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Huang P, Acevedo SF, Cheng T, Mehta RC, Makino ET. A randomized, controlled, split-face, double-blind comparison of a multimodality pigment-correcting serum containing lotus sprout extract versus hydroquinone for moderate to severe facial hyperpigmentation, including melasma, in a diverse population. JAAD Int 2024; 15:206-219. [PMID: 38707930 PMCID: PMC11066686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperpigmentation results in uneven skin tone, with darker skin types disproportionately affected. Objective Assess efficacy and safety of a novel, hydroquinone (HQ)-free, multimodal pigment-correcting serum (Advanced Brightening Treatment [ABT]) versus 4% HQ in moderate to severe hyperpigmentation, including melasma. Methods In this split-face study, ABT and 4% HQ were applied topically on randomly assigned facial sides twice daily for 12 weeks. Hyperpigmentation, skin tone evenness, modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI), Melasma Quality of Life Questionnaire (MelasQoL), self-assessment questionnaires, and tolerability were assessed. Results Subjects (n = 113; melasma subgroup, n = 44) were Asian (22%), Black/African American (27%), Hispanic (22%), and White/Caucasian (28%). ABT achieved comparable results to 4% HQ. ABT was well tolerated and resulted in improvement versus baseline at all visits in mean overall hyperpigmentation (-11.7% at week 12; P ≤ .001), skin tone evenness (-8.8%, P ≤ .005), and, in the melasma subgroup, mMASI (-50.6%; P ≤ .011) and MelasQoL scores (33.0 vs 46.6 for week 12 vs baseline, respectively; P ≤ .011), with similar results across racial subgroups. ABT was preferred over 4% HQ, with high satisfaction rate (≥89%). Limitations Quality of life improvements per treatment were not evaluated separately. Conclusion Efficacy and safety of ABT is comparable to 4% HQ in individuals with facial hyperpigmentation, including melasma, across multiple racial/ethnic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tsing Cheng
- Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, Irvine, California
| | - Rahul C. Mehta
- Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, Irvine, California
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Wylęgała A, Pająk J, Wylęgała E. Bilateral Corneal and Conjunctival Melanosis. Am J Ophthalmol 2024:S0002-9394(24)00206-X. [PMID: 38763498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wylęgała
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia.
| | - Jacek Pająk
- Department of Pathomorphology and Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia
| | - Edward Wylęgała
- Ophthalmology Department, Railway Hospital, Katowice, Poland; II School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze Medical University of Silesia, Katowice
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Tran PTC, Thellman CJ, Woolf K, Hamid A, Rice-Stitt TL. Rare melanosis in the urinary bladder and prostate: a case report. J Surg Case Rep 2024; 2024:rjae269. [PMID: 38706479 PMCID: PMC11066798 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjae269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanosis, the aberrant deposition of melanin pigment in the absence of melanocytes, is very rare in the genitourinary tract. We report a case of a 74-year-old male with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Diagnostic cystourethroscopy demonstrated bladder mucosa remarkable for numerous flat, velvety, and brown-black lesions. The patient underwent cystolitholapaxy, transurethral resection of the prostate, and bladder biopsy. Microscopic examination of the bladder biopsy demonstrated urothelium with granular, black pigmentation within the mucosa and histiocytes in the lamina propria; a Fontana Masson stain was positive for melanin. Microscopic examination of the transurethral resection of the prostate demonstrated nodular hyperplasia with focal, black pigmentation of the stroma. The rarity of bladder and prostate melanosis highlights the need for further investigation to elucidate its clinical significance and provide assurance of its benignity. Despite its rarity, melanosis should be kept in the differential diagnosis when melanotic lesions are encountered during cystoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre T C Tran
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E 2nd Street, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Connor J Thellman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Kirsten Woolf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3710 Southwest US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Anam Hamid
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Travis L Rice-Stitt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States
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Eaton JS, Potnis SS, Cavanaugh A, Davis CA, Teixeira LBC, Shaw GC. Clinicopathologic profiles of canine ocular melanosis: A comparative study between cairn terriers and non-cairn terriers. Vet Ophthalmol 2024; 27:266-276. [PMID: 38270513 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify canine breeds at risk for ocular melanosis and to compare the clinical and histologic features between affected Cairn Terriers (CTs) and non-Cairn Terriers (NCTs). DESIGN Relative risk (RR) analysis and retrospective cohort study of dogs histologically diagnosed with ocular melanosis. PROCEDURES The COPLOW archive was searched for globe submissions diagnosed with ocular melanosis. Six hundred fifty globes were included, and RR analysis was performed to identify at-risk NCT breeds. A cohort of 360 CT and NCT globes diagnosed from 2013 to 2023 were included in the retrospective cohort study. Clinical data were collected from submission forms, medical records, and follow-up surveys. One hundred fifty-seven submissions underwent masked histologic review. Immunohistochemical staining for CD204 was performed to determine the predominance of melanophages in affected uvea from five NCTs. RESULTS At-risk NCT breeds included the Boxer, Labrador Retriever, and French Bulldog. Glaucoma was the reported reason for enucleation in 79.4% of submissions. At enucleation, clinical features less prevalent in NCTs than CTs included pigmentary abnormalities in the contralateral eye (33.7% vs. 63.1%, p = .0008) and abnormal episcleral/scleral pigmentation in the enucleated globe (25.4% vs. 53.6%, p = .0008). Histologic involvement of the episclera was also less frequent in NCTs than in CTs (39.7% vs. 76.9%, p = .008). Concurrent melanocytic neoplasms arising in melanosis were more common in NCTs (24.4%) than CTs (3.9%). Melanophages were not predominant in any samples evaluated immunohistochemically. CONCLUSIONS Several popular NCT breeds carry risk for ocular melanosis, and some clinicopathologic disease features may differ from those described in CTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seth Eaton
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sanskruti S Potnis
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alexis Cavanaugh
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cody A Davis
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Leandro B C Teixeira
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gillian C Shaw
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Dhami RK, Handfield C, Johnson EF, Tollefson MM. Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation in a pediatric patient and a review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 2024; 41:504-507. [PMID: 38156740 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation (IEMP) is a rare, benign, self-resolving melanosis consisting of hyperpigmented macules typically on the face, trunk, and extremities that can occur in children and adolescents and often presents a diagnostic conundrum. We report a case involving an 8-year-old female whose previous clinical presentation was concerning for an atypical presentation of cutaneous mastocytosis or neurofibromatosis. The clinical and histopathologic evaluation was consistent with the diagnosis of IEMP, and no active intervention was pursued. Our accompanying literature review serves to better characterize this condition, highlight key diagnostic features, and emphasize the tendency for spontaneous resolution to avoid unnecessary treatments with limited clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramneek K Dhami
- Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | | | - Emma F Johnson
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Megha M Tollefson
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Cao Q, Goldenberg M, Aron M, Wang T. Urinary Bladder " Melanosis": A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:104-108. [PMID: 37016968 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231166301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Melanosis of the urinary bladder, so-called melanosis vesicae, is a rare condition characterized by dark, velvety bladder mucosa observed by cystoscopy examination. Up to 20 examples have been reported in the English literature, and the etiology of this disease still needs to be discovered. We present an 82-year-old woman with a history of pelvic organ prolapse-associated urinary symptoms. The patient was found to have pigmented urinary bladder mucosa on cystoscopy and underwent a total hysterectomy and bladder mucosal biopsy. Histologically, pigmented granules were evident in the bladder stroma and epithelium, highlighted by Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stain, suggestive of lipofuscin in nature. We outline the diagnostic features of bladder melanosis, discuss the diagnostic mimickers, and thoroughly review the literature on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell Goldenberg
