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Abdelkader EH, Qianzhu H, Huber T, Otting G. Genetic Encoding of 7-Aza-l-tryptophan: Isoelectronic Substitution of a Single CH-Group in a Protein for a Nitrogen Atom for Site-Selective Isotope Labeling. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4402-4406. [PMID: 37890165 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Genetic encoding of a noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) in an in vivo expression system requires an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that specifically recognizes the ncAA, while the ncAA must not be recognized by the canonical protein expression machinery. We succeeded in genetically encoding 7-aza-tryptophan (7AW), which is isoelectronic with tryptophan. The system is fully orthogonal to protein expression in Escherichia coli, enabling high-yielding site-selective isotope labeling in vivo. 7AW is readily synthesized from serine and 7-aza-indole using a tryptophan synthetase β-subunit (TrpB) mutant, affording easy access to isotope-labeled 7AW. Using labeled 7AW produced from 15N/13C-labeled serine, we produced 7AW mutants of the 25 kDa Zika virus NS2B-NS3 protease. 15N-HSQC spectra display single cross-peaks at chemical shifts near those observed for the wild-type protein labeled with 15N/13C-tryptophan, confirming the structural integrity of the protein and yielding straightforward NMR resonance assignments for site-specific probing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwy H Abdelkader
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide & Protein Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Haocheng Qianzhu
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Thomas Huber
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Gottfried Otting
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide & Protein Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Poppleton E, Urbanek N, Chakraborty T, Griffo A, Monari L, Göpfrich K. RNA origami: design, simulation and application. RNA Biol 2023; 20:510-524. [PMID: 37498217 PMCID: PMC10376919 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2237719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Design strategies for DNA and RNA nanostructures have developed along parallel lines for the past 30 years, from small structural motifs derived from biology to large 'origami' structures with thousands to tens of thousands of bases. With the recent publication of numerous RNA origami structures and improved design methods-even permitting co-transcriptional folding of kilobase-sized structures - the RNA nanotechnolgy field is at an inflection point. Here, we review the key achievements which inspired and enabled RNA origami design and draw comparisons with the development and applications of DNA origami structures. We further present the available computational tools for the design and the simulation, which will be key to the growth of the RNA origami community. Finally, we portray the transition from RNA origami structure to function. Several functional RNA origami structures exist already, their expression in cells has been demonstrated and first applications in cell biology have already been realized. Overall, we foresee that the fast-paced RNA origami field will provide new molecular hardware for biophysics, synthetic biology and biomedicine, complementing the DNA origami toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Poppleton
- Biophysical Engineering Group, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biophysical Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Biomechanics, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niklas Urbanek
- Biophysical Engineering Group, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biophysical Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Taniya Chakraborty
- Biophysical Engineering Group, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biophysical Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandra Griffo
- Biophysical Engineering Group, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biophysical Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luca Monari
- Biophysical Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut de Science Et D’ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kerstin Göpfrich
- Biophysical Engineering Group, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biophysical Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
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Qianzhu H, Abdelkader EH, Herath ID, Otting G, Huber T. Site-Specific Incorporation of 7-Fluoro-L-tryptophan into Proteins by Genetic Encoding to Monitor Ligand Binding by 19F NMR Spectroscopy. ACS Sens 2022; 7:44-49. [PMID: 35005899 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A mutant aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase identified by a library selection system affords site-specific incorporation of 7-fluoro-L-tryptophan in response to an amber stop codon. The enzyme allows the production of proteins with a single hydrogen atom replaced by a fluorine atom as a sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe. The substitution of a single hydrogen atom by another element that is as closely similar in size and hydrophobicity as possible minimizes possible perturbations in the structure, stability, and solubility of the protein. The fluorine atom enables site-selective monitoring of the protein response to ligand binding by 19F NMR spectroscopy, as demonstrated with the Zika virus NS2B-NS3 protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Qianzhu
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Elwy H. Abdelkader
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide & Protein Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Iresha D. Herath
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide & Protein Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Gottfried Otting
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide & Protein Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Thomas Huber
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Lu J, Hu P, Cao L, Wei Z, Xiao F, Chen Z, Li Y, Tian L. Genetically Encoded and Biologically Produced All-DNA Nanomedicine Based on One-Pot Assembly of DNA Dendrimers for Targeted Gene Regulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5377-5385. [PMID: 33226694 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
