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Spinozzi F, Moretti P, Perinelli DR, Corucci G, Piergiovanni P, Amenitsch H, Sancini GA, Franzese G, Blasi P. Small-angle X-ray scattering unveils the internal structure of lipid nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 662:446-459. [PMID: 38364470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles own a remarkable potential in nanomedicine, only partially disclosed. While the clinical use of liposomes and cationic lipid-nucleic acid complexes is well-established, liquid lipid nanoparticles (nanoemulsions), solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers have even greater possibilities. However, they face obstacles in being used in clinics due to a lack of understanding about the molecular mechanisms controlling their drug loading and release, interactions with the biological environment (such as the protein corona), and shelf-life stability. To create effective drug delivery carriers and successfully translate bench research to clinical settings, it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of the internal structure of lipid nanoparticles. Through synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering experiments, we determined the spatial distribution and internal structure of the nanoparticles' lipid, surfactant, and the bound water in them. The nanoparticles themselves have a barrel-like shape that consists of coplanar lipid platelets (specifically cetyl palmitate) that are covered by loosely spaced polysorbate 80 surfactant molecules, whose polar heads retain a large amount of bound water. To reduce the interface cost of bound water with unbound water without stacking, the platelets collapse onto each other. This internal structure challenges the classical core-shell model typically used to describe solid lipid nanoparticles and could play a significant role in drug loading and release, biological fluid interaction, and nanoparticle stability, making our findings valuable for the rational design of lipid-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Spinozzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy.
| | - Paolo Moretti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Corucci
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France; École Doctorale de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Héres, France; Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Piergiovanni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Giancarlo Franzese
- Secció de Física Estadística i Interdisciplinària, Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, & Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Paolo Blasi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Sabbatini B, Perinelli DR, Palmieri GF, Cespi M, Bonacucina G. Exploring Immersion Coating as a Cost-Effective Method for Small-Scale Production of Enteric-Coated Gelatin Capsules. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:433. [PMID: 38675394 PMCID: PMC11054423 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The coating process for solid dosage forms is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry but presents challenges for small-scale production, needed in personalized medicine and clinical or galenic settings. This study aimed to evaluate immersion coating, a cost-effective small-scale method, for enteric-coated gelatin capsules using standard equipment. Two enteric coating polymers and different polymer concentrations were tested, along with API solubility. Results were compared with commercially available enteric capsule shells. Successful preparation of enteric coating capsules via immersion necessitates a comprehensive grasp of API and enteric polymer behavior. However, utilizing commercially available enteric capsule shells does not guarantee ease or robustness, as their efficacy hinges on the attributes of the active ingredient and excipients. Notably, coating with Eudragit S100 stands out for its superior process robustness, requiring minimal or no development time, thus representing the best option for small-scale enteric capsule production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (B.S.); (D.R.P.); (G.F.P.); (G.B.)
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Logrippo S, Ganzetti R, Sestili M, Perinelli DR, Cespi M, Bonacucina G. Enteral Delivery of Pravastatin Sodium Tablets: Effect of Compounding into a Liquid Form and Co-Administration of Enteral Nutrition. Pharmacy (Basel) 2024; 12:32. [PMID: 38392939 PMCID: PMC10892702 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy12010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compounding solid oral dosage forms into liquid preparations is a common practice for administering drug therapy to patients with swallowing difficulties. This is particularly relevant for those on enteral nutrition, where factors such as the administration procedure and co-administration of enteral nutrition play crucial roles in effective drug delivery. Due to the limited studies focused on this practice, the impact of co-administered nutrition remains unclear. METHODS Pravastatin tablets were compounded into two liquid formulations and administered through three independent tubes for ten cycles. The drug amount was quantified upstream and downstream of the tubes both with and without different (fiber content) nutritional boluses. RESULTS The compounding procedure did not lower the drug amount with respect to the original tablets. However, when the liquid formulation was pumped through the tubes, a statistically significant reduction in the pravastatin administered (between 4.6% and 11.3%) was observed. The co-administration of different nutritional boluses or the compounding procedure did not affect the general results. CONCLUSIONS Pravastatin loss appears unavoidable when administered via the enteral tube. Although, in this case, the loss was of limited clinical relevance, it is important not to underestimate this phenomenon, especially with drugs having a narrow therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Logrippo
- Hospital Pharmacy, Santa Maria della Stella Hospital, USL Umbria 2, 05018 Orvieto, Italy;
- Hospital Pharmacy, Engles Profili Hospital, AST Ancona, 60044 Fabriano, Italy
| | - Roberta Ganzetti
- Hospital Pharmacy, Carlo Urbani Hospital, AST Ancona, 60035 Jesi, Italy;
| | - Matteo Sestili
- Territorial Pharmaceutical Service, AST Ancona, 60035 Jesi, Italy;
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- CHIP Building, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Marco Cespi
- CHIP Building, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- CHIP Building, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.)
