1
|
Kwon S, Adin V, Park C, Chun H, Kim K, Kim C. Camera sheath with transformable head for minimally invasive surgical instruments. MINIM INVASIV THER 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38602475 DOI: 10.1080/13645706.2024.2335540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper presents a camera sheath that can be assembled to various minimally invasive surgical instruments and provide the localized view of the instrument tip. MATERIAL AND METHODS The advanced transformable head structure (ATHS) that overcomes the trade-off between the camera resolution and the instrument size is designed for the sheath. Design solutions to maintain the alignment between the camera's line of sight and the instrument tip direction during the transformation of the ATHS are derived and applied to the prototype of the sheath. RESULTS The design solution ensured proper alignment between the line of sight and the tip direction. The prototype was used with the curved micro-debrider blades in simulated functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Deep regions of the sinus that were not observable with the conventional endoscopes was accessed and observed using the prototype. CONCLUSIONS The presented camera sheath allows the delivery of the instrument and camera to the surgical site with minimal increase in port size. It may be applied to various surgeries to reduce invasiveness and provide additional visual information to the surgeons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seongil Kwon
- Center for Augmented Safety System with Intelligence Sensing and Tracking (ASSIST), Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Veysi Adin
- Department of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Chulmin Park
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Keri Kim
- Center for Augmented Safety System with Intelligence Sensing and Tracking (ASSIST), Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chunwoo Kim
- Center for Healthcare Robotics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Division of AI-Robot, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ke X, Yong H, Xu F, Chai Z, Jiang J, Ni X, Wu Z. Synergistical Mechanical Design and Function Integration for Insect-Scale On-Demand Configurable Multifunctional Soft Magnetic Robots. Soft Robot 2024; 11:43-56. [PMID: 37418155 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2022.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Meso- or micro-scale(or insect-scale) robots that are capable of realizing flexible locomotion and/or carrying on complex tasks in a remotely controllable manner hold great promise in diverse fields, such as biomedical applications, unknown environment exploration, in situ operation in confined spaces, and so on. However, the existing design and implementation approaches for such multifunctional, on-demand configurable insect-scale robots are often focusing on their actuation or locomotion, while matched design and implementation with synergistic actuation and function modules under large deformation targeting varying task/target demands are rarely investigated. In this study, through systematical investigations on synergistical mechanical design and function integration, we developed a matched design and implementation method for constructing multifunctional, on-demand configurable insect-scale soft magnetic robots. Based on such a method, we report a simple approach to construct soft magnetic robots by assembling various modules from the standard part library together. Moreover, diverse soft magnetic robots with desirable motion and function can be (re)configured. Finally, we demonstrated (re)configurable soft magnetic robots shifting into different modes to adapt and respond to varying scenarios. The customizable physical realization of complex soft robots with desirable actuation and diverse functions can pave a new way for constructing more sophisticated insect-scale soft machines that can be applied to practical applications soon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haochen Yong
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fukang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiping Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li T, Chen J. Research on the grasping characteristics of composite-driven double-finger flexible manipulator. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241233082. [PMID: 38556767 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241233082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Aiming at the flexible manipulator grasping complex target parts of different shapes, a double-finger flexible manipulator model is proposed. The manipulator is composed of a flexible mechanical finger, a driving component and a position compensation mechanism. It imitates the motion characteristics of human finger joints and follows the principle of double-fingered grasping. According to the structural characteristics of the target contour, the grasping features of the target contour are extracted. Through the motion principle of the flexible manipulator, the kinematic model of the envelope clamping process of the manipulator target is carried out. Finally, the flexible manipulator experimental platform is built to verify the grasping characteristics of the flexible manipulator target. The results show that the manipulator can realize the adaptive grasping of cylinder and cuboid parts, which have high grasping reliability and stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Mechanical Engineering, Henan College of Industry & Information Technology, Henan Jiaozuo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu H, Zhang C, Ding Y, Chen F, Huang Q, Zheng Z. A Review of Structure Engineering of Strain-Tolerant Architectures for Stretchable Electronics. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2300671. [PMID: 37661591 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics possess significant advantages over their conventional rigid counterparts and boost game-changing applications such as bioelectronics, flexible displays, wearable health monitors, etc. It is, nevertheless, a formidable task to impart stretchability to brittle electronic materials such as silicon. This review provides a concise but critical discussion of the prevailing structural engineering strategies for achieving strain-tolerant electronic devices. Not only the more commonly discussed lateral designs of structures such as island-bridge, wavy structures, fractals, and kirigami, but also the less discussed vertical architectures such as strain isolation and elastoplastic principle are reviewed. Future opportunities are envisaged at the end of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yichun Ding
