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Wang S, Lim S, Tasmim S, Kalairaj MS, Rivera-Tarazona LK, Abdelrahman MK, Javed M, George SM, Lee YJ, Jawed MK, Ware TH. Reconfigurable Growth of Engineered Living Materials. Adv Mater 2024:e2309818. [PMID: 38288578 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The growth of multicellular organisms is a process akin to additive manufacturing where cellular proliferation and mechanical boundary conditions, among other factors, drive morphogenesis. Engineers have limited ability to engineer morphogenesis to manufacture goods or to reconfigure materials comprised of biomass. Herein, a method that uses biological processes to grow and regrow magnetic engineered living materials (mELMs) into desired geometries is reported. These composites contain Saccharomyces cerevisiae and magnetic particles within a hydrogel matrix. The reconfigurable manufacturing process relies on the growth of living cells, magnetic forces, and elastic recovery of the hydrogel. The mELM then adopts a form in an external magnetic field. Yeast within the material proliferates, resulting in 259 ± 14% volume expansion. Yeast proliferation fixes the magnetic deformation, even when the magnetic field is removed. The shape fixity can be up to 99.3 ± 0.3%. The grown mELM can recover up to 73.9 ± 1.9% of the original form by removing yeast cell walls. The directed growth and recovery process can be repeated at least five times. This work enables ELMs to be processed and reprocessed into user-defined geometries without external material deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suitu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Sangmin Lim
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Seelay Tasmim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | | | | | - Mustafa K Abdelrahman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Mahjabeen Javed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Sasha M George
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - M Khalid Jawed
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Taylor H Ware
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
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2
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Yu L, Chen L, Liu Y, Zhu J, Wang F, Ma L, Yi K, Xiao H, Zhou F, Wang F, Bai L, Zhu Y, Xiao X, Yang Y. Magnetically Actuated Hydrogel Stamping-Assisted Cellular Mechanical Analyzer for Stored Blood Quality Detection. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1183-1191. [PMID: 36867892 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Cellular mechanical property analysis reflecting the physiological and pathological states of cells plays a crucial role in assessing the quality of stored blood. However, its complex equipment needs, operation difficulty, and clogging issues hinder automated and rapid biomechanical testing. Here, we propose a promising biosensor assisted by magnetically actuated hydrogel stamping to fulfill it. The flexible magnetic actuator triggers the collective deformation of multiple cells in the light-cured hydrogel, and it allows for on-demand bioforce stimulation with the advantages of portability, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity of operation. The magnetically manipulated cell deformation processes are captured by the integrated miniaturized optical imaging system, and the cellular mechanical property parameters are extracted from the captured images for real-time analysis and intelligent sensing. In this work, 30 clinical blood samples with different storage durations (<14 days and >14 days) were tested. A deviation of 3.3% in the differentiation of blood storage durations by this system compared to physician annotation demonstrated its feasibility. This system should broaden the application of cellular mechanical assays in diverse clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Longfei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yantong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jiaomeng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Linlu Ma
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kezhen Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Long Bai
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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3
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Nadour H, Bozorg Grayeli A, Poisson G, Belharet K. CochleRob: Parallel-Serial Robot to Position a Magnetic Actuator around a Patient's Head for Intracochlear Microrobot Navigation. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2973. [PMID: 36991684 PMCID: PMC10054852 DOI: 10.3390/s23062973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Our work introduces a new robotic solution named CochleRob, which is used for the administration of super-paramagnetic antiparticles as drug carriers into the human cochlea for the treatment of hearing loss caused by damaged cochlea. This novel robot architecture presents two key contributions. First, CochleRob has been designed to meet specifications pertaining to ear anatomy, including workspace, degrees of freedom, compactness, rigidity, and accuracy. The first objective was to develop a safer mathod to administer drugs to the cochlea without the need for catheter or CI insertion. Secondly, we aimed at developing and validating the mathemathical models, including forward, inverse, and dynamic models, to support the robot function. Our work provides a promising solution for drug administration into the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Housseyne Nadour
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GIPSA-Lab, École Doctorale Électronique, Électrotechnique, Automatique, Traitement du Signal (ED EEATS), 38100 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexis Bozorg Grayeli
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
- CNRS UMR 6306 Le2i Research Laboratory, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Gérard Poisson
- PRISME EA 4229, Université d’Orléans, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - Karim Belharet
- PRISME EA 4229, JUNIA-HEI, 2 Allée Jean Vaillé, 36000 Châteauroux, France
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Lee SH, Kang BS, Kwak MK. Magneto-Responsive Actuating Surfaces with Controlled Wettability and Optical Transmittance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:14721-14728. [PMID: 35289610 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The wettability of surfaces can be manipulated using actuating micro/nanostructures, as in the manipulation of water droplets with magnetic forces. Controlling water droplets with magneto-responsive surfaces is limited to optical applications, however, because these surfaces are normally opaque. Herein, we introduce a magneto-responsive actuating surface that is capable of controlling not only the wettability but also the optical transmittance. The magneto-responsive actuating surface is fabricated using a composite of iron particles with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Thanks to the elastic properties of PDMS, fabricated microstructures' bending is induced by applying magnetic force. Therefore, the static/dynamic water contact angle and the optical transmittance can be controlled. Furthermore, as a feasible application, a sliding angle control system that depends on the magnet location is implemented. On the basis of the interesting characteristics of not only wettability but also optical transmittance, this study is expected to be widely used in various fields such as optics, surface self-cleaning systems of solar cells, and smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Lee
- Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bong Su Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kyu Kwak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Castro N, Fernandes MM, Ribeiro C, Correia V, Minguez R, Lanceros-Méndez S. Magnetic Bioreactor for Magneto-, Mechano- and Electroactive Tissue Engineering Strategies. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E3340. [PMID: 32545551 PMCID: PMC7349750 DOI: 10.3390/s20123340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic bioreactor systems are increasingly being developed for tissue engineering applications, due to their ability to recreate the native cell/tissue microenvironment. Regarding bone-related diseases and considering the piezoelectric nature of bone, piezoelectric scaffolds electromechanically stimulated by a bioreactor, providing the stimuli to the cells, allows a biomimetic approach and thus, mimicking the required microenvironment for effective growth and differentiation of bone cells. In this work, a bioreactor has been designed and built allowing to magnetically stimulate magnetoelectric scaffolds and therefore provide mechanical and electrical stimuli to the cells through magnetomechanical or magnetoelectrical effects, depending on the piezoelectric nature of the scaffold. While mechanical bioreactors need direct application of the stimuli on the scaffolds, the herein proposed magnetic bioreactors allow for a remote stimulation without direct contact with the material. Thus, the stimuli application (23 mT at a frequency of 0.3 Hz) to cells seeded on the magnetoelectric, leads to an increase in cell viability of almost 30% with respect to cell culture under static conditions. This could be valuable to mimic what occurs in the human body and for application in immobilized patients. Thus, special emphasis has been placed on the control, design and modeling parameters governing the bioreactor as well as its functional mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Castro
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, E-48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Margarida M. Fernandes
- Centre of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.M.F.); (C.R.)
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Centre of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.M.F.); (C.R.)
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Vítor Correia
- Algoritmi Research Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Rikardo Minguez
- Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, University of the Basque Country, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, E-48940 Leioa, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
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Van Grinsven KL, Ousati Ashtiani A, Jiang H. Lorentz Force Actuated Tunable-Focus Liquid Lens. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:E714. [PMID: 31652548 PMCID: PMC6843212 DOI: 10.3390/mi10100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tunable-focus liquid lenses provide focal length tuning for optical systems, e.g., cameras, where physical movement of rigid lenses are not an option or not preferable. In this work we present a magnetically actuated liquid lens utilizing the Lorentz force to vary the focal length as the current through the system is varied. The resulting lens can operate as both a diverging and a converging lens depending on the direction of current applied and has a large range of focal lengths, from -305 mm to -111 mm and from 272 mm to 146 mm. We also characterized the aberrations of the lens during the actuation with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, and utilized the lens for imaging, during which we measured a resolution of 7.13 lp/mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari L Van Grinsven
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Alireza Ousati Ashtiani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Hongrui Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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7
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Mohd Said M, Yunas J, Bais B, Hamzah AA, Yeop Majlis B. The Design, Fabrication, and Testing of an Electromagnetic Micropump with a Matrix-Patterned Magnetic Polymer Composite Actuator Membrane. Micromachines (Basel) 2017; 9:E13. [PMID: 30393292 DOI: 10.3390/mi9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A valveless electromagnetic (EM) micropump with a matrix-patterned magnetic polymer composite actuator membrane structure was successfully designed and fabricated. The composite membrane structure is made of polydemethylsiloxane (PDMS) that is mixed with magnetic particles and patterned in matrix blocks. The matrix magnetic composite membrane was fabricated using a soft lithography process and expected to have a compact structure having sufficient magnetic force for membrane deformation and maintained membrane flexibility. The magnetic membrane was integrated with the microfluidic system and functionally tested. The experimental results show that a magnetic composite actuator membrane containing of 6% NdFeB is capable of producing a maximum membrane deflection up to 12.87 µm. The functionality test of the EM actuator for fluid pumping resulted in an extremely low sample injection flow rate of approximately 6.523 nL/min. It was also concluded that there is a correlation between the matrix structure of the actuator membrane and the fluid pumping flow rate. The injection flow rate of the EM micropump can be controlled by adjusting the input power supplied to the EM coil, and this is believed to improve the injection accuracy of the drug dosage and have potential in improving the proficiency of the existing drug delivery system.
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Abstract
Capsule endoscopy is a promising technique for diagnosing diseases in the digestive system. Here we design and characterize a miniature swimming mechanism that uses the magnetic fields of the MRI for both propulsion and wireless powering of the capsule. Our method uses both the static and the radio frequency (RF) magnetic fields inherently available in MRI to generate a propulsive force. Our study focuses on the evaluation of the propulsive force for different swimming tails and experimental estimation of the parameters that influence its magnitude. We have found that an approximately 20 mm long, 5 mm wide swimming tail is capable of producing 0.21 mN propulsive force in water when driven by a 20 Hz signal providing 0.85 mW power and the tail located within the homogeneous field of a 3 T MRI scanner. We also analyze the parallel operation of the swimming mechanism and the scanner imaging. We characterize the size of artifacts caused by the propulsion system. We show that while the magnetic micro swimmer is propelling the capsule endoscope, the operator can locate the capsule on the image of an interventional scene without being obscured by significant artifacts. Although this swimming method does not scale down favorably, the high magnetic field of the MRI allows self propulsion speed on the order of several millimeter per second and can propel an endoscopic capsule in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Kósa
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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