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manju Aron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiannan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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de Andrade ACDV, Coqueiro RDS, Pithon MM, Leite MF. Peeling with retinoic acid in microemulsion for treatment of melasma: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:479-485. [PMID: 37782679 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy of peeling with a microemulsion formulation containing 1% retinoic acid. MATERIALS AND METHODS After development of the product, 60 patients with melasma were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20): Group 1-application of conventional 1% retinoic acid peeling (RA 1%). Group 2-application of 1% retinoic acid peeling in microemulsion (RA 1%M). Group 3-Application of placebo. The groups were submitted to four peeling sessions, fortnightly on Days 0, 15, 30, and 45, and analyzed at the time intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. Evaluation was made by using the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) and Melasma Quality of Life (MelasquoL) instrument. Hemato-biochemical parameters were also evaluated at Days 0 and 60. After obtaining the results, normality was evaluated by means of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and afterwards, the following tests were applied: Friedman statistical (to test the effect of the treatments on the MASI index); Wilcoxon, (for comparison between pairs to test the effect of treatments on the MelasQoL index); Kruskal-Wallis, (to test the differences between the groups); and Mann-Whitney, (comparisons between treatments). The level of significance adopted was 5% (α = 0.05). RESULTS The three groups presented a significant reduction in the MASI index, indicating the effect of all the treatments on reducing the melasma (p < 0.001). A significant reduction in the stains was observed with the use of retinoic acid peeling delivered in microemulsion (62%) when compared with the conventional peeling with 1% retinoic acid in a conventional vehicle (26%) and the placebo (12%). There was also a significant reduction in the MelasQoL index (sum of all the aspects) in the three groups, indicating the effect of all the treatments, including the placebo, on the overall quality of life of those with melasma. However, RA 1%M the treatment that promoted the greatest effect on the quality of life of individuals. In percentage terms, the RA 1%M provided a mean reduction of 30% in the MelasQoL index, against 13% of the conventional treatment and only 4% of the placebo. When the hemato-biochemical parameters were compared on Days 0 and 60, there were no significant changes in the results. CONCLUSION The chemical peeling performed with RA 1%M was effective for the treatment of melasma, and was shown to be superior to the peeling performed with retinoic acid in a conventional vehicle, in reducing the stains and improving the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Dias Viana de Andrade
- Southwest Bahia State University - UESB, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
- Biosciences, Federal University of Bahia-UFBA, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Raildo da Silva Coqueiro
- Center for Studies in Aging Epidemiology, Southwest Bahia State University, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Matheus Melo Pithon
- Southwest Bahia State University - UESB, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Fuchs AA, Giuliano EA, English R, Nadelstein B. Diode laser ablation of progressive pigmented iris lesions in 317 cats (356 eyes) appears overall safe and effective in decreasing progression of iris pigmentation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:117-124. [PMID: 37758183 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.07.0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a novel scoring system of feline pigmented iris lesions prior to utilization of diode laser ablation of progressive pigmented iris lesions and to retrospectively evaluate short- and long-term patient outcomes following transcorneal diode laser ablation. ANIMALS 317 client-owned cats (356 eyes) were included. CLINICAL PRESENTATION Records of cats undergoing diode laser ablation from January 2000 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. A novel clinical grading system to describe severity of feline iris hyperpigmentation was developed. Recorded parameters included signalment, operated-upon eye, presurgical iris pigmentation score, intraocular pressure, visual status, postoperative complications, repeat laser surgery, patient status at last follow-up, time to death, and presumptive or known cause of death. RESULTS Complications included corneal ulceration (25/356 [7%]), glaucoma (18/356 [5%]), uveitis (4/356 [1.1%]), and corneal edema (3/356 [0.8%]). Enucleation was performed in 12 eyes due to blindness and secondary glaucoma. Repeat laser due to continued progression of pigment was performed in 18.5% of eyes. Two study patients were euthanized due to presumptive metastatic disease. Of the 250 cats for whom confirmation was available via phone call or medical records, 240 (96%) were alive at 1 year. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Diode laser ablation appears safe overall and may be effective in decreasing progression of feline iris pigmentation. Complication risks appear minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth A Giuliano
- 2Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Burroni AG, Capurro N, Rongioletti F, Cozzani E, Pronzato P, Herzum A, Guadagno A, Molle MF, Oddenino GA, Parodi A. Diffuse Melanosis Cutis as the First Sign of Recurrence of Low-Risk Melanoma: Case Report and Systematic Review. Dermatol Pract Concept 2024; 14:dpc.1401a8. [PMID: 38364426 PMCID: PMC10868795 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1401a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diffuse Melanosis Cutis (DMC) is a rare and late complication of metastatic malignant melanoma (MM) characterized by progressive pigmentation of skin and sometimes mucous membranes. The distinctive feature is the widespread and progressive deposition of melanin precursors in the dermis. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review is to define the clinical and demographic features of DMC and to promote a deeper insight into the clinical manifestation, histological findings, and pathophysiology behind DMC. METHODS We have conducted a systematic review of the literature on published DMC in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. We also reported a case of DMC secondary to low-risk melanoma. RESULTS Overall, including our case report, we reported 53 articles described 62 DMC patients. Breslow level of primary melanoma was reported having a mean value of 3.3 mm. The mean survival rate from onset of DMC resulted being 4.36 months. CONCLUSIONS Among the most widely accepted etiopathogenetic hypotheses are deposition of melanic precursors in the dermis following tumor lysis, melanocyte proliferation induced by neoplastic growth factors, and the presence of diffuse dermal micro-metastases of MM. However, unanimous consensus on the proposed etiopathogenetic models of DMC is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Graziella Burroni
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health and Science (DissaL), Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, IRCCS, Università di Genova, Italy
| | - Niccolò Capurro
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health and Science (DissaL), Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, IRCCS, Università di Genova, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Cozzani
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health and Science (DissaL), Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, IRCCS, Università di Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pronzato
- Medical Oncology 2 Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Astrid Herzum
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health and Science (DissaL), Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, IRCCS, Università di Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Guadagno
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Mattia Fabio Molle
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health and Science (DissaL), Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, IRCCS, Università di Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Alberto Oddenino
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health and Science (DissaL), Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, IRCCS, Università di Genova, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health and Science (DissaL), Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, IRCCS, Università di Genova, Italy
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Ding Y, Xu Z, Xiang LF, Zhang C. Unveiling the mystery of Riehl's melanosis: An update from pathogenesis, diagnosis to treatment. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023; 36:455-467. [PMID: 37401632 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Riehl's melanosis is a hyperpigmentation disorder that has a significant psychological and social impact on individuals. In the past 10 years, new categories have been developed, raising questions about how to classify Riehl's melanosis. The mechanism of this disease remains unclear, although the type IV hypersensitivity response caused by allergic sensitization, as well as genetic, ultraviolet radiation, and autoimmune factors, is to blame. Clinical manifestation, dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, patch/photopatch testing, histopathology, and a novel multimodality skin imaging system have been used for the diagnosis. A variety of therapies including topical skin-lightening agents, oral tranexamic acid, glycyrrhizin compound, chemical peels, and lasers and light therapies (intense pulsed light, 1064-nm Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser, 755-nm PicoWay laser, nonablative 1927-nm fractional thulium fiber laser, new pulsed-type microneedling radiofrequency), with improved effectiveness. The latest findings on possible biomarkers and their relationship to other autoimmune diseases were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuecen Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongyi Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leihong Flora Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengfeng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Novianti Nazli PA, Yosi A, Nasution K. Relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels with the severity of melasma. Med Glas (Zenica) 2023; 20:202-206. [PMID: 37585305 DOI: 10.17392/1581-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Aim To determine the relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and the severity of melasma. Methods This cross-sectional analytic study included consecutive patients from the Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic at Prof. dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara (Prof. dr. CPL USU) Hospital Medan from May to December 2022. Serum BDNF levels and the severity of melasma were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Of the total of 30 patients enrolled in the study, the majority were in the age group of 36-45 (average of 44) years and work as housewives. The highest risk factor was sun exposure. The melasma pattern was dominated by centrofacial patterns, majority of melasma types were epidermal, and the most severe degree was moderate. A moderate negative correlation between BDNF levels and the duration of melasma was found (p=0.007; r= -0.485). There was no significant relationship between BDNF levels and the severity of melasma (p=0.387). Conclusion No significant relationship between BDNF levels and the severity of melasma indicates that the causes of melasma are multifactorial, such as sun exposure, genetic, hormonal, and other factors (drugs, neural and psychological, and lipid metabolism).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariyati Yosi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Khairina Nasution