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Qiyao Huang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Kater EP, Boetzkes JA, Sakes A, Breedveld P. Bone biopsy devices - a patent review. Expert Rev Med Devices 2023; 20:919-928. [PMID: 37675566 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2254681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone biopsies have great value for the diagnosis of, amongst others, hematologic diseases. Although the bone biopsy procedure is mostly performed minimally invasive with the use of a slender cannula, the patient may still experience discomfort, especially when the procedure has to be repeated due to an unsuccessful biopsy. AREAS COVERED This review presents a comprehensive overview of bone biopsy devices presented in the patent literature. The patents were obtained using a classification search combined with keywords in the Espacenet patent database and were subsequently verified using pre-set eligibility criteria. This resulted in 62 unique patents included in this review. EXPERT OPINION The included patents were categorized based on the used strategies for the three steps that can be identified during a bone biopsy (1) biopsy sampling, (2) biopsy severing and (3) biopsy harvesting. Most patents described strategies for multiple steps. Insight into the used strategies and the comprehensive overview may serve as a source of inspiration for the design of novel bone biopsy devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther P de Kater
- Bio-Inspired Technology Group, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A Boetzkes
- Bio-Inspired Technology Group, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Aimée Sakes
- Bio-Inspired Technology Group, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Breedveld
- Bio-Inspired Technology Group, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
González AK, Rodríguez-Reséndiz J, Gonzalez-Durán JEE, Olivares Ramírez JM, Estévez-Bén AA. Development of a Hip Joint Socket by Finite-Element-Based Analysis for Mechanical Assessment. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020268. [PMID: 36829762 PMCID: PMC9952638 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This article evaluates a hip joint socket design by finite element method (FEM). The study was based on the needs and characteristics of a patient with an oncological amputation; however, the solution and the presented method may be generalized for patients with similar conditions. The research aimed to solve a generalized problem, taking a typical case from the study area as a reference. Data were collected on the use of the current improving prosthesis-specifically in interaction with its socket-to obtain information on the new approach design: this step constituted the work's starting point, where the problems to be solved in conventional designs were revealed. Currently, the development of this type of support does not consider the functionality and comfort of the patient. Research has reported that 58% of patients with sockets have rejected their use, because they do not fit comfortably and functionally; therefore, patients' low acceptance or rejection of the use of the prosthesis socket has been documented. In this study, different designs were evaluated, based on the FEM as scientific support for the results obtained, for the development of a new ergonomic fit with a 60% increase in patient compliance, that had correct gait performance when correcting postures, improved fit-user interaction, and that presented an esthetic fit that met the usability factor. The validation of the results was carried out through the physical construction of the prototype. The research showed how the finite element method improved the design, analyzing the structural behavioral, and that it could reduce cost and time instead of generating several prototypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen González
- Engineering Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz
- Engineering Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.R.-R.); (J.M.O.R.)
| | | | - Juan Manuel Olivares Ramírez
- Department of Renewable Energy, Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río, Querétaro 76800, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.R.-R.); (J.M.O.R.)
| | - Adyr A. Estévez-Bén
- Engineering Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
- Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohammadi H, Ahmad Z, Mazlan SA, Faizal Johari MA, Siebert G, Petrů M, Rahimian Koloor SS. Lightweight Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite for Automotive Bumper Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010193. [PMID: 36616541 PMCID: PMC9824407 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of fuel economy and the emission of greenhouse gases are the key growing challenges around the globe that drive automobile manufacturers to produce lightweight vehicles. Additionally, the reduction in the weight of the vehicle could contribute to its recyclability and performance (for example crashworthiness and impact resistance). One of the strategies is to develop high-performance lightweight materials by the replacement of conventional materials such as steel and cast iron with lightweight materials. The lightweight composite which is commonly referred to as fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) composite is one of the lightweight materials to achieve fuel efficiency and the reduction of CO2 emission. However, the damage of FRP composite under impact loading is one of the critical factors which affects its structural application. The bumper beam plays a key role in bearing sudden impact during a collision. Polymer composite materials have been abundantly used in a variety of applications such as transportation industries. The main thrust of the present paper deals with the use of high-strength glass fibers as the reinforcing member in the polymer composite to develop a car bumper beam. The mechanical performance and manufacturing techniques are discussed. Based on the literature studies, glass fiber-reinforced composite (GRP) provides more promise in the automotive industry compared to conventional materials such as car bumper beams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mohammadi
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Zaini Ahmad
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Z.A.); (S.S.R.K.)