All-DNA nanomedicines have emerged as potential anti-tumor drugs. DNA nanotechnology provides all-DNA nanomedicines with unlimited possibilities in controlling the diversification of size, shape, and loads of the therapeutic motifs. As DNA is a biological polymer, it is possible to genetically encode and produce the all-DNA nanomedicines in living bacteria. Herein, DNA-dendrimer-based nanomedicines are designed to adapt to the biological production, which is constructed by the flexible 3-arm building blocks to enable a highly efficient one-pot DNA assembly. For the first time, a DNA nanomedicine, D4-3-As-DzSur, is successfully genetically encoded, biotechnologically produced, and directly self-assembled. The performance of the biologically produced D4-3-As-DzSur in targeted gene regulation has been confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies. The biological production capability will fulfill the low-cost and large-scale production of all-DNA nanomedicines and promote clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiong Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Institute of Medi-X, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Pengchao Hu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Lingyan Cao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zixiang Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Leilei Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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Xiao Q, Liu Z, Zhao X, Xiong H. Multiple Site-Specific One-Pot Synthesis of Two Proteins by the Bio-Orthogonal Flexizyme System. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:37. [PMID: 32117920 PMCID: PMC7010957 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM) vastly employed in many biological events, including regulating gene expression and dynamic transitions in chromatin remodeling. We have developed the first one-pot bio-orthogonal flexizyme system in which both acetyl-lysine (AcK) and non-hydrolysable thioacetyl-lysine (ThioAcK) were site-specifically incorporated into human histone H3 and H4 at different lysine positions in vitro, either individually or in pairs. In addition, the high accuracy of this system moving toward one-pot synthesis of desired histone variants is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Xiao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hai Xiong
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Manduchi E, Chesi A, Hall MA, Grant SFA, Moore JH. Leveraging putative enhancer-promoter interactions to investigate two-way epistasis in Type 2 Diabetes GWAS. Pac Symp Biocomput 2018; 23:548-58. [PMID: 29218913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We utilized evidence for enhancer-promoter interactions from functional genomics data in order to build biological filters to narrow down the search space for two-way Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) interactions in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS). This has led us to the identification of a reproducible statistically significant SNP pair associated with T2D. As more functional genomics data are being generated that can help identify potentially interacting enhancer-promoter pairs in larger collection of tissues/cells, this approach has implications for investigation of epistasis from GWAS in general.
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Saurabh S, Zhang M, Mann VR, Costello AM, Bruchez MP. Kinetically Tunable Photostability of Fluorogen-Activating Peptide-Fluorogen Complexes. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:2974-80. [PMID: 26310607 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ease of genetic encoding, labeling specificity, and high photostability are the most sought after qualities in a fluorophore for biological detection. Furthermore, many applications can gain from the fluorogenic nature of fluoromodules and the ability to turn on the same fluoromodules multiple times. Fluorogen-activating peptides (FAPs) bind noncovalently to their cognate fluorogens and exhibit enhanced photostability. Herein, the photostabilities of malachite green (MG)-binding and thiazole-orange-binding FAPs are compared under limiting- and excess-fluorogen conditions to establish distinct mechanisms for photostability that correspond to the dissociation rate of the FAP-fluorogen complex. FAPs with slow dissociation show evidence of dye encapsulation and protection from photo or environmental degradation and single-step bleaching at the single molecule level, whereas those with rapid dissociation show repeated cycles of binding and enhanced photostability by exchange of bleached fluorogen with a new dye. A combination of generalizable selection pressure based on bleaching, flow cytometry, and site-specific amino acid mutagenesis is used to obtain a modified FAP with enhanced photostability, due to rapid dissociation of the MG fluorogen. These studies shed light on the basic mechanisms by which noncovalent association can effect photostable labeling, and demonstrate novel reagents for photostable and intermittent labeling of biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Saurabh
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (USA).,Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (USA)
| | - Ming Zhang
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (USA).,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (USA)
| | - Victor R Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (USA)
| | - Andrea M Costello
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (USA)
| | - Marcel P Bruchez
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (USA). .,Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (USA).
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Abstract
Light-responsive proteins have been used in the field of optogenetics to control cellular functions. However, surprisingly, analogous approaches to regulate and alter the functions of RNA molecules by light remain underdeveloped. RNA aptamers and RNA devices can perform diverse intracellular functions and are important tools in synthetic biology. This report explores the challenges of and potential strategies for engineering light regulation into functional RNAs in cells. We discuss approaches for using existing light-regulated proteins and small molecules to control RNA function in living cells. In addition, applications of light-regulated RNAs for synthetic biology and for studying functions of endogenously expressed RNAs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu You
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Samie R Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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