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Miles TK, Allensworth-James ML, Odle AK, Silva Moreira AR, Haney AC, LaGasse AN, Gies AJ, Byrum SD, Riojas AM, MacNicol MC, MacNicol AM, Childs GV. Maternal undernutrition results in transcript changes in male offspring that may promote resistance to high fat diet induced weight gain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1332959. [PMID: 38720938 PMCID: PMC11077627 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1332959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during embryonic development and lactation influences multiple aspects of offspring health. Using mice, this study investigates the effects of maternal caloric restriction (CR) during mid-gestation and lactation on offspring neonatal development and on adult metabolic function when challenged by a high fat diet (HFD). The CR maternal model produced male and female offspring that were significantly smaller, in terms of weight and length, and females had delayed puberty. Adult offspring born to CR dams had a sexually dimorphic response to the high fat diet. Compared to offspring of maternal control dams, adult female, but not male, CR offspring gained more weight in response to high fat diet at 10 weeks. In adipose tissue of male HFD offspring, maternal undernutrition resulted in blunted expression of genes associated with weight gain and increased expression of genes that protect against weight gain. Regardless of maternal nutrition status, HFD male offspring showed increased expression of genes associated with progression toward nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Furthermore, we observed significant, sexually dimorphic differences in serum TSH. These data reveal tissue- and sex-specific changes in gene and hormone regulation following mild maternal undernutrition, which may offer protection against diet induced weight gain in adult male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany K. Miles
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Melody L. Allensworth-James
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Angela K. Odle
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Ana Rita Silva Moreira
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Anessa C. Haney
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Alex N. LaGasse
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Allen J. Gies
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Angelica M. Riojas
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Melanie C. MacNicol
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Angus M. MacNicol
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Gwen V. Childs
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Mendoza-León MJ, Mangalam AK, Regaldiz A, González-Madrid E, Rangel-Ramírez MA, Álvarez-Mardonez O, Vallejos OP, Méndez C, Bueno SM, Melo-González F, Duarte Y, Opazo MC, Kalergis AM, Riedel CA. Gut microbiota short-chain fatty acids and their impact on the host thyroid function and diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1192216. [PMID: 37455925 PMCID: PMC10349397 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1192216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid disorders are clinically characterized by alterations of L-3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (T4), L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), and/or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the blood. The most frequent thyroid disorders are hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroxinemia. These conditions affect cell differentiation, function, and metabolism. It has been reported that 40% of the world's population suffers from some type of thyroid disorder and that several factors increase susceptibility to these diseases. Among them are iodine intake, environmental contamination, smoking, certain drugs, and genetic factors. Recently, the intestinal microbiota, composed of more than trillions of microbes, has emerged as a critical player in human health, and dysbiosis has been linked to thyroid diseases. The intestinal microbiota can affect host physiology by producing metabolites derived from dietary fiber, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs have local actions in the intestine and can affect the central nervous system and immune system. Modulation of SCFAs-producing bacteria has also been connected to metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. In this review, we discuss how alterations in the production of SCFAs due to dysbiosis in patients could be related to thyroid disorders. The studies reviewed here may be of significant interest to endocrinology researchers and medical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Mendoza-León
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alejandro Regaldiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique González-Madrid
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ma. Andreina Rangel-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Álvarez-Mardonez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omar P. Vallejos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Méndez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Melo-González
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yorley Duarte
