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Serov D, Tankanag A, Astashev M. Low-frequency oscillations of murine skin microcirculations and periodic changes of [Ca 2+ ] i and [NO] i levels in murine endotheliocytes: An effect of provocative tests. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:427-442. [PMID: 34882893 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The five frequency intervals of skin blood oscillation were described: cardiac, respiratory, myogenic, neurogenic, and endothelial. The endothelial interval is derived into NO-independent and NO-dependent. The exact molecular, cell, or systemic mechanisms of endothelial oscillations generation are unclear. We proposed that oscillations of Ca2+ and NO in endotheliocytes may be possible sources of skin blood perfusion (SBP) oscillations in endothelial interval. To examine our hypothesis we compared the oscillations of cytoplasmic Ca2+ and NO ([Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i ) concentration in cultured murine microvascular endotheliocytes and SBP oscillations in mice. Local heating test and model hypoxia were used as tools to evaluate an interconnection of studied parameters. [Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i were measured simultaneously by Fura-2 AM and DAF-FM. The SBP was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. The [Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i oscillations at 0.005-0.01 Hz were observed in endotheliocytes, that coincides the ranges of NO-independent endothelial interval. Heating decreased amplitude of [Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i oscillations in cells in NO-independent endothelial interval, while amplitudes of SBP oscillations increased in NO-independent and NO-dependent intervals. Hypoxia reduced the [NO]i oscillations amplitude. Heating test during hypoxia increased NO-independent endothelial SBP oscillations and decreased myogenic ones, did not effect on [NO]i oscillations, and shifted [Ca2+ ]i oscillations peak from 0.005-0.01 Hz to 0.01-0.018 Hz. We observed the [Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i oscillations synchronization within a cell and between cells for the first time. Heating abolished these synchronizations. Therefore low-frequency [Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i oscillations in endotheliocytes may be considered as modulators of low-frequency endothelial SBP oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Serov
- Institute of Cell Biophisics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Biophotonics Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arina Tankanag
- Institute of Cell Biophisics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Maksim Astashev
- Institute of Cell Biophisics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Biophotonics Center, Moscow, Russia
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Wu J, Li Z, Yuan W, Zhang Q, Liang Y, Zhang M, Qin H, Li C. Shenfu injection improves cerebral microcirculation and reduces brain injury in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 78:175-185. [PMID: 33579831 DOI: 10.3233/ch-211100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shenfu injection (SFI) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine which has been clinically used for treatment of septic shock and cardiac shock. The aim of this study was to clarify effects of SFI on cerebral microcirculation and brain injury after hemorrhagic shock (HS). METHODS Twenty-one domestic male Beijing Landrace pigs were randomly divided into three groups: SFI group (SFI, n = 8), saline group (SA, n = 8) or sham operation group (SO, n = 5). In the SFI group, animals were induced to HS by rapid bleeding to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg within 10 minutes and maintained at 40±3 mmHg for 60 minutes. Volume resuscitation (shed blood and crystalloid) and SFI were given after 1 hour of HS. In the SA group, animals received the same dose of saline instead of SFI. In the SO group, the same surgical procedure was performed but without inducing HS and volume resuscitation. The cerebral microvascular flow index (MFI), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression, aquaporin-4 expression, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and ultrastructural of microvascular endothelia were measured. RESULTS Compared with the SA group, SFI significantly improved cerebral MFI after HS. SFI up regulated cerebral endothelial NOS expression, but down regulated interleukin-6, TNF-α, inducible NOS and aquaporin-4 expression compared with the SA group. The cerebral microvascular endothelial injury and interstitial edema in the SFI group were lighter than those in the SA group. CONCLUSIONS Combined application of SFI with volume resuscitation after HS can improve cerebral microcirculation and reduce brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Wu