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Zhang J, Vincenzetti S, Polidori P, Polzonetti V, Di Michele A, Perinelli DR, Liu G, Li L, Pucciarelli S. The effects of pH, temperature, and buffer concentration on the self-assembling behavior, secondary structure, and surface hydrophobicity of donkey and bovine β-casein. Food Chem 2024; 433:137285. [PMID: 37683474 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembling behavior, secondary structure, and surface hydrophobicity of purified donkey β-casein in terms of pH, temperature, and buffer concentration were investigated in comparison with commercial bovine β-casein. Critical micelle concentration of both β-caseins decreased with the lowering of pH (pH 8.0-6.0) and the increasing temperatures (25-50 °C). Critical micelle temperature of both β-caseins increased moving from pH 6.0 to 8.0 and aggregates larger than micelles formed at pH 6.0 that is close to their isoelectric point. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that the maximum surface hydrophobicity was achieved at pH 6.0. The secondary structure was examined using circular dichroism spectroscopy, highlighting an increase of α-helix content and a decrease of unordered structures with the decrease of pH and increase of temperature. This work provides insights on parameters promoting molecular interactions involved in donkey β-CN self-association, useful to develop nanocarriers for encapsulating bioactive compounds in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Shandong Donkey Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Liaocheng University, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong, China.
| | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Paolo Polidori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, PG, Italy.
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Guiqin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Shandong Donkey Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Liaocheng University, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong, China.
| | - Lanjie Li
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Shandong Donkey Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Liaocheng University, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong, China.
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
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Saitani EM, Pippa N, Perinelli DR, Forys A, Papakyriakopoulou P, Lagopati N, Bonacucina G, Trzebicka B, Gazouli M, Pispas S, Valsami G. Fabricating Polymer/Surfactant/Cyclodextrin Hybrid Particles for Possible Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Ropinirole Hydrochloride: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1162. [PMID: 38256239 PMCID: PMC10816138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ropinirole is a non-ergolinic dopamine agonist used to manage Parkinson's disease and it is characterized by poor oral bioavailability. This study aimed to design and develop advanced drug delivery systems composed of poloxamer 407, a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80), and cyclodextrins (methyl-β-CD or hydroxy-propyl-β-CD) for possible brain targeting of ropinirole after nasal administration for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The hybrid systems were formed by the thin-film hydration method, followed by an extensive physicochemical and morphological characterization. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the systems on HEK293 cell lines was also tested. In vitro release and ex vivo mucosal permeation of ropinirole were assessed using Franz cells at 34 °C and with phosphate buffer solution at pH 5.6 in the donor compartment, simulating the conditions of the nasal cavity. The results indicated that the diffusion-controlled drug release exhibited a progressive increase throughout the experiment, while a proof-of-concept experiment on ex vivo permeation through rabbit nasal mucosa revealed a better performance of the prepared hybrid systems in comparison to ropinirole solution. The encouraging results in drug release and mucosal permeation indicate that these hybrid systems can serve as attractive platforms for effective and targeted nose-to-brain delivery of ropinirole with a possible application in Parkinson's disease. Further ex vivo and in vivo studies to support the results of the present work are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmina-Marina Saitani
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (E.-M.S.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (E.-M.S.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Aleksander Forys
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.F.); (B.T.)
| | - Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (E.-M.S.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.F.); (B.T.)