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
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Christy MC, Honavar SG, Mulay K, Talloju SS. Pigmented lesions of the conjunctiva: The sheep and the wolf. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:2927. [PMID: 37417160 PMCID: PMC10491080 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1367_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pigmented lesions in the conjunctiva can be baffling to both the patients and the treating ophthalmologist because of their varied range of presentation and overlapping clinical features. The lesions range from incidental pigment deposition such as mascara and complexion-associated melanosis to malignant melanoma which poses a risk to life. Similarly, the management ranges from observation at regular intervals to aggressive surgery like exenteration. Purpose We wanted to present a crisp and precise video of the good, bad, and ugly pigmented lesions of the conjunctiva, highlighting their specific clinical features important for the diagnosis and their management. Synopsis This video describes the myriad of pigmented conjunctival lesions, their diagnostic characteristics, and management based on oncological principles. Link https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BYJ51rQtqjwM6e73BwrrLqdC1EoXA8Eu/view?usp=sharing. Highlights : Pigmented lesions can have variable presentation and close mimics, therefore, it is important to differentiate and identify the lesions accurately. This video highlights different pigmented lesions and their individual characteristic features. Video link https://youtu.be/m9tt7dx9SWc.
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Katsumata R, Manabe N, Monobe Y, Ayaki M, Suehiro M, Fujita M, Kamada T, Kawamoto H, Haruma K. Development, Disappearance, and Clinical Course of Melanosis Coli: Sex Differences in the Progression of Severity. Acta Med Okayama 2023; 77:57-64. [PMID: 36849146 DOI: 10.18926/amo/64362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Melanosis coli (MC) is an acquired colorectal disorder visualized as colonic mucosa pigmentation. Disease severity is confirmed based on MC depth, shape, and coloration, although the clinical course is not fully understood. This study sought to clarify characteristics of MC development and disappearance and to investigate its clinical course and severity. Contributors to MC grade progression were explored. This study reviewed MC cases discovered via colonoscopy at a single institution over a 10-year period. Of all 216 MC cases, 17 developing and 10 disappearing cases were detected. Anthranoid laxative use was a key factor: 29.4% of the developing cases had used such agents before the initial MC diagnosis, whereas 40% of disappearing cases had discontinued anthranoids prior to detection of MC disappearance. Among 70 grade I cases, progression to grade II occurred in 16 cases during a mean follow-up of 3.67±2.1 years (rate of progression=22.8%). Males more commonly showed progressive than stable grade I cases, and the probability of progression was higher for male than for female cases. An association between anthranoid administration and MC presence was presumed, and grade I MC was found to progress in severity over 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Katsumata
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center
| | - Noriaki Manabe
- Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center
| | | | - Maki Ayaki
- Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center
| | - Mitsuhiko Suehiro
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center
| | - Minoru Fujita
- Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center
| | - Tomoari Kamada
- Health Care Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center
| | - Hirofumi Kawamoto
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center
| | - Ken Haruma
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center
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Wang JY, Xie XY, Deng Y, Yang HQ, Du XS, Liu P, Du Y. Licorice zinc suppresses melanogenesis via inhibiting the activation of P38MAPK and JNK signaling pathway in C57BL/6J mice skin. Acta Cir Bras 2022; 37:e371002. [PMID: 36542040 PMCID: PMC9762428 DOI: 10.1590/acb371002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The active melanocytes in the skin were affected by hormones and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Licorice zinc has a whitening effect, which may have a prominent potential in the treatment of pigmented skin disease. METHODS Modeling chloasma C57BL/6J mice by daily progesterone injection (15 mg/kg) and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation (λ = 312 nm, 2 h/day) for 30 days. Then, mice were given 0.65, 1.3, and 2.6 (g/kg) of licorice zinc and tranexamic acid 250 mg daily by oral administration for 14 days, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin and Fontana-Masson staining, and Western blotting (WB) were performed to test the inhibitory of melanogenesis and activation of c-Jun-N-terminal (JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) for licorice zinc. Melanogenesis was induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in vitro. Cell counting kit-8, melanin content determination, and WB were performed to verify the inhibitory effect of licorice zinc on melanogenesis. RESULTS The present study showed that licorice zinc decreased melanin formation, cutaneous tissue injury, and the phosphorylation of JNK and P38MAPK, which was caused by UVB irradiation in vivo. In vitro, licorice zinc showed opposite effects from JNK/p38 activator. Meanwhile, tyrosinase-related protein-1, tyrosinase, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor were decreased too. CONCLUSIONS Licorice zinc induced a decrease in melanin synthesis by inhibiting the JNK and the P38MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting licorice zinc is a potential agent of anti-chloasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-yan Wang
- Master. Southwest Medical University – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-yu Xie
- Master. Southwest Medical University – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Deng
- Master. Southwest Medical University - Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital - Medical Cosmetic Center – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-qiu Yang
- Master. Southwest Medical University - Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital - Medical Cosmetic Center – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-shuang Du
- Master. Southwest Medical University - Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital - Medical Cosmetic Center – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Bachelor. Medical University - Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital - Medical Cosmetic Center – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Du
- Bachelor. Medical University - Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital - Medical Cosmetic Center – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China.,Corresponding author:
- (86 18) 283013023
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Makino ET, Jiang LI, Stephens TJ, Mikati M, Mehta RC. Pigmentation control in pregnancy-induced melasma: Clinical assessment of a non-hydroquinone, non-retinol pigment-correcting serum. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:5739-5746. [PMID: 35708506 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melasma is an acquired disorder that results in irregular brown patches on the skin that can occur due to hormonal changes. Although pregnancy-induced melasma is usually temporary, it can become a chronic condition, with significant negative impact on quality of life (QoL). AIMS Determine the efficacy and tolerability of a topical, non-hydroquinone, non-retinol pigment-correcting serum (LYT2) for the treatment of pregnancy-induced melasma. METHODS This 12-week, single-center clinical trial enrolled 34 non-pregnant women who developed mild to severe facial melasma following a previous pregnancy (mean age, 42 years). LYT2 was applied twice daily to facial skin for 12 weeks in addition to a basic skincare regimen. Outcomes included changes from baseline in skin physiology parameters, such as brightness (L*), using objective digital image analysis, investigator-rated Overall Hyperpigmentation scale, Global Improvement, and Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI), as well as subject-assessed Melasma Quality of Life Scale. Subjects also completed a questionnaire on self-perceived efficacy and attributes of the study product. Tolerability was assessed by the investigators (erythema, scaling, and edema) and subjects (burning/stinging and itching). Clinical assessments were conducted at baseline and Weeks 4, 8, and 12. RESULTS LYT2 provided statistically significant reductions in overall hyperpigmentation scores as early as Week 4 (-5.8% change from baseline) and continued through Week 12 (-14.6% change from baseline; all p < 0.001). Significant improvements in MASI scores and QoL were also achieved following LYT2 treatment, which was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS LYT2 represents a new efficacious alternative to hydroquinone-based treatments for pregnancy-induced melasma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mouna Mikati
- Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Rahul C Mehta
- Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, Irvine, California, USA
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Adyalkar N, Shetty N. Tobacco-induced melanosis on the dorsal surface of the tongue: a rare clinical image. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 43:49. [PMID: 36523282 PMCID: PMC9733454 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.49.37112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Adyalkar
- Department of Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, India,,Corresponding author: Nidhi Adyalkar, Department of Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, India.
