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Al Bakri W, Donovan MD. The role of membrane transporters in the absorption of atrazine following nasal exposure. Inhal Toxicol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38738559 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2348165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of these studies was to investigate the uptake of atrazine across the nasal mucosa to determine whether direct transport to the brain through the olfactory epithelium is likely to occur. These studies were undertaken to provide important new information about the potential for the enhanced neurotoxicity of herbicides following nasal inhalation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transport of atrazine from aqueous solution and from commercial atrazine-containing herbicide products was assessed using excised nasal mucosal tissues. The permeation rate and the role of membrane transporters in the uptake of atrazine across the nasal mucosa were also investigated. Histological examination of the nasal tissues was conducted to assess the effects of commercial atrazine-containing products on nasal tissue morphology. RESULTS Atrazine showed high flux across both nasal respiratory and olfactory tissues, and efflux transporters were found to play an essential role in limiting its uptake at low exposure concentrations. Commercial atrazine-containing herbicide products showed remarkably high transfer across the nasal tissues, and histological evaluation showed significant changes in the morphology of the nasal epithelium following exposure to the herbicide products. DISCUSSION Lipophilic herbicides such as atrazine can freely permeate across the nasal mucosa despite the activity of efflux transporters. The adjuvant compounds in commercial herbicide products disrupt the nasal mucosa's epithelial barrier, resulting in even greater atrazine permeation across the tissues. The properties of the herbicide itself and those of the formulated products play crucial roles in the potential for the enhanced neurotoxicity of herbicides following nasal inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisam Al Bakri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242USA
| | - Maureen D Donovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242USA
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Saitani EM, Pippa N, Perinelli DR, Forys A, Papakyriakopoulou P, Lagopati N, Bonacucina G, Trzebicka B, Gazouli M, Pispas S, Valsami G. Fabricating Polymer/Surfactant/Cyclodextrin Hybrid Particles for Possible Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Ropinirole Hydrochloride: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1162. [PMID: 38256239 PMCID: PMC10816138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ropinirole is a non-ergolinic dopamine agonist used to manage Parkinson's disease and it is characterized by poor oral bioavailability. This study aimed to design and develop advanced drug delivery systems composed of poloxamer 407, a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80), and cyclodextrins (methyl-β-CD or hydroxy-propyl-β-CD) for possible brain targeting of ropinirole after nasal administration for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The hybrid systems were formed by the thin-film hydration method, followed by an extensive physicochemical and morphological characterization. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the systems on HEK293 cell lines was also tested. In vitro release and ex vivo mucosal permeation of ropinirole were assessed using Franz cells at 34 °C and with phosphate buffer solution at pH 5.6 in the donor compartment, simulating the conditions of the nasal cavity. The results indicated that the diffusion-controlled drug release exhibited a progressive increase throughout the experiment, while a proof-of-concept experiment on ex vivo permeation through rabbit nasal mucosa revealed a better performance of the prepared hybrid systems in comparison to ropinirole solution. The encouraging results in drug release and mucosal permeation indicate that these hybrid systems can serve as attractive platforms for effective and targeted nose-to-brain delivery of ropinirole with a possible application in Parkinson's disease. Further ex vivo and in vivo studies to support the results of the present work are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmina-Marina Saitani
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (E.-M.S.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (E.-M.S.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Aleksander Forys
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.F.); (B.T.)
| | - Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (E.-M.S.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.F.); (B.T.)
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (E.-M.S.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
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Manta K, Papakyriakopoulou P, Nikolidaki A, Balafas E, Kostomitsopoulos N, Banella S, Colombo G, Valsami G. Comparative Serum and Brain Pharmacokinetics of Quercetin after Oral and Nasal Administration to Rats as Lyophilized Complexes with β-Cyclodextrin Derivatives and Their Blends with Mannitol/Lecithin Microparticles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2036. [PMID: 37631250 PMCID: PMC10459069 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (Que) is one of the most studied flavonoids with strong antioxidant properties ascribed to its ability to bind free radicals and inactivate them. However, the low solubility of the compound along with its inadequate absorption after oral administration limit its beneficial effects. Que's complexation with two different cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives (hydroxypropyl-β-CD and methyl-β-CD) via the neutralization/lyophilization method has been found to improve its physicochemical properties. Moreover, blends of the lyophilized powders with mannitol/lecithin microparticles (MLMPs) have been proposed as candidates for intranasal (IN) administration after in vitro and ex vivo evaluations. In this context, a comparative pharmacokinetic (PK) study of the IN vs oral administration of Que lyophilized powders and their blends with MLMPs (75:25 w/w) was performed on Wistar rats. The PK parameters estimated by a non-compartmental analysis using the sparse data methodology in Phoenix® 8.3 (Certara, Princeton, NJ, USA) illustrated the effectiveness of IN administration either in brain targeting or in reaching the bloodstream. Significant levels of the compound were achieved at both sites, compared to those after oral delivery which were negligible. These results favor the potential application of the prepared Que nasal powders for systemic and nose-to-brain delivery for the prevention and/or treatment of neuroinflammatory degenerative conditions, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Manta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (P.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (P.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Anna Nikolidaki
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (P.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Evangelos Balafas
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Centre of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Centre of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Sabrina Banella
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Gaia Colombo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (P.P.); (A.N.)