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (E.-M.S.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
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Tiboni M, Cespi M, Casettari L, Palmieri GF, Perinelli DR, Bonacucina G. Hydrogel containing mPEG-PLGA nanoparticles for the vaginal delivery of saquinavir mesylate against HIV infection. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 191:106599. [PMID: 37774955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Saquinavir mesylate (SQV) is a protease inhibitor commonly employed for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. It is generally administered orally as tablets in combination with other antiviral drugs. Another promising route of administration can be represented by the vaginal one through topically applied formulations. This delivery can reduce the first-pass effect in the case of systemic drug adsorption or prevent HIV infection. We propose the formulation of a Carbopol® 974 (C974) hydrogel containing biodegradable mPEG-PL(L)GA nanoparticles (NPs) for the vaginal delivery of SQV, intended both as a prevention and a therapeutic strategy. mPEG-PL(L)GA NPs were incorporated into the C974 polymeric matrix, leading to a reduction of the hydrogel consistency dependent on NPs and C974 concentrations. Despite the moderate drug loading into NPs, the presence of the NPs had an impact on the in vitro release of the drug from the hydrogel at pH 5.5 using immersion cells. A higher amount of the drug was released, probably due to the effect of NPs in promoting the incorporation of the drug into the hydrogel at a high SQV dose. These findings can be useful for the development of topically applied hydrogels for SQV delivery, possibly having improved in vivo therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Tiboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Marco Cespi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Giovanni Filippo Palmieri
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
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Verboni M, Perinelli DR, Buono A, Campana R, Sisti M, Duranti A, Lucarini S. Sugar-Based Monoester Surfactants: Synthetic Methodologies, Properties, and Biological Activities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1500. [PMID: 37887201 PMCID: PMC10604170 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolipids are biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds characterized by a great scientific interest for their potential applications in various technological areas, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture, and food production. This report summarizes the available synthetic methodologies, physicochemical properties, and biological activity of sugar fatty acid ester surfactants, with a particular focus on 6-O-glucose, 6-O-mannose, 6-O-sucrose, and 6'-O-lactose ones. In detail, the synthetic approaches to this class of compounds, such as enzymatic lipase-catalyzed and traditional chemical (e.g., acyl chloride, Steglich, Mitsunobu) esterifications, are reported. Moreover, aspects related to the surface activity of these amphiphiles, such as their ability to decrease surface tension, critical micelle concentration, and emulsifying and foaming ability, are described. Biological applications with a focus on the permeability-enhancing effect across the skin or mucosa, antimicrobial and antifungal activities, as well as antibiofilm properties, are also presented. The information reported here on sugar-based ester surfactants is helpful to broaden the interest and the possible innovative applications of this class of amphiphiles in different technological fields in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Verboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.V.); (A.B.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Buono
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.V.); (A.B.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Raffaella Campana
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.V.); (A.B.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Maurizio Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.V.); (A.B.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Andrea Duranti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.V.); (A.B.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Simone Lucarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.V.); (A.B.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
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Perinelli DR, Santanatoglia A, Caprioli G, Bonacucina G, Vittori S, Maggi F, Sagratini G. Inulin Functionalized "Giuncata" Cheese as a Source of Prebiotic Fibers. Foods 2023; 12:3499. [PMID: 37761209 PMCID: PMC10528394 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of functional foods in the dairy sector represents a flourishing field of technological research. In this study, an Italian fresh cheese as "giuncata" was enriched with inulin, a dietary fiber, with the aim of developing a product with improved nutritional properties in terms of prebiotic action on intestinal microbiota. An inulin concentration of ~4% w/w was determined in the fresh cheese after the fortification process, enabling the claim of being a "source of dietary fiber" (inulin > 3 g/100 g) according to the European regulation. The addition of inulin has no effect on the pH of cheese and does not relevantly influence its color as well as the total fat content (fat reduction ~0.61%) in comparison to the control. Mechanical properties of the cheese were also not markedly affected as evidenced from rheological and tensile testing analyses. Indeed, the incorporation of inulin in "giuncata" only exerts a slight "softening effect" resulting in a slightly lower consistency and mechanical resistance in comparison to the control. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of producing a fiber-enriched dairy functional food from a large consumed fresh and soft cheese as "giuncata".
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (D.R.P.); (A.S.); (G.C.); (G.B.); (S.V.); (G.S.)