| | - Neha Shetty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, India
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17
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Lai K, Zheng X, Wei S, Zhou H, Zeng X, Liang G, Zhang Z, Zhang W. Coexistence of Riehl's Melanosis, Lupus Erythematosus and Thyroiditis in a Patient. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:1809-1813. [PMID: 36105748 PMCID: PMC9467848 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s376614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Riehl’s melanosis (RM) is an acquired hyperpigmentation disorder, presenting diffused and reticulate brownish-gray pigmentation, preferentially on the face and neck. RM overlaps with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has never been reported. Case We report a case of RM patient accompanied with SLE and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis of primary hypothyroidism. Progressing, diffuse, symmetric, and reticular hyperpigmentation was seen on the face, neck, and upper limbs, manifesting as typical melanosis. Skin microscopy showed diffuse black-pepper-like changes and telangiectasias. The diagnosis of SLE and primary hypothyroidism were confirmed by follow-up investigations. The hyperpigmentation turned notably lighter after 14 months of treatment with prednisone, hydroxychloroquine, and L-thyroxine. Discussion The exact pathogenesis of RM is unclear and exposure to coal tar dyes, ultraviolet, and fragrance fixatives in cosmetics are believed to be contributing factors, while some cases involve no triggers. It is not impossible that RM is a rare skin manifestation of SLE that has never been reported. The skin hyperpigmentation in this patient was not triggered by thyroid disease. Conclusion RM could be a skin manifestation of autoimmunity. Coexistence of RM, lupus erythematosus and thyroiditis in the same patient is rare and has never been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyao Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifeng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedan Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixin Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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18
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González-Molina V, Martí-Pineda A, González N. Topical Treatments for Melasma and Their Mechanism of Action. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2022; 15:19-28. [PMID: 35642229 PMCID: PMC9122278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a review of topical agents currently used in melasma, discussing their mechanism of action, efficacy, safety, and tolerability, with an update on newer treatments. METHODS A systematic review from PubMed database was performed, using PRISMA guidelines. The search was limited to English and Spanish studies that were double or single blinded, prospective, controlled or randomized clinical trials, reviews of literature, and meta-analysis studies. RESULTS 348 studies were analyzed; 80 papers met inclusion criteria. Triple combination (TC) therapy and hydroquinone (HQ) are still the most well-studied agents with strong evidence-based recommendation. TC therapy remains the gold standard of care based on efficacy and patient tolerability. Evidence has shown ascorbic acid, azelaic acid, glycolic acid, kojic acid, salicylic acid, and niacinamide to be effective as adjuvant therapies with minimal side effects. Tranexamic acid (TA) and cysteamine have become recent agents of interest due to their good tolerability, however more trials and studies are warranted. Less evidence exists for other topical agents, such as linoleic acid, mulberry extract oil, rucinol, 2% undecylenoyl phenylalanine, and epidermal growth factors agents. LIMITATIONS Some studies discussed represented a low sample size, and there is an overall lack of recent studies with larger populations and long-term follow up. CONCLUSIONS TC therapy continues to be the gold standard of care. Topical cysteamine and TA are newer options that can be incorporated as adjuvant and maintenance treatments into a patient's regimen. Cysteamine and topical TA have no known severe adverse effects. Evidence comparing other topical adjuvant treatments to HQ, maintains HQ as the gold standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria González-Molina
- Dr. González-Molina is with St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital Transitional Year Program in Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Alicia Martí-Pineda
- Dr. Martí-Pineda is with the Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine in Bayamon, Puerto Rico
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Zhang Y, Tan C. Arborizing and stellate melanosis: Proposal and description of a novel entity. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:4084-4086. [PMID: 34967493 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YuTing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjng University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjng University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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20
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Ghassemi M, Roohaninasab M, Kamani SA, Sadeghzadeh-Bazargan A, Goodarzi A. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of intralesional injection of tranexamic acid and the topical application of Kligman combination drug in the treatment of macular amyloidosis. Dermatol Ther 2021; 35:e15213. [PMID: 34797597 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Macular amyloidosis (MA) is a common form of cutaneous amyloidosis that manifests as dark spots consisting of brown pigments with a rippled pattern on the skin, and the treatment of this condition is highly challenging. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intralesional injection of tranexamic acid (TXA) and topical application of Kligman combination drug in the treatment of macular amyloidosis. In this double-blind clinical trial, a total of 43 patients, who were diagnosed with MA, were treated with two different methods of intralesional injection of tranexamic acid and topical application of Kligman combination drug. Both therapeutic methods were effective in improving MA and significantly reduced hyperpigmentation of the treated areas, but tranexamic acid was significantly more effective than the Kligman combination drug. Significantly, greater improvements were observed in the group of patients treated with tranexamic acid. In the tranexamic acid treatment group, ΔE was reduced from 11.39 in the first session to 8.53 in the third session, and in the Kligman treatment group, it was reduced from 8.79 in the first session to 6.32 in the third session (p < 0.05). In addition, the pruritus score in patients treated with topical tranexamic acid injection was lower compared to the patients treated with the topical application of the Kligman combination drug. The results of this study demonstrated the significant positive effects of both treatment methods, but in terms of reducing melanin content, intralesional injection of tranexamic acid was a more effective method. Both treatments considered safe for MA. In tranexamic acid group, patients logically experienced a tolerable pain during injection but they significantly had significantly lower local pruritic discomfort during study. So, based on the positive findings of this study we suggest to use tranexamic acid in combination with other effective therapeutic methods for treatment of MA especially use of its topically applied form in combination with non-aggressive needling that results in better drug delivery without the experience of injection pain. Selection of the best administration route of tranexamic acid for hyperpigmented lesions depends on the each patient characteristic and their previous theraputic results that may vary case by case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Ghassemi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Roohaninasab
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolfazl Kamani
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh-Bazargan
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Goodarzi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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21