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O’Connell RC, Dodd TM, Clingerman SM, Fluharty KL, Coyle J, Stueckle TA, Porter DW, Bowers L, Stefaniak AB, Knepp AK, Derk R, Wolfarth M, Mercer RR, Boots TE, Sriram K, Hubbs AF. Developing a Solution for Nasal and Olfactory Transport of Nanomaterials. Toxicol Pathol 2022; 50:329-343. [PMID: 35416103 PMCID: PMC9872725 DOI: 10.1177/01926233221089209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
With advances in nanotechnology, engineered nanomaterial applications are a rapidly growing sector of the economy. Some nanomaterials can reach the brain through nose-to-brain transport. This transport creates concern for potential neurotoxicity of insoluble nanomaterials and a need for toxicity screening tests that detect nose-to-brain transport. Such tests can involve intranasal instillation of aqueous suspensions of nanomaterials in dispersion media that limit particle agglomeration. Unfortunately, protein and some elements in existing dispersion media are suboptimal for potential nose-to-brain transport of nanomaterials because olfactory transport has size- and ion-composition requirements. Therefore, we designed a protein-free dispersion media containing phospholipids and amino acids in an isotonic balanced electrolyte solution, a solution for nasal and olfactory transport (SNOT). SNOT disperses hexagonal boron nitride nanomaterials with a peak particle diameter below 100 nm. In addition, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in an established dispersion medium, when diluted with SNOT, maintain dispersion with reduced albumin concentration. Using stereomicroscopy and microscopic examination of plastic sections, dextran dyes dispersed in SNOT are demonstrated in the neuroepithelium of the nose and olfactory bulb of B6;129P2-Omptm3Mom/MomJ mice after intranasal instillation in SNOT. These findings support the potential for SNOT to disperse nanomaterials in a manner permitting nose-to-brain transport for neurotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. O’Connell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA,West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Tiana M. Dodd
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | | | - Kara L. Fluharty
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jayme Coyle
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Todd A. Stueckle
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Dale W. Porter
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Lauren Bowers
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | | | - Alycia K. Knepp
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Raymond Derk
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Michael Wolfarth
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Robert R. Mercer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Theresa E. Boots
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Krishnan Sriram
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ann F. Hubbs
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Kumarasamy M, Sosnik A. The Nose-To-Brain Transport of Polymeric Nanoparticles Is Mediated by Immune Sentinels and Not by Olfactory Sensory Neurons. Adv Biosys 2019; 3:e1900123. [PMID: 32648679 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The nose-to-brain (N-to-B) transport mechanism of nanoparticles through the olfactory epithelium (OE) is not fully understood. Most research utilized nasal epithelial cell models completely deprived of olfactory cells. Aiming to shed light into key cellular pathways, in this work, for the first time, the interaction of polymeric nanoparticles in a 17-483 nm size range and with neutral and negatively and positively charged surfaces with primary olfactory sensory neurons, cortical neurons, and microglia isolated from olfactory bulb (OB), OE, and cortex of newborn rats is investigated. After demonstrating the good cell compatibility of the different nanoparticles, the nanoparticle uptake by confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy is monitored. Our findings reveal that neither olfactory nor forebrain neurons internalize nanoparticles. Conversely, it is demonstrated that olfactory and cortical microglia phagocytose the nanoparticles independently of their features. Overall, our findings represent the first unambiguous evidence of the possible involvement of microglia in N-to-B nanoparticle transport and the unlikely involvement of neurons. Furthermore, this approach emerges as a completely new experimental tool to screen the biocompatibility, uptake, and transport of nanomaterials by key cellular players of the N-to-B pathway in nanosafety and nanotoxicology and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Kumarasamy
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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Khan T, Ranjan R, Dogra Y, Pandya SM, Shafi H, Singh SK, Yadav PN, Misra A. Intranasal Eutectic Powder of Zolmitriptan with Enhanced Bioavailability in the Rat Brain. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3234-40. [PMID: 27518323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intranasal administration can potentially deliver drugs to the brain because of the proximity of the delivery site to the olfactory lobe. We prepared triturates of micronized or crystalline zolmitriptan with a GRAS substance, nicotinamide, to form a eutectic. We characterized the formulation using differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and FTIR spectroscopy to confirm its eutectic nature and generated a phase diagram. The eutectic formulation was aerosolized using an in-house insufflator into the nares of rats. Groups of rats received zolmitriptan intravenously or intranasally, or intranasal eutectic formulation. Zolmitriptan was estimated in the olfactory lobe, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and blood plasma at different time-points by LC-MS. Pharmacokinetics in these tissues indicated the superiority of the intranasal eutectic formulation for brain targeting when compared with results of IV solution and intranasal pure zolmitriptan powder. Enhancement of nose-to-brain transport is likely to have resulted from more rapid dissolution of the eutectic as compared to pure drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Khan
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10A, Janakipuram Extension, Nauvakhera, Lucknow 226031, India.,Hygeia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Ghazipur Balram, Ghaila Road, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Rajeev Ranjan
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10A, Janakipuram Extension, Nauvakhera, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Yeshwant Dogra
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10A, Janakipuram Extension, Nauvakhera, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanketkumar M Pandya
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10A, Janakipuram Extension, Nauvakhera, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Hasham Shafi
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10A, Janakipuram Extension, Nauvakhera, Lucknow 226031, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kashmir University , Srinagar 190006, India
| | - S K Singh
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10A, Janakipuram Extension, Nauvakhera, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Prem N Yadav
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10A, Janakipuram Extension, Nauvakhera, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Amit Misra
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10A, Janakipuram Extension, Nauvakhera, Lucknow 226031, India
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