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Perinelli DR, Cambriani A, Antognini G, Agostinacchio G, Marliani A, Cespi M, Torregiani E, Bonacucina G. Quantification of Squalene and Lactic Acid in Hair Bulbs with Damaged Sheaths: Are They Metabolic Wastes in Alopecia? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2493. [PMID: 37760935 PMCID: PMC10525989 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is a pathological and multifactorial condition characterised by an altered hair growth cycle and ascribed to different pathogenic causes. Cell energetic imbalances in hair follicles occurring in this disorder could lead to the production of some "metabolic wastes", including squalene and lactic acid, which could be involved in the clinically observed sheath damage. The aim of this work was the extraction and analytical quantification of squalene and lactic acid from hair bulbs of subjects with clinical alopecia in comparison with controls, using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS techniques. The analytical quantification was performed after a preliminary observation through a polarised optical microscope to assess sheath damage and morphological alterations in the cases group. A significantly larger amount of squalene was quantified only in subjects affected by alopecia (n = 31) and with evident damage to hair sheaths. For lactic acid, no statistically significant differences were found between cases (n = 21) and controls (n = 21) under the experimental conditions used. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that squalene can represent a metabolic and a pathogenic marker for some alopecia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Romano Perinelli
- Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (A.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Alessandra Cambriani
- Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (A.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Gianluigi Antognini
- S.I.Tri.—Italian Society for Hair Science and Restoration, Via San Domenico 107, 50133 Florence, Italy; (G.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Gaetano Agostinacchio
- S.I.Tri.—Italian Society for Hair Science and Restoration, Via San Domenico 107, 50133 Florence, Italy; (G.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Andrea Marliani
- S.I.Tri.—Italian Society for Hair Science and Restoration, Via San Domenico 107, 50133 Florence, Italy; (G.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Marco Cespi
- Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (A.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Torregiani
- Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (A.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (A.C.); (G.B.)
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Aguzzi C, Perinelli DR, Cespi M, Zeppa L, Mazzara E, Maggi F, Petrelli R, Bonacucina G, Nabissi M. Encapsulation of Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Essential Oils into Nanoemulsions for Potential Therapeutic Applications: Assessment of Cytotoxicological Profiles. Molecules 2023; 28:6479. [PMID: 37764255 PMCID: PMC10537312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), due to its bioactive compounds (terpenes and cannabinoids), has gained increasing interest in different fields, including for medical purposes. The evaluation of the safety profile of hemp essential oil (EO) and its encapsulated form (nanoemulsion, NE) is a relevant aspect for potential therapeutic applications. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological effect of hemp EOs and NEs from cultivars Carmagnola CS and Uso 31 on three cell lines selected as models for topical and inhalant administration, by evaluating the cytotoxicity and the cytokine expression profiles. Results show that EOs and their NEs have comparable cytotoxicity, if considering the quantity of EO present in the NE. Moreover, cells treated with EOs and NEs showed, in most of the cases, lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines compared to Etoposide used as a positive control, and the basal level of inflammatory cytokines was not altered, suggesting a safety profile of hemp EOs and their NEs to support their use for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Aguzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.A.); (L.Z.)
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (F.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Marco Cespi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (F.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Laura Zeppa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.A.); (L.Z.)
| | - Eugenia Mazzara
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (F.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (F.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (F.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (F.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.A.); (L.Z.)
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11
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Sabbatini B, Romano Perinelli D, Filippo Palmieri G, Cespi M, Bonacucina G. Sodium lauryl sulfate as lubricant in tablets formulations: Is it worth? Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123265. [PMID: 37482231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lubricants are excipients used in tablet formulations to reduce friction and adhesion forces within the die or on the punches surface during the manufacturing process. Despite these excipients are always required for the tablets production, their amount must be carefully evaluated since lubricants can negatively impact on mechanical strength, disintegration and dissolution behavior of solid dosage forms. Alternative compounds have been suggested to overcome the issues of conventional lubricants and sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) is one of the most promising one. Despite SDS has been object of several investigations, a definitive conclusion on its effectiveness cannot still be drawn. Particularly, its efficacy on tablets disaggregation and API dissolution is still unclear. Here, the effect of SDS on all the relevant features of tablets and tableting process has been evaluated on immediate release hydrophobic tablets formulations in comparison with conventional lubricants. The results of this investigation are quite outspoken: SDS has a low lubricant power while it determines only a limited improvement on tablets hardness. It greatly improves the tablets wettability but only on model formulations, the presence of superdisintegrants resets its effectiveness and any possible effect on tablets disaggregation. None of the tested formulations showed improvement on the API dissolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC 62032, Italy.