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Phan DTA, Ha HT, Ho TT. An Extract and Fractions from Coffea arabica Sediment on Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities, and on the Quality of Whiteleg Shrimp ( Litopenaus vannamei) during Refrigerated Storage. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:346-356. [PMID: 34737996 PMCID: PMC8531420 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.3.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffea arabica sediment, a popular agro-by-product from the coffee juice processing industry, contains many phytochemicals, and it is often discarded as waste. The antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of an ethanol extract and its active fractions obtained from Coffea arabica sediment was studied. Additionally, whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was treated with the extract and fractions, and the quality during refrigerated storage was evaluated. The most active fraction (P<0.05) fraction III from the Coffea arabica sediment extract showed a total phenolic content of 116.5 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, an inhibitory concentration of 50% value of 27.3 μg/mL in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl test, an absorbance of 3.7 (at 1.0 μg/mL) in the reducing power assay, and 79.5% inhibition for the tyrosinase inhibition test (at 100 μg/mL). Whiteleg shrimp treated with PD-3 and crude extract (CE) retarded the growth of bacteria and spoilage microor-ganisms in comparison to the control (P<0.05). Lower values in pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and total volatile base content were enumerated in samples treated with PD-3 and CE (P<0.05) compared to controls. Loss in freshness, protein content, and melanosis formation declined with CE and PD-3 treatments. Our findings showed that Coffea arabica sediment has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Also, it could be a promising treatment in melanosis prevention, and a natural additive for extending the shelf life of whiteleg shrimp during refrigerated storage; thus an alternative to traditional sulfites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Thi Anh Phan
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Hue Thi Ha
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Tinh Trung Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong 59000, Viet Nam
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22
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Abstract
We present a pair of cases detailing acquired hyperpigmented patches overlying the spinous processes of pediatric patients. These cases are consistent with a condition that has previously been documented in the adult population and is known by many names, including "Davener's dermatosis," "towel melanosis," and "lifa disease." We propose unifying these terms into a single standardized name, "frictional melanosis," when it is encountered in the pediatric setting. In presenting these findings, we hope that greater awareness and recognition of this benign condition in pediatric patients will decrease the need for biopsy and reduce family concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Holzer
- Department of Dermatology, The Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Karolyn Wanat
- Department of Dermatology, The Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Leah Lalor
- Department of Dermatology, The Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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23
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Šekoranja D, Hawlina G, Pižem J. PRAME expression in melanocytic lesions of the conjunctiva. Histopathology 2021; 79:989-996. [PMID: 34268800 DOI: 10.1111/his.14452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma) is a tumour-associated antigen that is preferentially strongly expressed in most cutaneous melanomas but not or only focally in nevi. Our aim was to evaluate PRAME expression in melanocytic lesions of the conjunctiva. METHODS AND RESULTS Surgical specimens of 114 conjunctival melanocytic nevi of different types (including 67 common, 25 combined deep penetrating and 21 inflamed juvenile nevi), 30 invasive melanomas, 10 in situ melanomas, 23 primary acquired melanoses (PAM) without atypia and 11 PAM with atypia were analysed for PRAME expression by immunohistochemistry. Nuclear positivity for PRAME in melanocytes was assessed as the percentage of positive nuclei: negative (0%), 1+ (1-25%), 2+ (26-50%), 3+ (51-75%) and 4+ (>75%). In 113 of 114 conjunctival melanocytic nevi, PRAME was either completely negative or focally 1+ positive. Diffuse 4+ PRAME expression was identified in 17 of 30 (57%) invasive melanomas, 7 of 10 (70%) in situ melanomas, 4 of 5 (80%) PAM with severe atypia, 0 of 3 PAM with moderate atypia, 0 od 3 PAM with mild atypia, 1 of 23 (4%) PAM without atypia and 0 of 114 nevi. Diffuse 4+ PRAME expression in invasive melanomas correlated with a higher mitotic count but was not related to age and gender of the patients, Breslow thickness, location or mutational status. CONCLUSION Diffuse 4+ PRAME positivity is highly specific for malignant conjunctival melanocytic lesions. PRAME is therefore a useful ancillary marker to support the diagnosis of a suspected conjunctival melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daja Šekoranja
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Hawlina
- Eye Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jože Pižem
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kuriyama
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
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25
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Burzi L, Alessandrini AM, Quaglino P, Piraccini BM, Dika E, Ribero S. Cutaneous Events Associated with Immunotherapy of Melanoma: A Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143047. [PMID: 34300213 PMCID: PMC8308045 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors significantly improves the outcome for stage III and IV melanoma. Cutaneous adverse events during treatment are often reported. We herein aim to review the principal pigmentation changes induced by immune check-point inhibitors: the appearance of vitiligo, the Sutton phenomenon, melanosis and hair and nail toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Burzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (P.Q.)
| | - Aurora Maria Alessandrini
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.A.); (B.M.P.); (E.D.)
- Dermatology, IRCCS Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (P.Q.)
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.A.); (B.M.P.); (E.D.)
- Dermatology, IRCCS Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emi Dika
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.A.); (B.M.P.); (E.D.)
- Dermatology, IRCCS Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (P.Q.)
- Correspondence:
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Salari B, Duncan LM, Lennerz JK, Holbrook EH, Emerick KS, Foreman RK. Observed progression from melanosis with melanocyte hyperplasia to sinonasal melanoma with distant metastasis and a unique genetic rearrangement. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:948-953. [PMID: 33694261 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melanosis, clinically presenting as a benign macular hyperpigmentation, consists of increased pigmentation (melanotic or melanocytic) either in the mucosal epithelial cells or as subepithelial pigment-laden macrophages. On the other hand, primary sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a rare disease with poor prognosis and high rates of local recurrence and metastasis. We report follow-up on a previously presented case of a 53-year-old man with recurrent clinical melanosis that progressed from histopathological melanocytic hyperplasia to melanoma in situ over a period of 4.8 years (Yao et al. Allergy Rhinol (Providence), 2016;7(3):164-167). The patient experienced multiple recurrences and local spread despite multiple extensive surgeries. We now report that this patient ultimately developed bilateral invasive SNMM and died with metastatic melanoma. Molecular analysis of the invasive melanoma revealed ALK rearrangement, specifically an EML4-ALK fusion, which represents the first report of this particular genetic variant in mucosal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Salari
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lyn M Duncan
- Pathology Service, Dermatopathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Pathology Service, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric H Holbrook
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin S Emerick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruth K Foreman
