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Bianchi E, Faccendini A, Del Favero E, Ricci C, Caliogna L, Vigani B, Pavesi FC, Perotti C, Domingues RMA, Gomes ME, Rossi S, Sandri G. Topographical and Compositional Gradient Tubular Scaffold for Bone to Tendon Interface Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102153. [PMID: 36297586 PMCID: PMC9607365 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The enthesis is an extremely specific region, localized at the tendon–bone interface (TBI) and made of a hybrid connection of fibrocartilage with minerals. The direct type of enthesis tissue is commonly subjected to full laceration, due to the stiffness gradient between the soft tissues and hard bone, and this often reoccurs after surgical reconstruction. For this purpose, the present work aimed to design and develop a tubular scaffold based on pullulan (PU) and chitosan (CH) and intended to enhance enthesis repair. The scaffold was designed with a topographical gradient of nanofibers, from random to aligned, and hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles along the tubular length. In particular, one part of the tubular scaffold was characterized by a structure similar to bone hard tissue, with a random mineralized fiber arrangement; while the other part was characterized by aligned fibers, without HAP doping. The tubular shape of the scaffold was also designed to be extemporarily loaded with chondroitin sulfate (CS), a glycosaminoglycan effective in wound healing, before the surgery. Micro CT analysis revealed that the scaffold was characterized by a continuous gradient, without interruptions from one end to the other. The gradient of the fiber arrangement was observed using SEM analysis, and it was still possible to observe the gradient when the scaffold had been hydrated for 6 days. In vitro studies demonstrated that human adipose stem cells (hASC) were able to grow and differentiate onto the scaffold, expressing the typical ECM production for tendon in the aligned zone, or bone tissue in the random mineralized part. CS resulted in a synergistic effect, favoring cell adhesion/proliferation on the scaffold surface. These results suggest that this tubular scaffold loaded with CS could be a powerful tool to support enthesis repair upon surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bianchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Angela Faccendini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Del Favero
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, LITA, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Caterina Ricci
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, LITA, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Laura Caliogna
- Orthopedy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Perotti
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rui M. A. Domingues
- 3B’s Research Group, i3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B’s Research Group, i3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Barbosa RDM, Leite AM, García-Villén F, Sánchez-Espejo R, Cerezo P, Viseras C, Faccendini A, Sandri G, Raffin FN, Moura TFADLE. Hybrid Lipid/Clay Carrier Systems Containing Annatto Oil for Topical Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051067. [PMID: 35631653 PMCID: PMC9147908 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposites formed by clay and lipid carriers (NLCs) show a high potential for providing controlled release and specific delivery of bioactive molecules and have recently gained attention in the pharmaceutical sector due to their ability to transport hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Recent studies have recognized the biological activity of the oil of Bixa orellana L. (AO) with regards to its healing, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-leishmanial properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the preparation and characterization of hybrid systems based on lipid nanocarriers and laponite for the delivery of AO. NLCs were prepared by the fusion-emulsification method, using cetyl palmitate (CP) or myristyl myristate (MM), AO, and Poloxamer 188. The morphology, hydrodynamic diameters, zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), viscosity behavior, and cytotoxicity testing of the hybrid systems were performed. The thermal study and X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD) revealed polymorphic structural changes compatible with the amorphization of the material. Rheological assays highlighted a typical pseudoplastic behavior in all systems (MM and CP with LAP). The hybrid systems’ morphology, size diameters, and PDIs were similar, preset spherical and monodisperse structures (≈200 nm; <0.3), without significant change up to sixty days. The ZP values differed from each other, becoming higher with increasing AO concentration. XEDS spectra and elemental X-ray maps show peaks of lipids (organic components, C and O) and inorganic components O, Mg, and Si. All samples showed cell viability above 60%. The results indicated a stable, biocompatible hybrid system that can be an alternative for topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel de Melo Barbosa
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.M.L.); (T.F.A.d.L.e.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (R.S.-E.); (P.C.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence: (R.d.M.B.); (F.N.R.)
| | - Aliana Monteiro Leite
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.M.L.); (T.F.A.d.L.e.M.)
| | - Fátima García-Villén
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (R.S.-E.); (P.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Rita Sánchez-Espejo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (R.S.-E.); (P.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Pilar Cerezo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (R.S.-E.); (P.C.); (C.V.)
| | - César Viseras
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (R.S.-E.); (P.C.); (C.V.)
- Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC-University of Granada, Av. de las Palmeras 4, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Angela Faccendini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Fernanda Nervo Raffin
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.M.L.); (T.F.A.d.L.e.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.d.M.B.); (F.N.R.)
| | - Túlio Flávio Accioly de Lima e Moura
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.M.L.); (T.F.A.d.L.e.M.)
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Faccendini A, Bianchi E, Ruggeri M, Vigani B, Perotti C, Pavesi FC, Caliogna L, Natali F, Del Favero E, Cantu’ L, Ferrari F, Rossi S, Sandri G. Smart Device for Biologically Enhanced Functional Regeneration of Osteo-Tendon Interface. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13121996. [PMID: 34959280 PMCID: PMC8707843 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13121996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The spontaneous healing of a tendon laceration results in the formation of scar tissue, which has lower functionality than the original tissue. Moreover, chronic non-healing tendon injuries frequently require surgical treatment. Several types of scaffolds have been developed using the tissue engineering approach, to complement surgical procedures and to enhance the healing process at the injured site. In this work, an electrospun hybrid tubular scaffold was designed to mimic tissue fibrous arrangement and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and to be extemporaneously loaded into the inner cavity with human platelet lysate (PL), with the aim of leading to complete post-surgery functional regeneration of the tissue for functional regeneration of the osteo-tendon interface. For this purpose, pullulan (P)/chitosan (CH) based polymer solutions were enriched with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HP) and electrospun. The nanofibers were collected vertically along the length of the scaffold to mimic the fascicle direction of the tendon tissue. The scaffold obtained showed tendon-like mechanical performance, depending on HP content and tube size. The PL proteins were able to cross the scaffold wall, and in vitro studies have demonstrated that tenocytes and osteoblasts are able to adhere to and proliferate onto the scaffold in the presence of PL; moreover, they were also able to produce either collagen or sialoproteins, respectively-important components of ECM. These results suggest that HP and PL have a synergic effect, endorsing PL-loaded HP-doped aligned tubular scaffolds as an effective strategy to support new tissue formation in tendon-to-bone interface regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Faccendini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (E.B.); (M.R.); (B.V.); (F.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Eleonora Bianchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (E.B.); (M.R.); (B.V.); (F.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (E.B.); (M.R.); (B.V.); (F.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (E.B.); (M.R.); (B.V.); (F.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Cesare Perotti
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | | | - Laura Caliogna
- Orthopedy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Francesca Natali
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, CEDEX 09, 38042 Grenoble, France;
| | - Elena Del Favero
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, LITA Viale Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (E.D.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Laura Cantu’
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, LITA Viale Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (E.D.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (E.B.); (M.R.); (B.V.); (F.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (E.B.); (M.R.); (B.V.); (F.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (E.B.); (M.R.); (B.V.); (F.F.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-038-298-7728
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García-Villén F, Faccendini A, Miele D, Ruggeri M, Sánchez-Espejo R, Borrego-Sánchez A, Cerezo P, Rossi S, Viseras C, Sandri G. Wound Healing Activity of Nanoclay/Spring Water Hydrogels. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E467. [PMID: 32455541 PMCID: PMC7284335 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND hydrogels prepared with natural inorganic excipients and spring waters are commonly used in medical hydrology. Design of these clay-based formulations continues to be a field scarcely addressed. Safety and wound healing properties of different fibrous nanoclay/spring water hydrogels were addressed. METHODS in vitro biocompatibility, by means of MTT assay, and wound healing properties were studied. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy was used to study the morphology of fibroblasts during the wound healing process. RESULTS all the ingredients demonstrated to be biocompatible towards fibroblasts. Particularly, the formulation of nanoclays as hydrogels improved biocompatibility with respect to powder samples at the same concentration. Spring waters and hydrogels were even able to promote in vitro fibroblasts motility and, therefore, accelerate wound healing with respect to the control. CONCLUSION fibrous nanoclay/spring water hydrogels proved to be skin-biocompatible and to possess a high potential as wound healing formulations. Moreover, these results open new prospects for these ingredients to be used in new therapeutic or cosmetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima García-Villén
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 s/n Granada, Spain; (P.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Angela Faccendini
- Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, Taramelli Street 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Dalila Miele
- Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, Taramelli Street 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, Taramelli Street 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Rita Sánchez-Espejo
- Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC-UGR, Avenida de las Palmeras 4, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-E.); (A.B.-S.)
| | - Ana Borrego-Sánchez
- Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC-UGR, Avenida de las Palmeras 4, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-E.); (A.B.-S.)
| | - Pilar Cerezo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 s/n Granada, Spain; (P.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, Taramelli Street 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (G.S.)
| | - César Viseras
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 s/n Granada, Spain; (P.C.); (C.V.)
- Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC-UGR, Avenida de las Palmeras 4, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-E.); (A.B.-S.)
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, Taramelli Street 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (G.S.)
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Faccendini A, Ruggeri M, Miele D, Rossi S, Bonferoni MC, Aguzzi C, Grisoli P, Viseras C, Vigani B, Sandri G, Ferrari F. Norfloxacin-Loaded Electrospun Scaffolds: Montmorillonite Nanocomposite vs. Free Drug. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040325. [PMID: 32260441 PMCID: PMC7238150 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections in nonhealing wounds remain one of the major challenges. Recently, nanomedicine approach seems a valid option to overcome the antibiotic resistance mechanisms. The aim of this study was the development of three types of polysaccharide-based scaffolds (chitosan-based (CH), chitosan/chondroitin sulfate-based (CH/CS), chitosan/hyaluronic acid-based (CH/HA)), as dermal substitutes, to be loaded with norfloxacin, intended for the treatment of infected wounds. The scaffolds have been loaded with norfloxacin as a free drug (N scaffolds) or in montmorillonite nanocomposite (H—hybrid-scaffolds). Chitosan/glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronic acid) scaffolds were prepared by means of electrospinning with a simple, one-step process. The scaffolds were characterized by 500 nm diameter fibers with homogeneous structures when norfloxacin was loaded as a free drug. On the contrary, the presence of nanocomposite caused a certain degree of surface roughness, with fibers having 1000 nm diameters. The presence of norfloxacin–montmorillonite nanocomposite (1%) caused higher deformability (90–120%) and lower elasticity (5–10 mN/cm2), decreasing the mechanical resistance of the systems. All the scaffolds were proven to be degraded via lysozyme (this should ensure scaffold resorption) and this sustained the drug release (from 50% to 100% in 3 days, depending on system composition), especially when the drug was loaded in the scaffolds as a nanocomposite. Moreover, the scaffolds were able to decrease the bioburden at least 100-fold, proving that drug loading in the scaffolds did not impair the antimicrobial activity of norfloxacin. Chondroitin sulfate and montmorillonite in the scaffolds are proven to possess a synergic performance, enhancing the fibroblast proliferation without impairing norfloxacin’s antimicrobial properties. The scaffold based on chondroitin sulfate, containing 1% norfloxacin in the nanocomposite, demonstrated adequate stiffness to sustain fibroblast proliferation and the capability to sustain antimicrobial properties to prevent/treat nonhealing wound infection during the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Faccendini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Dalila Miele
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Maria Cristina Bonferoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Carola Aguzzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Pietro Grisoli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Cesar Viseras
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0039-0382-987728
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (P.G.); (B.V.); (F.F.)
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Sandri G, Faccendini A, Longo M, Ruggeri M, Rossi S, Bonferoni MC, Miele D, Prina-Mello A, Aguzzi C, Viseras C, Ferrari F. Halloysite- and Montmorillonite-Loaded Scaffolds as Enhancers of Chronic Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E179. [PMID: 32093190 PMCID: PMC7076487 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in life expectancy and the increasing prevalence of diabetic disease and venous insufficiency lead to the increase of chronic wounds. The prevalence of ulcers ranges from 1% in the adult population to 3-5% in the over 65 years population, with 3-5.5% of the total healthcare expenditure, as recently estimated. The aim of this work was the design and the development of electrospun scaffolds, entirely based on biopolymers, loaded with montmorillonite (MMT) or halloysite (HNT) and intended for skin reparation and regeneration, as a 3D substrate mimicking the dermal ECM. The scaffolds were manufactured by means of electrospinning and were characterized for their chemico-physical and preclinical properties. The scaffolds proved to possess the capability to enhance fibroblast cells attachment and proliferation with negligible proinflammatory activity. The capability to facilitate the cell adhesion is probably due to their unique 3D structure which are assisting cell homing and would facilitate wound healing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (D.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Angela Faccendini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (D.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Marysol Longo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (D.M.); (F.F.)
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (D.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (D.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Maria Cristina Bonferoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (D.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Dalila Miele
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (D.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Carola Aguzzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Cesar Viseras
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.F.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (S.R.); (M.C.B.); (D.M.); (F.F.)