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC 62032, Italy
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12
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Santini G, Klimanova Y, Pucciarelli S, Polzonetti V, Cespi M, Romano Perinelli D, Polidori P, Cognigni L, Fioretti L, Renzi S, Vincenzetti S. Effects of different steam injection conditions on cappuccino's nutritional profile. Food Chem 2023; 428:136757. [PMID: 37413839 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The quality parameters of cappuccinos prepared with pasteurized milk or ultra-high-temperature milk steam-injected at different temperatures by a professional coffee machine have been assessed. In particular, the protein profile, the content of vitamins and lactose, the lipid peroxidation process, and the involvement of milk proteins in the foam formation were evaluated. The nutritional quality of milk seems not affected by the steam injection treatment carried out at a temperature of 60-65 °C, but at higher temperatures a decrement of lactoperoxidase, vitamin B6 and folic acid was observed. The milk used in cappuccino preparation is very important: pasteurized milk can form a more consistent and lasting foam with respect to ultra-high-temperature milk because of the presence of β-lactoglobulin and lactoferrin, both playing an important role in the foam formation and stability. This work would provide additional information to the coffee industry for the preparation of high nutritional and organoleptic quality cappuccinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Santini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; Simonelli Group, Via Emilio Betti, 62020, Belforte del Chienti, MC, Italy
| | - Yulia Klimanova
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, Via Madonna delle Carceri, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Via Madonna delle Carceri, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Paolo Polidori
- School of Pharmacy, Via Madonna delle Carceri, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Luca Cognigni
- Simonelli Group, Via Emilio Betti, 62020, Belforte del Chienti, MC, Italy
| | - Lauro Fioretti
- Simonelli Group, Via Emilio Betti, 62020, Belforte del Chienti, MC, Italy
| | - Sofia Renzi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
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13
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Ramadan Q, Perinelli DR, Orian L, Baratchi S. Editorial: Innovative approaches in drug discovery and development. Front Med Technol 2023; 5:1206088. [PMID: 37251414 PMCID: PMC10214947 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2023.1206088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qasem Ramadan
- College of Science & General Studies, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Baratchi
- Baker Hearth and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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14
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Kavallieratos NG, Bonacucina G, Nika EP, Skourti A, Georgakopoulou SKC, Filintas CS, Panariti AME, Maggi F, Petrelli R, Ferrati M, Spinozzi E, Perinelli DR, Canale A, Benelli G. The Type of Grain Counts: Effectiveness of Three Essential Oil-Based Nanoemulsions against Sitophilus oryzae. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:813. [PMID: 36840161 PMCID: PMC9962515 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Essential oil (EO)-based nanoemulsions (NEs) are promising grain protectants in the management of stored-product pests. However, the potential impact of the stored-grain species on the green insecticide effectiveness has been poorly studied. In this study, two concentrations of EO-based NEs from Carlina acaulis L., Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds., and Hazomalania voyronii (Jum.) Capuron were evaluated as insecticides against the major stored-product pest Sitophilus oryzae (L.) on barley, oats, and maize kernels. The C. acaulis EO-based NE applied at 1000 ppm on barley achieved the highest mortality, killing 94.4% of S. oryzae adults after a 7-day exposure, followed by 1000 ppm of H. voyronii EO-based NE (83.3%). The lowest mortality (1.1%) was recorded with 500 ppm of M. longifolia EO-based NE on maize after the same interval. All tested NEs exhibited elevated efficacy when applied on barley, while mortalities were lower on oats and maize. Furthermore, C. acaulis EO-based NE was the most effective when applied on all commodities, followed by H. voyronii and M. longifolia EO-based NEs. Overall, our results highlighted the significant impact of the stored cereal on the insecticidal effectiveness of EO-based NE used for stored-product pest control. Sitophilus oryzae adults on barley can be adequately controlled through the application of C. acaulis and H. voyronii EO-based NEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas G. Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Erifili P. Nika
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Skourti
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula Kyriaki C. Georgakopoulou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantin S. Filintas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Maria E. Panariti
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade, Studenstki trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrati
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Spinozzi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Angelo Canale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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15
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Verboni M, Perinelli DR, Qiu CY, Tiboni M, Aluigi A, Lucarini S, Lam JKW, Duranti A. Synthesis and Properties of Sucrose- and Lactose-Based Aromatic Ester Surfactants as Potential Drugs Permeability Enhancers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:223. [PMID: 37259370 PMCID: PMC9964938 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutics across biological membranes (e.g., mucosal barriers) by avoiding invasive routes (e.g., injection) remains a challenge in the pharmaceutical field. As such, there is the need to discover new compounds that act as drug permeability enhancers with a favorable toxicological profile. A valid alternative is represented by the class of sugar-based ester surfactants. In this study, sucrose and lactose alkyl aromatic and aromatic ester derivatives have been synthesized with the aim to characterize them in terms of their physicochemical properties, structure-property relationship, and cytotoxicity, and to test their ability as permeability enhancer agents across Calu-3 cells. All of the tested surfactants showed no remarkable cytotoxic effect on Calu-3 cells when applied both below and above their critical micelle concentration. Among the explored molecules, lactose p-biphenyl benzoate (URB1420) and sucrose p-phenyl benzoate (URB1481) cause a reversible ~30% decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) with the respect to the basal value. The obtained result matches with the increased in vitro permeability coefficients (Papp) calculated for FTIC-dextran across Calu-3 cells in the presence of 4 mM solutions of these surfactants. Overall, this study proposes sucrose- and lactose-based alkyl aromatic and aromatic ester surfactants as novel potential and safe permeation enhancers for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Verboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Carol Yingshan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mattia Tiboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Annalisa Aluigi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Simone Lucarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Jenny K. W. Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Andrea Duranti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