- Pathology Service, Dermatopathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Phan DTA, Bui TH, Doan TQT, Nguyen NV, Ly TH. Inhibition of Melanosis in Whiteleg Shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei) during Refrigerated Storage Using Extracts of Different Avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) By-Products. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:209-218. [PMID: 34316486 PMCID: PMC8276702 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanosis in shrimp usually leads to reduction in its shelf life and quality, which causes a significant loss in economic value of shrimp products. This study reports potential applications of nine ethanolic extracts of by-products, i.e., peel and/or seed from three Vietnamese avocado varieties as effective inhibitors of melanosis in whiteleg shrimp. Six out of nine shrimp samples treated with the prepared extracts (0.025%, w/v) reduced melanosis and lipid oxidation more significantly as compared to those treated with sodium metabisulfite (SMS, 1.25%, w/v) and control groups (treated with water) during 8-day storage at 4°C (P<0.05). These six extracts had mean gray values ranging from 47.0±0.7 to 57.3±0.4% were lower than those treated with SMS (mean gray of 39.8±0.4%). The inhibition of melanosis and lipid oxidation in shrimp for these extracts could be attributed to their high content of polyphenols [total phenolic content (TPC) from 44.5±1.1 to 144.7±1.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dried weight] and strong antioxidant activities [including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition]. Pearson statistical analysis showed strong correlation for melanosis inhibition to TPC and DPPH scavenging (r>0.80) followed by tyrosinase inhibition and FRAP (r>0.50). The findings obtained from this study suggest potential utilization of avocado by-product extracts as safe and cheap natural alternatives to traditional sulfites for anti-melanosis and shelf life extension of whiteleg shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Thi Anh Phan
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, HCMC University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Trung Huu Bui
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, HCMC University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Tram Quynh Thi Doan
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, HCMC University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Van Nguyen
- Research Center for Aquafeed Nutrition and Fishery Post-Harvest Technology (APOTEC), Ho Chi Minh 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Trieu Hai Ly
- Research Center of Ginseng and Medicinal Materials, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Viet Nam
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Venkatesh R, Reddy N, Cherry JP, Pereira A, Yadav NK, Chhablani J. Bilateral idiopathic choroidal hyperpigmentation. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:NP41-NP46. [PMID: 34015946 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211019573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a series of cases showing bilateral circumpapillary hyperpigmentation on routine fundus examination. METHODS In this observational case series, three patients showing bilateral circumpapillary hyperpigmentation on routine fundus examination were included. Multimodal retinal imaging was done for these cases. RESULTS Multimodal imaging of the lesion showed the hyper pigmentation to be confined to the choroid. The optical coherence tomography scans described the features through the hyperpigmented area, adjacent hypopigmented area and the normally pigmented area of the fundus as suggestive of choroidal hyper melanosis. Follow-up of these lesions over a period of 2-6 years showed no change in the vision or characteristics of the lesion. CONCLUSION Bilateral circumpapillary hyperpigmentation needs to be considered as a differential for bilateral peripapillary pigmented lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Venkatesh
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka
| | - NikithaGurram Reddy
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka
| | | | | | - Naresh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka
| | - Jay Chhablani
- Medical Retina and Vitreoretinal Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA, USA
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Walsh CM. Life by the Numbers: Living With Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Circ Genom Precis Med 2020; 14:e003243. [PMID: 33290092 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Meghana V, Gopinath H, Karthikeyan K, Venugopal V. Face and Neck Pigmentary Alterations in Hair Dye Users: A Cross-sectional Study from South India. Indian Dermatol Online J 2020; 11:760-765. [PMID: 33235842 PMCID: PMC7678533 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_313_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hair dyes are commonly used for the concealment of grey hair in India. The pigmentary alterations produced by hair dyes on the face and neck have not received sufficient attention. Aims: To study the pigmentary alterations on the face and neck in hair dye users, and identify possible risk factors associated with the face and neck hyperpigmentation. Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was done on consecutive hair dye users. A detailed history was taken, and a clinical examination was done to record the pigmentary alterations. The patterns, areas affected, the intensity of hyperpigmentation, percentage of the area involved and risk factors were noted. Results: One hundred and twenty patients were included in the study. Around 118 (98.3%) patients had hyperpigmentation over face and/or neck: 16 (13.3%) barely perceivable, 40 (33.3%) mild, 44 (36.7%) moderate, and 18 (15%) severe pigmentation. The lateral forehead (106, 88.3%), the helix of the ear (106, 88.3%), central forehead (97, 80.8%), and zygomatic area (92, 76.7%) were the most frequently affected areas in our study. Fourteen patients (11.7%) had depigmented macules on the scalp and/or lips. Conclusion: Pigmentary alterations, particularly hyperpigmentation over the upper face and ears are common with the use of hair dyes. The skin type may play a role in the intensity of hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeti Meghana
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry University, Madagadipet, Pondicherry, India
| | - Hima Gopinath
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry University, Madagadipet, Pondicherry, India
| | - Kaliaperumal Karthikeyan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry University, Madagadipet, Pondicherry, India
| | - Vinayagamoorthy Venugopal
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry University, Madagadipet, Pondicherry, India
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Miraglia D, Castrica M, Menchetti L, Esposto S, Branciari R, Ranucci D, Urbani S, Sordini B, Veneziani G, Servili M. Effect of an Olive Vegetation Water Phenolic Extract on the Physico-Chemical, Microbiological and Sensory Traits of Shrimp ( Parapenaeus longirostris) during the Shelf-Life. Foods 2020; 9:E1647. [PMID: 33187361 PMCID: PMC7696022 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of phenolic extract derived from olive vegetation water (PEOVW) in deep-water rose shrimps (Parapenaeus longirostris) at the day of packaging (D0) and after three (D3), six (D6) and eight (D8) days of refrigerated storage. Freshly caught shrimps were randomly divided into four groups: the phenolic extract (PE) group (2 g/L of phenols); the sulfites (S) group (0.5% sodium metabisulfite solution); the phenolic extract + sulfites (PE + S) group (0.25% sodium metabisulfite solution with 1 g/L of phenols), and the control (CTRL) group (tap water). Concerning color coordinates, there were no variations either between groups or over time, while it is important to highlight that phenolic extract (PE group) led to a significant reduction in total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N; p < 0.001) and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS; p < 0.001) values. Furthermore, PE also had a relevant effect in reducing bacterial counts and decreasing the microbial development. Finally, as concerns melanosis, the effect of phenolic extract alone was marginal, but when combined with half a dose of sodium metabisulfite, it was as effective as the shrimps treated with only sodium metabisulfite in delaying black spots (p < 0.05). These results are very promising with a view to commercializing additive-free shrimps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Miraglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.M.); (R.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Marta Castrica
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Laura Menchetti
- Department of Agricultural and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Sonia Esposto
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo s.n.c., 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.U.); (B.S.); (G.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Raffaella Branciari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.M.); (R.B.); (D.R.)
| | - David Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.M.); (R.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Stefania Urbani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo s.n.c., 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.U.); (B.S.); (G.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Beatrice Sordini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo s.n.c., 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.U.); (B.S.); (G.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Gianluca Veneziani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo s.n.c., 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.U.); (B.S.); (G.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Maurizio Servili
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo s.n.c., 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.U.); (B.S.); (G.V.); (M.S.)