| | - Saiful Amri Mazlan
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) Ikohza, Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Aidy Faizal Johari
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) Ikohza, Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Geralt Siebert
- Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Structural Engineering, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, Neubiberg, 85579 Munich, Germany
| | - Michal Petrů
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor
- Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Structural Engineering, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, Neubiberg, 85579 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (Z.A.); (S.S.R.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Mao J, Peng J, Tomsia AP, Jiang L, Cheng Q. Ginkgo seed shell provides a unique model for bioinspired design. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211458119. [PMID: 36442101 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211458119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural structural materials typically feature complex hierarchical anisotropic architectures, resulting in excellent damage tolerance. Such highly anisotropic structures, however, also provide an easy path for crack propagation, often leading to catastrophic fracture as evidenced, for example, by wood splitting. Here, we describe the weakly anisotropic structure of Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) seed shell, which has excellent crack resistance in different directions. Ginkgo seed shell is composed of tightly packed polygonal sclereids with cell walls in which the cellulose microfibrils are oriented in a helicoidal pattern. We found that the sclereids contain distinct pits, special fine tubes like a "screw fastener," that interlock the helicoidal cell walls together. As a result, ginkgo seed shell demonstrates crack resistance in all directions, exhibiting specific fracture toughness that can rival other highly anisotropic natural materials, such as wood, bone, insect cuticle, and nacre. In situ characterization reveals ginkgo's unique toughening mechanism: pit-guided crack propagation. This mechanism forces the crack to depart from the weak compound middle lamella and enter into the sclereid, where the helicoidal cell wall significantly inhibits crack growth by the cleavage and breakage of the fibril-based cell walls. Ginkgo's toughening mechanism could provide guidelines for a new bioinspired strategy for the design of high-performance bulk materials.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kacalak W, Majewski M, Budniak Z, Ponomarenkow J. Worm Gear Drives with Improved Kinematic Accuracy. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:7825. [PMID: 34947418 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the fundamentals of the design and applications of new worm gear drive solutions, which enable the minimisation of backlash and are characterised by higher kinematic accuracy. Different types of worm surfaces are briefly outlined. Technological problems concerning the principles of achieving a high degree of precision in machining are also described. Special attention is paid to the shaping of conical helical surfaces. Increasing the manufacturing precision of drive components allows one to achieve both lower backlash values and lower levels of its dispersion. However, this does not ensure that backlash can be eliminated, with its value being kept low during longer periods of operation. This is important in positioning systems and during recurrent operations. Various design solutions for drives in which it is possible to reduce backlash are presented. Results of experiments of a worm gear drive with a worm axially adaptive only locally, in its central section, are presented. In this solution, it is possible to reduce backlash by introducing adjustment settings without disassembling the drive. An important scientific problem concerned defining the principles of achieving a compromise between the effectiveness of reducing backlash and the required load capacity of the drive. In this paper it has been shown that in worm gear drives with a locally axially adaptive worm, as well as with a worm wheel with a deformable rim, it is possible to achieve significant reduction of backlash. In high precision drives—for example, those with an average backlash value of <15 micrometers—this can enable more than a two-fold reduction of the average backlash value and more than a three-fold decrease of the standard deviation of local backlash values.