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16
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Chountoulesi M, Perinelli DR, Forys A, Chrysostomou V, Kaminari A, Bonacucina G, Trzebicka B, Pispas S, Demetzos C. Development of stimuli-responsive lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles targeting lysosomes: Physicochemical, morphological and drug release studies. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122440. [PMID: 36436746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The abilities of sub-cellular targeting and stimuli-responsiveness are critical challenges in pharmaceutical nanotechnology. In the present study, glyceryl monooleate (GMO)-based non-lamellar lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles were stabilized by the poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(lauryl methacrylate) block copolymer carrying tri-phenyl-phosphine cations (TPP-QPDMAEMA-b-PLMA), either used alone or in combination with other polymers as co-stabilizers. The systems were designed to perform simultaneously sub-cellular targeting, stimuli-responsiveness and to exhibit stealthiness. The physicochemical characteristics and fractal dimensions of the resultant nanosystems were obtained from light scattering techniques, while their micropolarity and microfluidity from fluorescence spectroscopy. Their morphology was assessed by cryo-TEM, while their thermal behavior by microcalorimetry and high-resolution ultrasound spectroscopy. The analyzed properties, including the responsiveness to pH and temperature, were found to be dependent on the combination of the polymeric stabilizers. The subcellular localization was monitored by confocal microscopy, revealing targeting to lysosomes. Subsequently, resveratrol was loaded into the nanosystems, the entrapment efficiency was investigated and in vitro release studies were carried out at different conditions, in which a stimuli-triggered drug release profile was achieved. In conclusion, the proposed multi-functional nanosystems can be considered as potentially stealth, stimuli-responsive drug delivery nanocarriers, with targeting ability to lysosomes and presenting a stimuli-triggered drug release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chountoulesi
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Aleksander Forys
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Varvara Chrysostomou
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece; Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Archontia Kaminari
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece.
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17
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Chountoulesi M, Perinelli DR, Forys A, Katifelis H, Selianitis D, Chrysostomou V, Lagopati N, Bonacucina G, Trzebicka B, Gazouli M, Demetzos C, Pispas S, Pippa N. Studying the properties of polymer-lipid nanostructures: The role of the host lipid. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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18
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Klimanova Y, Polzonetti V, Pucciarelli S, Perinelli DR, Bonacucina G, Cespi M, Gabrielli MG, Santini G, Fioretti L, Cognigni L, Vincenzetti S. Effect of steam frothing on milk microfoam: Chemical composition, texture, stability and organoleptic properties. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Kavallieratos NG, Nika EP, Skourti A, Boukouvala MC, Ntalaka CT, Maggi F, Spinozzi E, Petrelli R, Perinelli DR, Benelli G, Canale A, Bonacucina G. Carlina acaulis essential oil nanoemulsion as a new grain protectant against different developmental stages of three stored-product beetles. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:2434-2442. [PMID: 35306735 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant essential oils (EOs) represent eco-friendly alternatives to conventional insecticides for managing pest populations. Carlina acaulis root EO showed a wide insecticidal spectrum, being highly effective against insect pests and vectors, coupled with low mammal toxicity. To boost the chemico-physical properties of this EO and its main active ingredient, carlina oxide, C. acaulis EO was encapsulated in a nanoemulsion [NE, 6% EO (w/w)], and its insecticidal properties evaluated against larvae and adults of Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum and Tenebrio molitor. Two NE concentrations (500 and 1000 ppm) were applied on stored wheat. Mortality was determined after 4, 8 and 16 h and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days. RESULTS The NE was toxic to larvae of T. castaneum and T. confusum, killing 93.9% and 98.9% at 1000 ppm after 7 days of exposure, respectively. Tenebrio molitor larvae were tolerant: only 18.9% were dead after 7 days of exposure on stored wheat treated with 1000 ppm NE. However, the NE exhibited high adulticidal activity leading to 85.2% mortality at 1000 ppm, 7 days post-exposure. The mortalities of T. confusum and T. castaneum adults were low (21.4% and 23.3% respectively) at 1000 ppm, 7 days post-exposure. CONCLUSIONS A NE based on C. acaulis EO could be regarded as an efficacious green adulticide or larvicide, depending on the target insect species and its life stage, advancing and specifying the pest management strategies of the tested species in an eco-friendly way. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas G Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Erifili P Nika
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Anna Skourti
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Maria C Boukouvala
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Catherine T Ntalaka
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, Camerino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Spinozzi
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, Camerino, Italy