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqing Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Qin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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Ittner C, Burek M, Störk S, Nagai M, Förster CY. Increased Catecholamine Levels and Inflammatory Mediators Alter Barrier Properties of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells in vitro. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:73. [PMID: 32432126 PMCID: PMC7214675 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested a pathogenetic link between ischemic stroke and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) with poor outcome, when occurring simultaneously. Increased catecholamine (CAT) levels as well as elevated inflammatory mediators (INF) are found in the blood of patients with ischemic stroke concomitant with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS). On molecular level, the impact of these stressors combined with hypoxemia could compromise the integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) resulting in poor outcomes. As a first step in the direction of investigating possible molecular mechanisms, an in vitro model of the described pathological constellation was designed. An immortalized murine microvascular endothelial cell line from the cerebral cortex (cEND) was used as an established in vitro model of the BBB. cEND cells were treated with supraphysiological concentrations of CAT (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) and INF (TNF-α and Interleukin-6). Simultaneously, cells were exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) as an established in vitro model of ischemic stroke with/without subsequent reoxygenation. We investigated the impact on cell morphology and cell number by immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, alterations of selected tight and adherens junction proteins forming paracellular barrier as well as integrins mediating cell-matrix adhesion were determined by RT-PCR and/or Western Blot technique. Especially by choosing this wide range of targets, we give a detailed overview of molecular changes leading to compromised barrier properties. Our data show that the proteins forming the BBB and the cell count are clearly influenced by CAT and INF applied under OGD conditions. Most of the investigated proteins are downregulated, so a negative impact on barrier integrity can be assumed. The structures affected by treatment with CAT and INF are potential targets for future therapies in ischemic stroke and TTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Ittner
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Burek
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Störk
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michiaki Nagai
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Medicine and Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Carola Y Förster
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Reyes L, Getachew H, Dunn WA, Progulske-Fox A. Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 traffics via ICAM1 in microvascular endothelial cells and alters capillary organization in vivo. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1742528. [PMID: 32341760 PMCID: PMC7170297 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1742528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Microvascular dysfunction is a feature of periodontal disease. P. gingivalis, one of the most common oral bacteria present in gingival tissue biofilms, has also been identified in the gingival capillaries of patients with chronic periodontitis. We sought to determine the effect of P. gingivalis W83 infection on microvascular endothelium in vivo and in vitro. Methods and Results: Interdental papillae of rats with P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss had a more dilated and denser subepithelial capillary network than uninfected controls. P. gingivalis W83 was detected in the epithelial layers, the subepithelial connective tissue matrix, and subgingival capillaries. P. gingivalis invaded human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HD-MVECS) and persisted up termination (24 h). Colocalization analysis at 2.5, 6, and 24 h post-inoculation showed that 79-88% of internalized bacteria were in ICAM-1 positive endosomes, and 10-39% were in Rab5, Rab7, or LAMP1 positive compartments, but never in autophagosomes. Antibody-based blockade of ICAM-1 significantly reduced W83 invasion in HD-MVECS. P. gingivalis infected HD-MVECS were unable to form vascular networks in Matrigel. Conclusions: P. gingivalis perturbs microvascular endothelial function and invasion of these cells via ICAM-1 may be important for microbial persistence within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Reyes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - H Getachew
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Center for Molecular Microbiology University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - W A Dunn
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Center for Molecular Microbiology University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A Progulske-Fox
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Center for Molecular Microbiology University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Cesar V, Jozić I, Begović L, Vuković T, Mlinarić S, Lepeduš H, Borović Šunjić S, Žarković N. Cell-Type-Specific Modulation of Hydrogen Peroxide Cytotoxicity and 4-Hydroxynonenal Binding to Human Cellular Proteins In Vitro by Antioxidant Aloe vera Extract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7100125. [PMID: 30241411 PMCID: PMC6210414 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Aloe vera contains numerous bioactive components, the activity principles of widely used A. vera extracts are uncertain. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of genuine A. vera aqueous extract (AV) on human cells with respect to the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Fully developed A. vera leaves were harvested and analyzed for vitamin C, carotenoids, total soluble phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, human cervical cancer (HeLa), human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC), human keratinocytes (HaCat), and human osteosarcoma (HOS) cell cultures were treated with AV extract for one hour after treatment with H2O2 or HNE. The cell number and viability were determined using Trypan Blue, and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined by fluorescence, while intracellular HNE–protein adducts were measured for the first time ever by genuine cell-based HNE–His ELISA. The AV extract expressed strong antioxidant capacities (1.1 mmol of Trolox eq/g fresh weight) and cell-type-specific influence on the cytotoxicity of H2O2, as well as on endogenous production of ROS and HNE–protein adducts induced by HNE treatment, while AV itself did not induce production of ROS or HNE–protein adducts at all. This study, for the first time, revealed the importance of HNE for the activity principles of AV. Since HMEC cells were the most sensitive to AV, the effects of AV on microvascular endothelia could be of particular importance for the activity principles of Aloe vera extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10/E, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Iva Jozić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Lidija Begović
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Tea Vuković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Selma Mlinarić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Hrvoje Lepeduš
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10/E, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, L. Jägera 9, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Suzana Borović Šunjić
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Neven Žarković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Befani C, Liakos P. Hypoxia upregulates integrin gene expression in microvascular endothelial cells and promotes their migration and capillary-like tube formation. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:769-778. [PMID: 28418174 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue hypoxia affects gene expression through the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, HIF-1 and HIF-2, in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is a complex response of endothelial cells integrating cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, and their interaction with the extracellular matrix through integrin receptors. In this report, we studied the effect of hypoxia on the angiogenic functions of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) as well as on expression of the angiogenic integrins αν β3 , αν β5 , and α5 β1 . Exposure of HMEC-1 to hypoxia (1% O2 ) or to DMOG, a prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibitor, caused significant reduction to their proliferation rate, whereas their migration ability toward laminin-1 or collagen IV and capillary-like tube formation were significantly enhanced. In addition, αv , β1 , β3 , and β5 integrins expression was increased under hypoxia in HMEC-1, while α5 integrin was not affected. Both HIF-1 and HIF-2 protein expression and transcriptional activity were induced under hypoxia in HMEC-1. The knockdown of either HIF-1α or HIF-2α inhibited integrin β3 hypoxic stimulation, suggesting a HIF-dependent induction of β3 integrin in HMEC-1. Taken together, our results indicate that hypoxia transcriptionally up-regulates angiogenic integrins in microvascular endothelial cells along with promoting migration and tube formation of HMEC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Befani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Liakos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
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Pillon NJ, Azizi PM, Li YE, Liu J, Wang C, Chan KL, Hopperton KE, Bazinet RP, Heit B, Bilan PJ, Lee WL, Klip A. Palmitate-induced inflammatory pathways in human adipose microvascular endothelial cells promote monocyte adhesion and impair insulin transcytosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E35-44. [PMID: 25944880 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00611.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with inflammation and immune cell recruitment to adipose tissue, muscle and intima of atherosclerotic blood vessels. Obesity and hyperlipidemia are also associated with tissue insulin resistance and can compromise insulin delivery to muscle. The muscle/fat microvascular endothelium mediates insulin delivery and facilitates monocyte transmigration, yet its contribution to the consequences of hyperlipidemia is poorly understood. Using primary endothelial cells from human adipose tissue microvasculature (HAMEC), we investigated the effects of physiological levels of fatty acids on endothelial inflammation and function. Expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules was measured by RT-qPCR. Signaling pathways were evaluated by pharmacological manipulation and immunoblotting. Surface expression of adhesion molecules was determined by immunohistochemistry. THP1 monocyte interaction with HAMEC was measured by cell adhesion and migration across transwells. Insulin transcytosis was measured by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Palmitate, but not palmitoleate, elevated the expression of IL-6, IL-8, TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 2), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). HAMEC had markedly low fatty acid uptake and oxidation, and CD36 inhibition did not reverse the palmitate-induced expression of adhesion molecules, suggesting that inflammation did not arise from palmitate uptake/metabolism. Instead, inhibition of TLR4 to NF-κB signaling blunted palmitate-induced ICAM-1 expression. Importantly, palmitate-induced surface expression of ICAM-1 promoted monocyte binding and transmigration. Conversely, palmitate reduced insulin transcytosis, an effect reversed by TLR4 inhibition. In summary, palmitate activates inflammatory pathways in primary microvascular endothelial cells, impairing insulin transport and increasing monocyte transmigration. This behavior may contribute in vivo to reduced tissue insulin action and enhanced tissue infiltration by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Pillon