Collapse
|
10
|
Berges JM, van der Straeten K, Jacobs G, Berroth J, Gillner A. Model-Based Estimation of the Strength of Laser-Based Plastic-Metal Joints Using Finite Element Microstructure Models and Regression Models. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14175004. [PMID: 34501094 PMCID: PMC8434130 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plastic-metal joints with a laser-structured metal surface have a high potential to reduce cost and weight compared to conventional joining technologies. However, their application is currently inhibited due to the absence of simulation methods and models for mechanical design. Thus, this paper presents a model-based approach for the strength estimation of laser-based plastic-metal joints. The approach aims to provide a methodology for the efficient creation of surrogate models, which can capture the influence of the microstructure parameters on the joint strength. A parametrization rule for the shape of the microstructure is developed using microsection analysis. Then, a parameterized finite element (FE) model of the joining zone on micro level is developed. Different statistical plans and model fits are tested, and the predicted strength of the FE model and the surrogate models are compared against experiments for different microstructure geometries. The joint strength is predicted by the FE model with a 3.7% error. Surrogate modelling using half-factorial experimental design and linear regression shows the best accuracy (6.2% error). This surrogate model can be efficiently created as only 16 samples are required. Furthermore, the surrogate model is provided as an equation, offering the designer a convenient tool to estimate parameter sensitivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Moritz Berges
- Institute for Machine Elements and Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstr. 18, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (G.J.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-809-0878
| | - Kira van der Straeten
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Steinbachstr. 15, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.v.d.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Georg Jacobs
- Institute for Machine Elements and Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstr. 18, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (G.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Jörg Berroth
- Institute for Machine Elements and Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstr. 18, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (G.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Arnold Gillner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Steinbachstr. 15, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.v.d.S.); (A.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kermen E, Mohammadi H. Mechanics of foot orthotics: material properties. J Med Eng Technol 2021; 45:627-641. [PMID: 34287095 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2021.1940332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Orthotics have been utilised by clinicians for many years to treat foot-related abnormalities. With advancements in material sciences, the footwear industry started utilising synthetic materials which have better and suitable properties. Clinicians, who prescribe foot insoles, need to have an extensive understanding of the properties and characteristics of insole materials, to make informed decisions to meet the patients' needs. This thesis showcases utilised techniques and systems to evaluate orthosis properties as well as current criteria to date. Researchers have utilised a variety of testing techniques to examine properties of insole materials including; bench testing, simulated in-shoe conditions, in-shoe testing, and finite element analysis. Even though, there is a great understanding of material properties with endless diverse composition and thicknesses of each material makes clinical recommendations on the choice of material an impossible task. As the footwear orthosis industry shifts the focus from material to design, some researchers explore various anisotropic materials to create a homogeneous insole that can support as well as relieve pressure on patient's feet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Kermen
- The Heart Valve Performance Laboratory, School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Hadi Mohammadi
- The Heart Valve Performance Laboratory, School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Serrao P, Dhimole VK, Cho C. Effect of Ankle Torque on the Ankle-Foot Orthosis Joint Design Sustainability. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14112975. [PMID: 34072797 PMCID: PMC8198629 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ankle joint of a powered ankle–foot orthosis (PAFO) is a prominent component, as it must withstand the dynamic loading conditions during its service time, while delivering all the functional requirements such as reducing the metabolic effort during walking, minimizing the stress on the user’s joint, and improving the gait stability of the impaired subjects. More often, the life of an AFO is limited by the performance of its joint; hence, a careful design consideration and material selection are required to increase the AFO’s service life. In the present work, a compact AFO joint was designed based on a worm gear mechanism with steel and brass counterparts due to the fact of its large torque transfer capability in a single stage, enabling a compact joint. Further, it provided an added advantage of self-locking due to the large friction that prevents backdrive, which is beneficial for drop-foot recovery. The design was verified using nonlinear finite element analysis for maximum torque situations at the ankle joint during normal walking. The results indicate stress levels within its design performance; however, it is recommended to select high-grade structural steel for the ankle shaft as the highest stresses in AFO were located on it.
Collapse
|
13
|