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borgheto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Canale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borgheto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, Camerino, Italy
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20
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Berardi A, Romano Perinelli D, Bisharat L, Sabbatini B, Bonacucina G, Tiboni M, Filippo Palmieri G, Cespi M. Factors affecting the rheological behaviour of carbomer dispersions in hydroalcoholic medium: towards the optimization of hand sanitiser gel formulations. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121503. [PMID: 35085726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hand sanitizers represent a primary measure for the prevention of transmissible infections, whose use has been greatly increased during CoViD-19 pandemic. Most of the commercially available products are hydrogels, employing carbomers as thickening agents. However, few information is still available regarding performances of carbomers in hydroalcoholic media containing a percentage of alcohols ≥60% v/v as recommended for disinfection. The aim of this study was to investigate the colloidal behaviour of carbomer 974 and carbomer 980 in hydroalcoholic media containing from 50 to 80% w/w of alcohol (ethanol or isopropanol) and neutralised with triethanolamine or aminomethyl propanol. Both carbomers provide transparent hydrogels in water, but carbomer 980 should be preferred for the formulation of hydrogel with a percentage of alcohol ≥ 50% w/w for its better solvation. The critical ethanol concentration (CAlC), above which polymer precipitation occurs, depends on the type of alcohol and base used. Carbomer dispersions with a higher content of alcohol can be prepared using aminomethyl propanol than triethanolamine. The choice of the more suitable components is fundamental for the isopropanol-based dispersions since the CAlC is closer to the recommended concentration for disinfection. Overall, these results provide helpful insights for the correct preparation of alcohol-based hand sanitizers using carbomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Berardi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | | | - Lorina Bisharat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | | | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC 62032, Italy
| | - Mattia Tiboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | | | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC 62032, Italy
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21
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Baldassarri C, Falappa G, Mazzara E, Acquaticci L, Ossoli E, Perinelli DR, Bonacucina G, Dall’Acqua S, Cappellacci L, Maggi F, Ranjbarian F, Hofer A, Petrelli R. Antitrypanosomal Activity of Anthriscus Nemorosa Essential Oils and Combinations of Their Main Constituents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1413. [PMID: 34827351 PMCID: PMC8614863 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the susceptibility of Trypanosoma brucei to the Anthriscus nemorosa essential oils (EOs), isolated compounds from these oils, and artificial mixtures of the isolated compounds in their conventional and nanoencapsulated forms. The chemical composition of the essential oils from the aerial parts and roots of Anthriscus nemorosa, obtained from a wild population growing in central Italy, were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In both cases, the predominant class of compounds was monoterpene hydrocarbons, which were more abundant in the EOs from the roots (81.5%) than the aerial parts (74.0%). The overall results of this work have shed light on the biological properties of A. nemorosa EO from aerial parts (EC50 = 1.17 μg/mL), farnesene (EC50 = 0.84 μg/mL), and artificial mixtures (Mix 3-5, EC50 in the range of 1.27 to 1.58 μg/mL) as relevant sources of antiprotozoal substances. Furthermore, the pool measurements of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and NTPs (nucleoside triphosphates) in the cultivated bloodstream form of trypanosomes exposed to different concentrations of EOs showed a disturbed energy metabolism, as indicated by increased pools of ADP in comparison to ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and other NTPs. Ultimately, this study highlights the significant efficacy of A. nemorosa EO to develop long-lasting and effective antiprotozoal formulations, including nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Baldassarri
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP) via Madonna delle Carceri, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.B.); (G.F.); (E.M.); (L.A.); (E.O.); (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Giulia Falappa
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP) via Madonna delle Carceri, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.B.); (G.F.); (E.M.); (L.A.); (E.O.); (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Eugenia Mazzara
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP) via Madonna delle Carceri, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.B.); (G.F.); (E.M.); (L.A.); (E.O.); (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Laura Acquaticci
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP) via Madonna delle Carceri, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.B.); (G.F.); (E.M.); (L.A.); (E.O.); (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Elena Ossoli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP) via Madonna delle Carceri, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.B.); (G.F.); (E.M.); (L.A.); (E.O.); (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP) via Madonna delle Carceri, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.B.); (G.F.); (E.M.); (L.A.); (E.O.); (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP) via Madonna delle Carceri, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.B.); (G.F.); (E.M.); (L.A.); (E.O.); (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Loredana Cappellacci
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP) via Madonna delle Carceri, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.B.); (G.F.); (E.M.); (L.A.); (E.O.); (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP) via Madonna delle Carceri, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.B.); (G.F.); (E.M.); (L.A.); (E.O.); (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Farahnaz Ranjbarian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90736 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Anders Hofer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90736 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP) via Madonna delle Carceri, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.B.); (G.F.); (E.M.); (L.A.); (E.O.); (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (F.M.)