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Abstract
Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM; MIM # 249400; ORPHA: 2481], first reported by the Bohemian pathologist Rokitansky in 1861, and now more precisely defined as neurocutaneous melanocytosis, is a rare, congenital syndrome characterised by the association of (1) congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) of the skin with overlying hypertrichosis, presenting as (a) large (LCMN) or giant and/or multiple (MCMN) melanocytic lesions (or both; sometimes associated with smaller "satellite" nevi) or (b) as proliferative melanocytic nodules; and (2) melanocytosis (with infiltration) of the brain parenchyma and/or leptomeninges. CMN of the skin and leptomeningeal/nervous system infiltration are usually benign, more rarely may progress to melanoma or non-malignant melanosis of the brain. Approximately 12% of individuals with LCMN will develop NCM: wide extension and/or dorsal axial distribution of LCMN increases the risk of NCM. The CMN are recognised at birth and are distributed over the skin according to 6 or more patterns (6B patterns) in line with the archetypical patterns of distribution of mosaic skin disorders. Neurological manifestations can appear acutely in infancy, or more frequently later in childhood or adult life, and include signs/symptoms of intracranial hypertension, seizures/epilepsy, cranial nerve palsies, motor/sensory deficits, cognitive/behavioural abnormalities, sleep cycle anomalies, and eventually neurological deterioration. NMC patients may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, with or without evidence of the typical nervous system changes at MRI. Associated brain and spinal cord malformations include the Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) complex, hemimegalencephaly, cortical dysplasia, arachnoid cysts, Chiari I and II malformations, syringomyelia, meningoceles, occult spinal dysraphism, and CNS lipoma/lipomatosis. There is no systemic involvement, or only rarely. Pathogenically, single postzygotic mutations in the NRAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homologue; MIM # 164790; at 1p13.2) proto-oncogene explain the occurrence of single/multiple CMNs and melanocytic and non-melanocytic nervous system lesions in NCM: these disrupt the RAS/ERK/mTOR/PI3K/akt pathways. Diagnostic/surveillance work-ups require physical examination, ophthalmoscopy, brain/spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography (MRA), positron emission tomography (PET), and video-EEG and IQ testing. Treatment strategies include laser therapy, chemical peeling, dermabrasion, and surgical removal/grafting for CMNs and shunt surgery and surgical removal/chemo/radiotherapy for CNS lesions. Biologically targeted therapies tailored (a) BRAF/MEK in NCM mice (MEK162) and GCMN (trametinib); (b) PI3K/mTOR (omipalisib/GSK2126458) in NMC cells; (c) RAS/MEK (vemurafenib and trametinib) in LCMNs cells; or created experimental NMC cells (YP-MEL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Ruggieri
- Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Agata Polizzi
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Catanzaro
- Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), AOU "Policlinico", PO "San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Manuela Lo Bianco
- Postgraduate Programme in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea D Praticò
- Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Concezio Di Rocco
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, International Neuroscience Institute (INI), Hannover, Germany
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Sae-Leaw T, Benjakul S. Distribution and Characteristics of Polyphenoloxidase from Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). J Food Sci 2019; 84:1078-1086. [PMID: 30958915 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of polyphenoloxidase (PPO) from different anatomical parts of Pacific white shrimp was examined. Among all parts, cephalothorax possessed the maximal PPO activity (P < 0.05), followed by pereopods, telson, pleopods, carapace, cuticle, and muscle, respectively. The higher PPO activity in cephalothorax was in line with the greater melanosis in this part during chilled storage. According to activity-staining toward 3,4-dihydroxy-ʟ-phenylalanine (ʟ-DOPA), PPO exhibited an activity band with a molecular weight (MW) of 210 kDa. When cephalothorax PPO was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and a series of chromatographic techniques, involving DEAE-Sepharose anion exchange and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration columns, homogeneity was obtained. Based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and native-PAGE, the Sephadex G-75 fraction showed a single band. The MW band on SDS-PAGE and gel filtration was estimated as 210 kDa, suggesting a monomeric molecule. For the inhibitor study, cysteine and 4-hexylresorcinol showed competitive inhibition toward PPO, while epigallocatechin gallate and kojic acid demonstrated mixed-type inhibition toward PPO. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Melanosis (black spot formation) triggered by polyphenoloxidase (PPO) drastically reduces the shelf-life of shrimp. PPO was localized in several anatomical parts of Pacific white shrimp with varying activities. Certain compounds, including cysteine, 4-hexylresorcinol, epigallocatechin gallate, and kojic acid, showed PPO inhibitory activity with different modes of inhibition. The obtained information provided a promising method for manufacturers to keep the prime eating quality of Pacific white shrimp throughout postmortem transportation and storage using selected PPO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanasak Sae-Leaw
- Authors are with Faculty of Agro-Industry, Dept. of Food Technology, Prince of Songkla Univ., Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Authors are with Faculty of Agro-Industry, Dept. of Food Technology, Prince of Songkla Univ., Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
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Pollo CF, Miot LDB, Meneguin S, Miot HA. Development and validation of a multidimensional questionnaire for evaluating quality of life in melasma (HRQ-melasma). An Bras Dermatol 2018; 93:391-396. [PMID: 29924234 PMCID: PMC6001090 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20186780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melasma has a major impact on quality of life. MELASQoL is the only validated specific psychometric instrument to evaluate melasma QoL. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a multidimensional questionnaire for evaluating quality of life related to facial melasma. METHODS Cross-sectional study performed in 2 institutions (public and private) from Brazil. Two focus groups were carried out: 5 board-certified dermatologists and 10 melasma patients, indicating the dimensions and significant units of melasma QoL. The preliminary questionnaire with 49 itens was applied to 154 facial melasma patients. Item reduction was performed by Rasch analysis. Parallel evaluations of clinical (MASI), demographic, and QoL aspects (MELASQoL, DLQI) were performed. The dimensional structure was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. Temporal stability was tested in a subgroup of 42 individuals within 7-14 days. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the 154 interviewed subjects was 39±8 years, and 87% were females. The median (p25-p75) DLQI and MELASQoL were: 2 (1-6) and 30 (17-44). HRQ-Melasma consisted of 19 items distributed in 4 dimensions: Physical/Appearance, Social/Professional, Psychological, and Treatment. Cronbach's alpha for HRQ-Melasma was 0.96, and >0.74 for each dimension. There was high correlation between HRQ-Melasma and DLQI and MELASQoL (rho=0.80 and 0.83), but modest with MASI (rho=0.35). Dimensional structure of HRQ-Melasma was stated by confirmatory factor analysis coefficients. Test-retest analysis disclosed an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.91 (p<0.01). STUDY LIMITATIONS Single-center study. CONCLUSIONS A specific instrument to evaluate QoL in melasma with multidimensional characteristics was developed and validated, with appropriate psychometric performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fernandes Pollo
- Department of Nursing, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu -
Universidade Estadual Paulista (FMB-Unesp), Botucatu (SP), Brazil
| | - Luciane Donida Bartoli Miot
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu -
Universidade Estadual Paulista (FMB-Unesp), Botucatu (SP), Brazil
| | - Silmara Meneguin
- Department of Nursing, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu -
Universidade Estadual Paulista (FMB-Unesp), Botucatu (SP), Brazil
| | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu -
Universidade Estadual Paulista (FMB-Unesp), Botucatu (SP), Brazil
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Abstract
The tretinoin peel, also known as retinoic acid peel, is a superficial peeling often performed in dermatological clinics in Brazil. The first study on this was published in 2001, by Cuce et al., as a treatment option for melasma. Since then, other studies have reported its applicability with reasonable methodology, although without a consistent scientific background and consensus. Topical tretinoin is used for the treatment of various dermatoses such as acne, melasma, scars, skin aging and non-melanoma skin cancer. The identification of retinoids cellular receptors was reported in 1987, but a direct cause-effect relation has not been established. This article reviews studies evaluating the use of topical tretinoin as agent for superficial chemical peel. Most of them have shown benefits in the treatment of melasma and skin aging. A better quality methodology in the study design, considering indication and intervention is indispensable regarding concentration, vehicle and treatment regimen (interval and number of applications). Additionally, more controlled and randomized studies comparing the treatment with tretinoin cream versus its use as a peeling agent, mainly for melasma and photoaging, are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Mayumi Sumita
- Dermatology Department of the Paulista Medical School -
Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM - UNIFESP) - São Paulo (SP),
Brazil
| | - Gislaine Ricci Leonardi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the Universidade Estadual de
Campinas (Unicamp) - Campinas (SP), Brazil
| | - Ediléia Bagatin
- Dermatology Department of the Paulista Medical School -
Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM - UNIFESP) - São Paulo (SP),
Brazil
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Abstract