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Vigani B, Faccendini A, Rossi S, Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Grisoli P, Ferrari F. Development of a Mucoadhesive in Situ Gelling Formulation for the Delivery of Lactobacillus gasseri into Vaginal Cavity. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11100511. [PMID: 31623341 PMCID: PMC6836057 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Local administration of vaginal probiotics, especially lactobacilli, has been recently proposed as an effective prevention strategy against candidosis recurrences, which affect 40-50% of women. In this context, the aim of the present work was the development of a mucoadhesive in situ gelling formulation for the vaginal administration of Lactobacillus gasseri. Mixtures of poloxamer 407 (P407) and methylcellulose (MC), two thermosensitive polymers, were prepared and subjected to rheological analyses for the assessment of their sol/gel transition temperature. The association of P407 (15% w/w) with MC (1.5% w/w) produced an increase in gelation extent at 37 °C even after dilution in simulated vaginal fluid (SVF). The presence of 0.5% w/w pectin (PEC) produced a reduction of vehicle pH and viscosity at 25 °C that is the vehicle resistance to flow during administration. The presence of a low concentration of xyloglucan (XYL) (0.25% w/w) increases the mucoadhesive properties and the capability to gelify at 37 °C of the formulation after dilution with SVF. A three-component (P407/MC/PEC; 3cM) and a four-component (P407/MC/PEC/XYL; 4cM) mixture were selected as promising candidates for the delivery of L. gasseri to the vaginal cavity. They were able to preserve L. gasseri viability and were cytocompatible towards the HeLa cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Angela Faccendini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Pietro Grisoli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Malgarim Cordenonsi L, Faccendini A, Rossi S, Bonferoni MC, Malavasi L, Raffin R, Scherman Schapoval EE, Del Fante C, Vigani B, Miele D, Sandri G, Ferrari F. Platelet lysate loaded electrospun scaffolds: Effect of nanofiber types on wound healing. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:247-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Sandri G, Rossi S, Bonferoni MC, Miele D, Faccendini A, Del Favero E, Di Cola E, Icaro Cornaglia A, Boselli C, Luxbacher T, Malavasi L, Cantu’ L, Ferrari F. Chitosan/glycosaminoglycan scaffolds for skin reparation. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 220:219-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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García-Villén F, Faccendini A, Aguzzi C, Cerezo P, Bonferoni MC, Rossi S, Grisoli P, Ruggeri M, Ferrari F, Sandri G, Viseras C. Montmorillonite-norfloxacin nanocomposite intended for healing of infected wounds. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5051-5060. [PMID: 31371946 PMCID: PMC6628958 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s208713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic cutaneous wounds represent a major issue in medical care and are often prone to infections. Purpose: The aim of this study was the design of a clay mineral-drug nanocomposite based on montmorillonite and norfloxacin (NF, antimicrobial drug) as a powder for cutaneous application, to enhance wound healing in infected skin lesions. Methods: The nanocomposite has been prepared by means of an intercalation solution procedure. Adsorption isotherm, solid-state characterization of the nanocomposite, drug loading capacity and its release have been performed. Moreover, cytocompatibility, in vitro fibroblast proliferation and antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were assessed. Results: The clay drug adsorption isotherm demonstrates that the mechanism of NF intercalation into montmorillonite galleries is the adsorption as one single process, due to the charge-charge interaction between protonated NF and negatively charged montmorillonite edges in the interlayer space. Nanocomposite is biocompatible and it is characterized by antimicrobial activity greater than the free drug: this is due to its nanostructure and controlled drug release properties. Conclusion: Considering the results obtained, NF-montmorillonite nanocomposite seems a promising tool to treat infected skin lesions or skin wounds prone to infection, as chronic ulcers (diabetic foot, venous leg ulcers) and burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima García-Villén
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, Granada, Spain
| | - Angela Faccendini
- Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, Pavia27100, Italy
| | - Carola Aguzzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Cerezo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, Pavia27100, Italy
| | - Pietro Grisoli
- Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, Pavia27100, Italy
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, Pavia27100, Italy
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, Pavia27100, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, Pavia27100, Italy
| | - Cesar Viseras
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, Granada, Spain
