite (H—hybrid-scaffolds). Chitosan/glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronic acid) scaffolds were prepared by means of electrospinning with a simple, one-step process. The scaffolds were characterized by 500 nm diameter fibers with homogeneous structures when norfloxacin was loaded as a free drug. On the contrary, the presence of nanocomposite caused a certain degree of surface roughness, with fibers having 1000 nm diameters. The presence of norfloxacin–montmorillonite nanocomposite (1%) caused higher deformability (90–120%) and lower elasticity (5–10 mN/cm2), decreasing the mechanical resistance of the systems. All the scaffolds were proven to be degraded via lysozyme (this should ensure scaffold resorption) and this sustained the drug release (from 50% to 100% in 3 days, depending on system composition), especially when the drug was loaded in the scaffolds as a nanocomposite. Moreover, the scaffolds were able to decrease the bioburden at least 100-fold, proving that drug loading in the scaffolds did not impair the antimicrobial activity of norfloxacin. Chondroitin sulfate and montmorillonite in the scaffolds are proven to possess a synergic performance, enhancing the fibroblast proliferation without impairing norfloxacin’s antimicrobial properties. The scaffold based on chondroitin sulfate, containing 1% norfloxacin in the nanocomposite, demonstrated adequate stiffness to sustain fibroblast proliferation and the capability to sustain antimicrobial properties to prevent/treat nonhealing wound infection during the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Faccendini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Dalila Miele
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Maria Cristina Bonferoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Carola Aguzzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Pietro Grisoli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Cesar Viseras
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0039-0382-987728
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
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Sandri G, Faccendini A, Longo M, Ruggeri M, Rossi S, Bonferoni MC, Miele D, Prina-Mello A, Aguzzi C, Viseras C, Ferrari F. Halloysite- and Montmorillonite-Loaded Scaffolds as Enhancers of Chronic Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E179. [PMID: 32093190 PMCID: PMC7076487 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in life expectancy and the increasing prevalence of diabetic disease and venous insufficiency lead to the increase of chronic wounds. The prevalence of ulcers ranges from 1% in the adult population to 3-5% in the over 65 years population, with 3-5.5% of the total healthcare expenditure, as recently estimated. The aim of this work was the design and the development of electrospun scaffolds, entirely based on biopolymers, loaded with montmorillonite (MMT) or halloysite (HNT) and intended for skin reparation and regeneration, as a 3D substrate mimicking the dermal ECM. The scaffolds were manufactured by means of electrospinning and were characterized for their chemico-physical and preclinical properties. The scaffolds proved to possess the capability to enhance fibroblast cells attachment and proliferation with negligible proinflammatory activity. The capability to facilitate the cell adhesion is probably due to their unique 3D structure which are assisting cell homing and would facilitate wound healing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (D.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Angela Faccendini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (D.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Marysol Longo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (D.M.); (F.F.)
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (D.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (D.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Maria Cristina Bonferoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (D.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Dalila Miele
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (D.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Carola Aguzzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Cesar Viseras
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (D.M.); (F.F.)
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