- Cell Biology Program, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paymon M Azizi
- Cell Biology Program, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yujin E Li
- Cell Biology Program, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Liu
- Cell Biology Program, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Changsen Wang
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenny L Chan
- Cell Biology Program, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn E Hopperton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Philip J Bilan
- Cell Biology Program, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren L Lee
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
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Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs), forming a semi-permeable barrier between the interior space of blood vessels and underlying tissues, control such diverse processes as vascular tone, homeostasis, adhesion of platelets, and leukocytes to the vascular wall and permeability of vascular wall for cells and fluids. Mechanisms which govern the highly clinically relevant process of increased EC permeability are under intense investigation. It is well known that loss of this barrier (permeability increase) results in tissue inflammation, the hall mark of inflammatory diseases such as acute lung injury and its severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome. Little is known about processes which determine the endothelial barrier enhancement or protection against permeability increase. It is now well accepted that extracellular purines and pyrimidines are promising and physiologically relevant barrier-protective agents and their effects are mediated by interaction with cell surface P2Y receptors which belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. The therapeutic potential of P2Y receptors is rapidly expanding field in pharmacology and some selective agonists became recently available. Here, we present an overview of recently identified P2Y receptor agonists that enhance the pulmonary endothelial barrier and inhibit and/or reverse endothelial barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Zemskov
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Lienenlüke B, Stojanovic T, Fiebig T, Fayyazi A, Germann T, Hecker M. Thalidomide impairment of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis in the rat - role of endothelial cell-leukocyte interaction. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 133:1414-23. [PMID: 11498529 PMCID: PMC1621145 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Immune response-modulating drugs such as thalidomide may be of therapeutic value in the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases including Crohn's disease (CD). In the present study, we have investigated whether thalidomide exerts this effect by impairing endothelial cell-leukocyte interaction through down-regulation of the expression of pro-inflammatory gene products in these cells. 2. Transient CD-like colitis was induced in male Wistar rats by single enema with trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) in ethanol followed by macroscopic scoring, histology, intravital microscopy, RT - PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. Thalidomide or its analogue supidimide were administered in olive oil by intragastric instillation 6 h prior to the induction of colitis and then daily for one week. 3. Both thalidomide and supidimide (200 mg kg(-1) d(-1)) significantly attenuated TNBS-induced colitis as compared to vehicle-treated control animals (44 and 37% inhibition, respectively), and this effect persisted for 7 days post cessation of thalidomide treatment (46% inhibition). 4. Moreover, thalidomide significantly reduced leukocyte sticking to postcapillary venular endothelial cells in the submucosa (by 45%), improved functional capillary density and perfusion, and attenuated endothelial interleukin-8 expression, as judged by IHC analysis. According to RT - PCR analysis, both thalidomide and supidimide also significantly reduced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mRNA expression in the affected part of the descending colon. 5. These findings suggest that thalidomide and one of its derivatives impairs CD-like TNBS-induced colitis in the rat by down-regulating endothelial adhesion molecule and chemokine expression and, as a consequence, the interaction of these cells with circulating leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Lienenlüke
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Fiebig
- Department of Surgery, University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Afshin Fayyazi
- Department of Pathology, University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tieno Germann
- Grünenthal GmbH, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Goettingen, Germany
- Author for correspondence:
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