Jinno M, Iordachita I. Improved Integrated Robotic Intraocular Snake: Analyses of the Kinematics and Drive Mechanism of the Dexterous Distal Unit. J Med Robot Res 2021; 6:2140001. [PMID: 34722945 PMCID: PMC8553217 DOI: 10.1142/s2424905x21400018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Retinal surgery can be performed only by surgeons possessing advanced surgical skills because of the small, confined intraocular space, and the restricted free motion of the instruments in contact with the sclera. Snake-like robots may be essential for use in retinal surgery to overcome this problem. Such robots can approach the target site from suitable directions and operate on delicate tissues during retinal vein cannulation, epiretinal membrane peeling, and so on. We propose an improved integrated robotic intraocular snake (I2RIS), which is a new version of our previous IRIS. This study focused on the analyses of the kinematics and drive mechanism of the dexterous distal unit. This unit consists of small elements with reduced contact stress achieved by changing wire-hole positions. The kinematic analysis of the dexterous distal unit shows that it is possible to control the bending angle and direction of the unit by using two pairs of drive wires. The proposed drive mechanism includes a new pull-and-release wire mechanism in which the drive pulley is mounted at a right angle relative to the actuation direction (also, relative to the conventional direction). Analysis of the drive mechanism shows that compared to the previous drive mechanism, the proposed mechanism is simpler and easier to assemble and yields higher accuracy and resolution. Furthermore, considering clinical use, the instrument of the I2RIS is detachable from the motor unit easily for cleaning, sterilization, and attachment of various surgical tools. Analyses of the kinematics and drive mechanism and the basic functions of the proposed mechanism were verified experimentally on actual-size prototypes of the instrument and motor units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Jinno
- School of Science and Engineering, Kokushikan University, Tokyo 154-8515, Japan
| | - Iulian Iordachita
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cuellar JS, Plettenburg D, Zadpoor AA, Breedveld P, Smit G. Design of a 3D-printed hand prosthesis featuring articulated bio-inspired fingers. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2020; 235:336-345. [PMID: 33292076 DOI: 10.1177/0954411920980889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Various upper-limb prostheses have been designed for 3D printing but only a few of them are based on bio-inspired design principles and many anatomical details are not typically incorporated even though 3D printing offers advantages that facilitate the application of such design principles. We therefore aimed to apply a bio-inspired approach to the design and fabrication of articulated fingers for a new type of 3D printed hand prosthesis that is body-powered and complies with basic user requirements. We first studied the biological structure of human fingers and their movement control mechanisms in order to devise the transmission and actuation system. A number of working principles were established and various simplifications were made to fabricate the hand prosthesis using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printer with dual material extrusion. We then evaluated the mechanical performance of the prosthetic device by measuring its ability to exert pinch forces and the energy dissipated during each operational cycle. We fabricated our prototypes using three polymeric materials including PLA, TPU, and Nylon. The total weight of the prosthesis was 92 g with a total material cost of 12 US dollars. The energy dissipated during each cycle was 0.380 Nm with a pinch force of ≈16 N corresponding to an input force of 100 N. The hand is actuated by a conventional pulling cable used in BP prostheses. It is connected to a shoulder strap at one end and to the coupling of the whiffle tree mechanism at the other end. The whiffle tree mechanism distributes the force to the four tendons, which bend all fingers simultaneously when pulled. The design described in this manuscript demonstrates several bio-inspired design features and is capable of performing different grasping patterns due to the adaptive grasping provided by the articulated fingers. The pinch force obtained is superior to other fully 3D printed body-powered hand prostheses, but still below that of conventional body powered hand prostheses. We present a 3D printed bio-inspired prosthetic hand that is body-powered and includes all of the following characteristics: adaptive grasping, articulated fingers, and minimized post-printing assembly. Additionally, the low cost and low weight make this prosthetic hand a worthy option mainly in locations where state-of-the-art prosthetic workshops are absent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastian Cuellar
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Plettenburg
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Breedveld
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Smit
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Perricone V, Grun TB, Marmo F, Langella C, Candia Carnevali MD. Constructional design of echinoid endoskeleton: main structural components and their potential for biomimetic applications. Bioinspir Biomim 2020; 16:011001. [PMID: 32927446 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/abb86b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The endoskeleton of echinoderms (Deuterostomia: Echinodermata) is of mesodermal origin and consists of cells, organic components, as well as an inorganic mineral matrix. The echinoderm skeleton forms a complex lattice-system, which represents a model structure for naturally inspired engineering in terms of construction, mechanical behaviour and functional design. The sea urchin (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) endoskeleton consists of three main structural components: test, dental apparatus and accessory appendages. Although, all parts of the echinoid skeleton consist of the same basic material, their microstructure displays a great potential in meeting several mechanical needs according to a direct and clear structure-function relationship. This versatility has allowed the echinoid skeleton to adapt to different activities such as structural support, defence, feeding, burrowing and cleaning. Although, constrained by energy and resource efficiency, many of the structures found in the echinoid skeleton are optimized in terms of functional performances. Therefore, these structures can be used as role models for bio-inspired solutions in various industrial sectors such as building constructions, robotics, biomedical and material engineering. The present review provides an overview of previous mechanical and biomimetic research on the echinoid endoskeleton, describing the current state of knowledge and providing a reference for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Perricone
- Dept. of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Aversa, Italy
| | - Tobias B Grun
- Dept. of Invertebrate Paleontology, University of Florida, Florida Museum, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Francesco Marmo
- Dept. of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carla Langella