Tumoral melanosis is a form of completely regressed melanoma that usually presents as darkly pigmented lesions suspicious for malignant melanoma. Histology reveals dense dermal and subcutaneous infiltration of melanophages. Pembrolizumab is an antibody directed against programmed death receptor-1 (PD1) and is frontline treatment for advanced melanoma. An 81-year-old man with metastatic melanoma treated with pembrolizumab who developed tumoral melanosis at previous sites of metastases is described. The PubMed database was searched with the key words: antibody, immunotherapy, melanoma, melanosis, metastasis, pembrolizumab, and tumoral. The papers generated by the search and their references were reviewed. The patient was initially diagnosed with lentigo maligna melanoma on the left cheek three years earlier, and he was treated with wide local excision. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with epidermotropic metastatic malignant melanoma on the left parietal scalp 14 months later and was treated with wide local excision. Three months later, the patient was found to have metastatic melanoma in the same area of the scalp and was started on pembrolizumab immunotherapy. The patient was diagnosed with tumoral melanosis in the site of previous metastases nine months later. The patient remained free of disease 13 months after starting pembrolizumab. Tumoral melanosis may mimic malignant melanoma; hence a workup, including skin biopsy, should be undertaken. Extensive tumoral melanosis has been reported with ipilimumab, and we add a case following treatment with pembrolizumab. Additional cases of tumoral melanosis may present since immunotherapy has become frontline therapy for advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Bari
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Philip R Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego
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Biernacka-Wawrzonek D, Stępka M, Tomaszewska A, Ehrmann-Jóśko A, Chojnowska N, Zemlak M, Muszyński J. Melanosis coli in patients with colon cancer. Prz Gastroenterol 2016; 12:22-27. [PMID: 28337232 PMCID: PMC5360664 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2016.64844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melanosis coli is a benign lesion affecting the mucosa of the large intestine. There is a relationship between the presence of melanosis and anthraquinone laxative use. Melanosis coli is also observed in patients with colon cancer, but there is doubt whether these two conditions are related. AIM To analyze the correlation between melanosis and colon cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed retrospectively 436 patients undergoing colon cancer surgery. There were 246 women and 190 men. Patients were divided into three age groups: under 50 years, between 51 and 65 years, and over 66 years. We analyzed sections of the cancer and intestinal mucosa from the tumor's proximal (2-5 cm) and distal (8-10 cm) zone. RESULTS Melanosis coli was present in 52 patients, which represents 11.9% of patients with colon cancer. More often it was present in women. The most common location of melanosis and colon cancer was the terminal part of the large intestine. In patients below 50 years of age in both sexes melanosis coli did not occur. In men, melanosis was more common in the age group over 66 years. Intensity of pigmentation was higher in the tumor's distal zone. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of melanosis coli increases with age, similar to that of colon cancer. Melanosis was not present inside tumors, in almost half of the cases it was not present in the proximal zone, and the degree of pigmentation increased in distal zone. The cause-effect relationship between melanosis coli and colon cancer remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Stępka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Railway Hospital, Pruszkow, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Ehrmann-Jóśko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Chojnowska
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zemlak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Muszyński
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Haugh AM, Merkel EA, Zhang B, Bubley JA, Verzì AE, Lee CY, Gerami P. A clinical, histologic, and follow-up study of genital melanosis in men and women. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 76:836-840. [PMID: 27986395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genital melanosis may clinically mimic melanoma. Little is known about the potential risk for genital and nongenital melanoma in these patients. OBJECTIVE In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed clinical and histologic data from patients with genital melanosis to better characterize these lesions and the risk they confer for genital and nongenital melanoma. METHODS In all, 41 patients were identified for a retrospective chart review and histologic analysis. RESULTS Genital melanosis can clinically mimic melanoma but the typical age of onset is younger than for genital melanoma. A majority of lesions were found to stabilize or regress over time. Five patients were found to have a history of melanoma, only 1 of which was in the genital region. Lesions from these patients were more likely to show melanocytes with suprabasal movement (P = .0101) and to have a higher melanocyte count (P < .0462). LIMITATIONS We present a relatively small cohort of patients with an average follow-up of only 30.5 months. CONCLUSION Patients with genital melanosis, and in particular those with any level of histologic atypia in the genital melanosis lesion, may require careful total body skin examinations for the possibility of melanoma in any body site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Haugh
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emily A Merkel
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeffrey A Bubley
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anna Elisa Verzì
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christina Y Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pedram Gerami
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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Bris CL, Cudennec B, Dhulster P, Drider D, Duflos G, Grard T. Melanosis in Penaeus monodon: Involvement of the Laccase-like Activity of Hemocyanin. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:663-670. [PMID: 26671070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In shrimp, the development of postmortem melanosis resulting from phenoloxidase activities leads to important economic losses. Phenoloxidase enzymes include catechol oxidases, laccases, and tyrosinases, but hemocyanin is also capable of phenoloxidase activities. These activities have been explored in Penaeus monodon, using different substrates. Results highlighted that tyrosinase-specific substrates were little oxidized, whereas hydroquinone (laccase-specific substrate) was more highly oxidized than l-DOPA (nonspecific substrate) in the pereopods and pleopods. Global phenoloxidase activity, assayed with l-DOPA, did not appear thermally stable over time and probably resulted from phenoloxidase enzymes. Conversely, the laccase-like activity assayed with hydroquinone was thermally stable over time, reflecting the thermal stability of hemocyanin. Independently of the anatomical compartment, the temperature, or the substrate, the highest activities were assayed in the cuticular compartments. This study demonstrates the complexity of phenoloxidase activities in P. monodon, and the importance of considering all the activities, including laccase-like activities such as that of hemocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Le Bris
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
- Université Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
- Université Artois , F-62000 Arras, France
- INRA , France
- ISA , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Cudennec
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
- Université Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pascal Dhulster
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
- Université Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Djamel Drider
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
- Université Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Duflos
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments-Département des Produits de la Pêche et de l'Aquaculture , Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Thierry Grard
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
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Abstract
Prostatic melanosis is a very rare, benign lesion characterized by the presence of melanin in the epithelium of the prostate gland and stromal dendritic cells, requiring no additional treatment. It constitutes the melanocytic lesions of the prostate together with blue nevus and malignant melanoma. We present a case with prostatic melanosis because it is rarely seen and its distinction from malignant melanoma is clinicopathologically very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Gucer
- Department of Pathology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Pelin Bagci
- Department of Pathology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
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Mutlu H. Can fentanyl transdermal patches prevent the cutaneous hyperpigmentation related to radiotherapy in patients with cancer? J Oncol Pharm Pract 2014; 22:316-8. [PMID: 25233883 DOI: 10.1177/1078155214551317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dermatologic adverse effects related to radiotherapy are one of the most important cosmetic problems and affect the quality of life in patients with cancer. In a male patient with non-small cell lung cancer who received palliative radiotherapy, the hyperpigmentation related to radiotherapy was examined two months later except for fentanyl transdermal patch area. The inhibitory effect of fentanyl on cell cycle may prevent hyperpigmentation related to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Mutlu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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Abstract
We reported two cases of clinically typical melasma presenting with unusual histopathologic findings. In one case, the epidermal melanocytes were markedly increased in number and protruded into the dermis, and in the other case, increased epidermal pigmentation as well as dermal melanocytosis were found. We suggested that the various treatment modalities of melasma should be applied depend on its histopathologic finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyun Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Inha University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Incheon, Korea.
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Mahilmaran A, Seshadri M, Nayar PG, Sudarsana G, Abraham KA. Familial cardiac myxoma: Carney's complex. Tex Heart Inst J 2003; 30:80-2. [PMID: 12638680 PMCID: PMC152845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of Carney's complex in a 12-year-old boy who had the characteristic features of multiple cutaneous tumors, pigmentation, and biatrial myxoma. His large right atrial myxoma almost occluded the tricuspid valve and presented a life-threatening emergency. Surgery saved his life, but recurrence of myxoma was noted on follow-up. The familial nature of the condition is highlighted by the case of the patient's 44-year-old mother, who also presented with features of Carney's complex: multiple cutaneous tumors and a tiny, asymptomatic, left atrial myxoma, which was detected during routine echocardiographic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Mahilmaran
- Institute for Cardiac Treatment & Research, Southern Railway Hospital, Ayanavaram, Chennai 600023, India
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Shields CL, Demirci H, Shields JA, Spanich C. Dramatic regression of conjunctival and corneal acquired melanosis with topical mitomycin C. Br J Ophthalmol 2002; 86:244-5. [PMID: 11815356 PMCID: PMC1770995 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.86.2.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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