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Malgarim Cordenonsi L, Faccendini A, Catanzaro M, Bonferoni MC, Rossi S, Malavasi L, Platcheck Raffin R, Scherman Schapoval EE, Lanni C, Sandri G, Ferrari F. The role of chitosan as coating material for nanostructured lipid carriers for skin delivery of fucoxanthin. Int J Pharm 2019; 567:118487. [PMID: 31271813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (FUCO) is a marine carotenoid characterized by antiproliferative properties against hyperproliferative cells. The aim of this work was to design and develop nanostructured lipidic carriers (NLCs) based on bacuri butter and tucumã oil and loaded with FUCO, intended for skin application to prevent skin hyperproliferative diseases and in particular psoriasis. The presence of FUCO should control the hyperproliferation of skin diseased cells and the lipids forming the NLC core, rich in antioxidants and characterized by wound healing properties, should favor the restoring of skin integrity. NLCs were coated with chitosan (CS) to improve their biopharmaceutical properties (bio/mucoadhesion and wound healing) and to combine the advantages of lipidic nanoparticles with the biological properties of CS. Chitosan coated and non-coated NLC were prepared by means of high shear homogenization and characterized for chemico-physical and biopharmaceutical properties (in vitro biocompatibility and cell uptake towards normal dermal human fibroblasts). Moreover, the pharmacological activity of FUCO loaded in NLCs was assessed in psoriatic-like cellular model. NLCs were characterized by dimensions ranging from about 250 to 400 nm. Moreover, the CS coating and FUCO loading determined an increase of size. Moreover, TEM and zeta potential analysis confirmed the presence of CS coating on nanoparticle surface, thus conferring to nanoparticle good bioadhesion properties. NLCs uptake in fibroblasts was observed and NLC-FUCO-CS caused a reduction of cell viability with a less marked effect in fibroblasts rather than in psoriatic cells, highlighting the capability of this system to control skin hyperproliferation and inflammation. The loading of NLC-FUCO-CS in pullulan film should render NLCs application easy, without impair prompt interaction of the drug with the skin. Considering the overall results skin application of CS coated NLCs loaded with FUCO seems a promising approach to control skin hyperproliferation and to preserve skin integrity in psoriatic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Malgarim Cordenonsi
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade Farmacêutico/Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angela Faccendini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Catanzaro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Malavasi
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Renata Platcheck Raffin
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade Farmacêutico/Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elfrides Eva Scherman Schapoval
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade Farmacêutico/Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Vigani B, Faccendini A, Rossi S, Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Gentile M, Ferrari F. Development of a Mucoadhesive and In Situ Gelling Formulation Based on κ-Carrageenan for Application on Oral Mucosa and Esophagus Walls. I. A Functional In Vitro Characterization. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17020112. [PMID: 30759831 PMCID: PMC6409806 DOI: 10.3390/md17020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral mucositis and esophagitis represent the most frequent and clinically significant complications of cytoreductive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which severely compromise the patient quality of life. The local application of polymeric gels could protect the injured tissues, alleviating the most painful symptoms. The present work aims at developing in situ gelling formulations for the treatment of oral mucositis and esophagitis. To reach these targets, κ-carrageenan (κ-CG) was selected as a polymer having wound healing properties and able to gelify in the presence of saliva ions, while hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was used to improve the mucoadhesive properties of the formulations. CaCl₂ was identified as a salt able to enhance the interaction between κ-CG and saliva ions. Different salt and polymer concentrations were investigated in order to obtain a formulation having the following features: (i) low viscosity at room temperature to facilitate administration, (ii) marked elastic properties at 37 °C, functional to a protective action towards damaged tissues, and (iii) mucoadhesive properties. Prototypes characterized by different κ-CG, HPC, and CaCl₂ concentrations were subjected to a thorough rheological characterization and to in vitro mucoadhesion and washability tests. The overall results pointed out the ability of the developed formulations to produce a gel able to interact with saliva ions and to adhere to the biological substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Angela Faccendini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Matteo Gentile
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12 Pavia, Italy.
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Faccendini A, Vigani B, Rossi S, Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Caramella CM, Ferrari F. Nanofiber Scaffolds as Drug Delivery Systems to Bridge Spinal Cord Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10030063. [PMID: 28678209 PMCID: PMC5620607 DOI: 10.3390/ph10030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) may explain the current lack of an effective therapeutic approach for the regeneration of damaged neuronal cells and the recovery of motor functions. A primary mechanical injury in the spinal cord triggers a cascade of secondary events, which are involved in SCI instauration and progression. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the therapeutic neuro-protective and neuro-regenerative approaches, which involve the use of nanofibers as local drug delivery systems. Drugs released by nanofibers aim at preventing the cascade of secondary damage (neuro-protection), whereas nanofibrous structures are intended to re-establish neuronal connectivity through axonal sprouting (neuro-regeneration) promotion, in order to achieve a rapid functional recovery of spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Faccendini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Rossi S, Ferrari F, Bonferoni MC, Sandri G, Faccendini A, Puccio A, Caramella C. Comparison of poloxamer- and chitosan-based thermally sensitive gels for the treatment of vaginal mucositis. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:352-60. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.762654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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