- Dept. of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Aversa, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaynak M, Dirix P, Sakar MS. Addressable Acoustic Actuation of 3D Printed Soft Robotic Microsystems. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:2001120. [PMID: 33101852 PMCID: PMC7578873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A design, manufacturing, and control methodology is presented for the transduction of ultrasound into frequency-selective actuation of multibody hydrogel mechanical systems. The modular design of compliant mechanisms is compatible with direct laser writing and the multiple degrees of freedom actuation scheme does not require incorporation of any specific material such as air bubbles. These features pave the way for the development of active scaffolds and soft robotic microsystems from biomaterials with tailored performance and functionality. Finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics are used to quantitatively predict the performance of acoustically powered hydrogels immersed in fluid and guide the design process. The outcome is the remotely controlled operation of a repertoire of untethered biomanipulation tools including monolithic compound micromachinery with multiple pumps connected to various functional devices. The potential of the presented technology for minimally invasive diagnosis and targeted therapy is demonstrated by a soft microrobot that can on-demand collect, encapsulate, and process microscopic samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kaynak
- Institute of Mechanical EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Pietro Dirix
- Institute of Mechanical EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Mahmut Selman Sakar
- Institute of Mechanical EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fallegger F, Schiavone G, Lacour SP. Conformable Hybrid Systems for Implantable Bioelectronic Interfaces. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1903904. [PMID: 31608508 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Conformable bioelectronic systems are promising tools that may aid the understanding of diseases, alleviate pathological symptoms such as chronic pain, heart arrhythmia, and dysfunctions, and assist in reversing conditions such as deafness, blindness, and paralysis. Combining reduced invasiveness with advanced electronic functions, hybrid bioelectronic systems have evolved tremendously in the last decade, pushed by progress in materials science, micro- and nanofabrication, system assembly and packaging, and biomedical engineering. Hybrid integration refers here to a technological approach to embed within mechanically compliant carrier substrates electronic components and circuits prepared with traditional electronic materials. This combination leverages mechanical and electronic performance of polymer substrates and device materials, respectively, and offers many opportunities for man-made systems to communicate with the body with unmet precision. However, trade-offs between materials selection, manufacturing processes, resolution, electrical function, mechanical integrity, biointegration, and reliability should be considered. Herein, prominent trends in manufacturing conformable hybrid systems are analyzed and key design, function, and validation principles are outlined together with the remaining challenges to produce reliable conformable, hybrid bioelectronic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fallegger
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Schiavone
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xue Z, Song H, Rogers JA, Zhang Y, Huang Y. Mechanically-Guided Structural Designs in Stretchable Inorganic Electronics. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1902254. [PMID: 31348578 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the area of stretchable inorganic electronics has evolved very rapidly, in part because the results have opened up a series of unprecedented applications with broad interest and potential for impact, especially in bio-integrated systems. Low modulus mechanics and the ability to accommodate extreme mechanical deformations, especially high levels of stretching, represent key defining characteristics. Most existing studies exploit structural material designs to achieve these properties, through the integration of hard inorganic electronic components configured into strategic 2D/3D geometries onto patterned soft substrates. The diverse structural geometries developed for stretchable inorganic electronics are summarized, covering the designs of functional devices and soft substrates, with a focus on fundamental principles, design approaches, and system demonstrations. Strategies that allow spatial integration of 3D stretchable device layouts are also highlighted. Finally, perspectives on the remaining challenges and open opportunities are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Xue
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Honglie Song
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - John A Rogers
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zuo S, Li J, Dong M, Zhou X, Fan W, Kong Y. Design and Performance Evaluation of a Novel Wearable Parallel Mechanism for Ankle Rehabilitation. Front Neurorobot 2020; 14:9. [PMID: 32132917 PMCID: PMC7040367 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2020.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive and intensive physiotherapy is indispensable to patients with ankle disabilities. Increasingly robot-assisted technology has been employed in the treatment to reduce the burden of the therapists and the related costs of the patients. This paper proposes a configuration of a wearable parallel mechanism to supplement the equipment selection for ankle rehabilitation. The kinematic analysis, i.e., the inverse position solution and Jacobian matrices, is elaborated. Several performance indices, including the reachable workspace index, motion isotropy index, force transfer index, and maximum torque index, are developed based on the derived kinematic solution. Moreover, according to the proposed kinematic configuration and wearable design concept, the mechanical structure that contains a basic machine-drive system and a multi-model position/force data collection system is designed in detail. Finally, the results of the performance evaluation indicate that the wearable parallel robot possesses sufficient motion isotropy, high force transfer performance, and large maximum torque performance within a large workspace that can cover all possible range of motion of human ankle complex, and is suitable for ankle rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Zuo
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjie Dong
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Wenpei Fan