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ma. Cecilia Opazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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Khudyakov JI, Allen KN, Crocker DE, Trost NS, Roberts AH, Pirard L, Debier C, Piotrowski ER, Vázquez-Medina JP. Comprehensive molecular and morphological resolution of blubber stratification in a deep-diving, fasting-adapted seal. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1057721. [PMID: 36589428 PMCID: PMC9795062 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1057721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blubber is a modified subcutaneous adipose tissue in marine mammals that provides energy storage, thermoregulation, hydrodynamic locomotion, and buoyancy. Blubber displays vertical stratification by lipid content, fatty acid composition, and vascularization, leading to the assumption that deeper blubber layers are metabolically active, while superficial layers are mainly structural and thermoregulatory. However, few studies have examined functional stratification of marine mammal blubber directly, especially in pinnipeds. We characterized morphological and transcriptional differences across blubber layers in the northern elephant seal, a deep-diving and fasting-adapted phocid. We collected blubber from seals early in their fasting period and divided blubber cores into three similarly sized portions. We hypothesized that the innermost blubber portion would have higher 1) heterogeneity in adipocyte size, 2) microvascular density, and 3) expression of genes associated with metabolism and hormone signaling than outer blubber. We found that adipocyte area and variance increased from outermost (skin-adjacent) to innermost (muscle-adjacent) blubber layers, suggesting that inner blubber has a higher capacity for lipid storage and turnover than outer blubber. Inner blubber had a higher proportion of CD144+ endothelial cells, suggesting higher microvascular density. In contrast, outer blubber had a higher proportion of CD4+ immune cells than inner blubber, suggesting higher capacity for response to tissue injury. Transcriptome analysis identified 61 genes that were differentially expressed between inner and outer blubber layers, many of which have not been studied previously in marine mammals. Based on known functions of these genes in other mammals, we suggest that inner blubber has potentially higher 1) adipogenic capacity, 2) cellular diversity, and 3) metabolic and neuroendocrine signaling activity, while outer blubber may have higher 1) extracellular matrix synthesis activity and 2) responsiveness to pathogens and cell stressors. We further characterized expression of nine genes of interest identified by transcriptomics and two adipokines with higher precision across blubber layers using targeted assays. Our study provides functional insights into stratification of blubber in marine mammals and a molecular key, including CD144, CD4, HMGCS2, GABRG2, HCAR2, and COL1A2, for distinguishing blubber layers for physiological and functional studies in seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. I. Khudyakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States,*Correspondence: J. I. Khudyakov,
| | - K. N. Allen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - D. E. Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, United States
| | - N. S. Trost
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - A. H. Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - L. Pirard
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium
| | - C. Debier
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium
| | - E. R. Piotrowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - J. P. Vázquez-Medina
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Abstract
Taste perception is crucial for the critical evaluation of food constituents in human and other vertebrates. The five basic taste qualities salty, sour, sweet, umami (in humans mainly the taste of L-glutamic acid) and bitter provide important information on the energy content, the concentration of electrolytes and the presence of potentially harmful components in food items. Detection of the various taste stimuli is facilitated by specialized receptor proteins that are expressed in taste buds distributed on the tongue and the oral cavity. Whereas, salty and sour receptors represent ion channels, the receptors for sweet, umami and bitter belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. In particular, the G protein-coupled taste receptors have been located in a growing number of tissues outside the oral cavity, where they mediate important processes. This article will provide a brief introduction into the human taste perception, the corresponding receptive molecules and their signal transduction. Then, we will focus on taste receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, which participate in a variety of processes including the regulation of metabolic functions, hunger/satiety regulation as well as in digestion and pathogen defense reactions. These important non-gustatory functions suggest that complex selective forces have contributed to shape taste receptors during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Behrens
- Leibniz Institute of Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tatjana Lang
- Leibniz Institute of Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Zhou X, Ding G, Li J, Xiang X, Rushworth E, Song W. Physiological and Pathological Regulation of Peripheral Metabolism by Gut-Peptide Hormones in Drosophila. Front Physiol 2020; 11:577717. [PMID: 33117196 PMCID: PMC7552570 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.577717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract in both vertebrates and invertebrates is now recognized as a major source of signals modulating, via gut-peptide hormones, the metabolic activities of peripheral organs, and carbo-lipid balance. Key advances in the understanding of metabolic functions of gut-peptide hormones and their mediated interorgan communication have been made using Drosophila as a model organism, given its powerful genetic tools and conserved metabolic regulation. Here, we summarize recent studies exploring peptide hormones that are involved in the communication between the midgut and other peripheral organs/tissues during feeding conditions. We also highlight the emerging impacts of fly gut-peptide hormones on stress sensing and carbo-lipid metabolism in various disease models, such as energy overload, pathogen infection, and tumor progression. Due to the functional similarity of intestine and its derived peptide hormones between Drosophila and mammals, it can be anticipated that findings obtained in the fly system will have important implications for the understanding of human physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangming Ding
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Elisabeth Rushworth
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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