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Kong
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Katabira K, Kurita H, Yoshida Y, Narita F. Fabrication and Charac terization of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics Containing Magnetostrictive Fe-Co Fibers with Damage Self-Detection Capability. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E4984. [PMID: 31731754 DOI: 10.3390/s19224984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is an excellent choice in the areas where weight reduction is important and multi-functionalization of CFRP, especially by adding sensor capabilities, is a promising approach to realize lightweight battery-free devices in structural health monitoring (SHM). In this study, we fabricated hybrid CFRP with Fe-Co fibers and evaluated the inverse magnetostrictive response characteristics. It was shown that the measured magnetic flux density of the CFRP fluctuates in response to cyclic bending load. It was also revealed that our Fe-Co fiber inserted CFRP has damage self-sensing ability. In addition, it seems that the optimization of design and more experimental and numerical investigation improves the capability of the hybrid CFRP with Fe-Co fiber as sensor composite materials.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
In developing countries, the access of amputees to prosthetic devices is very limited. In a way to increase accessibility of prosthetic hands, we have recently developed a new approach for the design and 3D printing of non-assembly active hand prostheses using inexpensive 3D printers working on the basis of material extrusion technology. This article describes the design of our novel 3D-printed hand prosthesis and also shows the mechanical and functional evaluation in view of its future use in developing countries. We have fabricated a hand prosthesis using 3D printing technology and a non-assembly design approach that reaches certain level of functionality. The mechanical resistance of critical parts, the mechanical performance, and the functionality of a non-assembly 3D-printed hand prosthesis were assessed. The mechanical configuration used in the hand prosthesis is able to withstand typical actuation forces delivered by prosthetic users. Moreover, the activation forces and the energy required for a closing cycle are considerably lower as compared to other body-powered prostheses. The non-assembly design achieved a comparable level of functionality with respect to other body-powered alternatives. We consider this prosthetic hand a valuable option for people with arm defects in developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastian Cuellar
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Smit
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Breedveld
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Abbas Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Plettenburg
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Intensive and adaptive rehabilitation therapy is beneficial for post-stroke recovery. Three modes of rehabilitation are generally performed at different stages after stroke: external force-based control in the acute stage, assistive force-based rehabilitation in the midway of recovery and resistive force-based rehabilitation in the last stage. To achieve the above requirements, an innovative elbow exoskeleton has been developed to incorporate the three modes of rehabilitation in a single structure. The structure of the exoskeleton has been designed in such a way that the whole working region is divided into three where each region can provide a different mode of rehabilitation. Recovery rate can be varied for individuals since it depends on various parameters. To evaluate the rate of recovery, three joint parameters have been identified: range of angular movement, angular velocity and joint torque. These parameters are incorporated into the framework of planning a novel rehabilitation strategy, which is discussed in this article along with the structural description of the designed exoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya K Manna
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventional surgical drills are rigid straight instruments used to make holes in bones. They lack the ability to follow a curved pathway, making them impractical for several surgical procedures. For this reason, there is a continuous need for improved devices for surgical drilling of curved holes. AREAS COVERED This review provides a comprehensive overview and classification of the patent literature of surgical drills able to produce a curved hole. The goal is to identify the fundamental mechanical designs of the drills. The medical section of the Web of Science Derwent Innovation Index was scanned combining keywords for both steering and drilling. Overall, 41 unique patents were reviewed and categorized. EXPERT OPINION Drills were subdivided in four groups based on the capability of either drilling a single curved path or a multi-curved path and on their ability to adjust the path after insertion of the drill into the bone. We found patents describing instrument designs for all these four groups. The insight in the drilling capabilities and in the mechanical designs described in the patents may serve as a source of inspiration for the design of novel surgical drills and the development of new surgical procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sendrowicz
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Marta Scali
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Costanza Culmone
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Paul Breedveld
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
In developing countries, prosthetic workshops are limited, difficult to reach, or
even non-existent. Especially, fabrication of active, multi-articulated, and
personalized hand prosthetic devices is often seen as a time-consuming and
demanding process. An active prosthetic hand made through the fused deposition
modelling technology and fully assembled right after the end of the 3D printing
process will increase accessibility of prosthetic devices by reducing or
bypassing the current manufacturing and post-processing steps. In this study, an
approach for producing active hand prosthesis that could be fabricated fully
assembled by fused deposition modelling technology is developed. By presenting a
successful case of non-assembly 3D printing, this article defines a list of
design considerations that should be followed in order to achieve fully
functional non-assembly devices. Ten design considerations for additive
manufacturing of non-assembly mechanisms have been proposed and a design case
has been successfully addressed resulting in a fully functional prosthetic hand.
The hand prosthesis can be 3D printed with an inexpensive fused deposition
modelling machine and is capable of performing different types of grasping. The
activation force required to start a pinch grasp, the energy required for
closing, and the overall mass are significantly lower than body-powered
commercial prosthetic hands. The results suggest that this non-assembly design
may be a good alternative for amputees in developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastian Cuellar
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Smit
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Breedveld
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Scali M, Pusch TP, Breedveld P, Dodou D. Needle-like instruments for steering through solid organs: A review of the scientific and patent literature. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2017; 231:250-265. [PMID: 28056627 DOI: 10.1177/0954411916672149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High accuracy and precision in reaching target locations inside the human body is necessary for the success of percutaneous procedures, such as tissue sample removal (biopsy), brachytherapy, and localized drug delivery. Flexible steerable needles may allow the surgeon to reach targets deep inside solid organs while avoiding sensitive structures (e.g. blood vessels). This article provides a systematic classification of possible mechanical solutions for three-dimensional steering through solid organs. A scientific and patent literature search of steerable instrument designs was conducted using Scopus and Web of Science Derwent Innovations Index patent database, respectively. First, we distinguished between mechanisms in which deflection is induced by the pre-defined shape of the instrument versus mechanisms in which an actuator changes the deflection angle of the instrument on demand. Second, we distinguished between mechanisms deflecting in one versus two planes. The combination of deflection method and number of deflection planes led to eight logically derived mechanical solutions for three-dimensional steering, of which one was dismissed because it was considered meaningless. Next, we classified the instrument designs retrieved from the scientific and patent literature into the identified solutions. We found papers and patents describing instrument designs for six of the seven solutions. We did not find papers or patents describing instruments that steer in one-plane on-demand via an actuator and in a perpendicular plane with a pre-defined deflection angle via a bevel tip or a pre-curved configuration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Scali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tim P Pusch
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Breedveld
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Dodou
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Onoda Y, Schieving F, Anten NPR. A novel method of measuring leaf epidermis and mesophyll stiffness shows the ubiquitous nature of the sandwich structure of leaf laminas in broad-leaved angiosperm species. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:2487-99. [PMID: 25675956 PMCID: PMC4986859 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves commonly exhibit a thin, flat structure that facilitates a high light interception per unit mass, but may increase risks of mechanical failure when subjected to gravity, wind and herbivory as well as other stresses. Leaf laminas are composed of thin epidermis layers and thicker intervening mesophyll layers, which resemble a composite material, i.e. sandwich structure, used in engineering constructions (e.g. airplane wings) where high bending stiffness with minimum weight is important. Yet, to what extent leaf laminas are mechanically designed and behave as a sandwich structure remains unclear. To resolve this issue, we developed and applied a novel method to estimate stiffness of epidermis- and mesophyll layers without separating the layers. Across a phylogenetically diverse range of 36 angiosperm species, the estimated Young's moduli (a measure of stiffness) of mesophyll layers were much lower than those of the epidermis layers, indicating that leaf laminas behaved similarly to efficient sandwich structures. The stiffness of epidermis layers was higher in evergreen species than in deciduous species, and strongly associated with cuticle thickness. The ubiquitous nature of sandwich structures in leaves across studied species suggests that the sandwich structure has evolutionary advantages as it enables leaves to be simultaneously thin and flat, efficiently capturing light and maintaining mechanical stability under various stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Onoda
- Section of Plant Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 800.84, 3508TB Utrecht, The Netherlands Department of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Feike Schieving
- Section of Plant Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 800.84, 3508TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels P R Anten
- Section of Plant Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 800.84, 3508TB Utrecht, The Netherlands Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hanumara NC, Begg ND, Walsh C, Custer D, Gupta R, Osborn LR, Slocum AH. Classroom to Clinic: Merging Education and Research to Efficiently Prototype Medical Devices. IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med 2013; 1:4700107. [PMID: 27170859 PMCID: PMC4847477 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2013.2271897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Innovation in patient care requires both clinical and technical skills, and this paper presents the methods and outcomes of a nine-year, clinical-academic collaboration to develop and evaluate new medical device technologies, while teaching mechanical engineering. Together, over the course of a single semester, seniors, graduate students, and clinicians conceive, design, build, and test proof-of-concept prototypes. Projects initiated in the course have generated intellectual property and peer-reviewed publications, stimulated further research, furthered student and clinician careers, and resulted in technology licenses and start-up ventures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nevan C Hanumara
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Nikolai D Begg
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Conor Walsh
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - David Custer
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Rajiv Gupta
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Radiology Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lynn R Osborn
- CIMIT Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02116 USA
| | - Alexander H Slocum
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| |
Collapse
|