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Astolfi P, Giorgini E, Perinelli DR, Vita F, Adamo FC, Logrippo S, Parlapiano M, Bonacucina G, Pucciarelli S, Francescangeli O, Vaccari L, Pisani M. Cubic and Hexagonal Mesophases for Protein Encapsulation: Structural Effects of Insulin Confinement. Langmuir 2021; 37:10166-10176. [PMID: 34369787 PMCID: PMC8397388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monoolein-based cubic and hexagonal mesophases were investigated as matrices for insulin loading, at low pH, as a function of temperature and in the presence of increasing amounts of oleic acid, as a structural stabilizer for the hexagonal phase. Synchrotron small angle X-ray diffraction, rheological measurements, and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to study the effects of insulin loading on the lipid mesophases and of the effect of protein confinement in the 2D- and 3D-lipid matrix water channels on its stability and unfolding behavior. We found that insulin encapsulation has only little effects both on the mesophase structures and on the viscoelastic properties of lipid systems, whereas protein confinement affects the response of the secondary structure of insulin to thermal changes in a different manner according to the specific mesophase: in the cubic structure, the unfolding toward an unordered structure is favored, while the prevalence of parallel β-sheets, and nuclei for fibril formation, is observed in hexagonal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Astolfi
- Dipartimento
SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle
Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Dipartimento
DISVA, Università Politecnica delle
Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- Scuola
di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Francesco Vita
- Dipartimento
SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle
Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Corrado Adamo
- Dipartimento
SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle
Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Serena Logrippo
- Dipartimento
SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle
Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Parlapiano
- Dipartimento
SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle
Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- Scuola
di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- Scuola
di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università
di Camerino, Via Gentile
III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Oriano Francescangeli
- Dipartimento
SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle
Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lisa Vaccari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14—km
163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Pisani
- Dipartimento
SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle
Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Vici G, Perinelli DR, Camilletti D, Carotenuto F, Belli L, Polzonetti V. Nutritional Properties of Rice Varieties Commonly Consumed in Italy and Applicability in Gluten Free Diet. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061375. [PMID: 34198605 PMCID: PMC8232128 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten-free diets are often characterized by an inadequate intake of nutrients and are generally monotonous for the limited number of products celiac patients can use. As rice is the most used cereal by celiac consumers, studying rice varieties nutritional characteristics is of interest to manage diet quality and variety. Proteins, total carbohydrates and amylose content of six rice varieties (Ribe, Vialone Nano, Carnaroli, Arborio, Basmati, and Fragrance) were analyzed. Analyses were performed in raw products and after boiling, stewing, and microwaving. A decrease of proteins and total carbohydrates amount was observed in cooked rice. The same was reported for amylose content with boiling showing the highest loss (average retained amylose 53%). Considering amylose percentage with respect to total carbohydrates, each variety showed either an increase or a decrease depending on cooking method. The highest values were obtained with stewing above all for Basmati rice and Arborio rice. However, exceptions can be underlined as Carnaroli rice, showing the highest percentage when boiled. In this context, nutritional characteristics of cooked rice varieties appear to be of great importance to increase specific nutritional knowledge to better manage gluten-free diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Vici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (D.C.); (F.C.); (L.B.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy;
| | - Dalia Camilletti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (D.C.); (F.C.); (L.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Flora Carotenuto
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (D.C.); (F.C.); (L.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Luca Belli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (D.C.); (F.C.); (L.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (D.C.); (F.C.); (L.B.); (V.P.)
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24
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Bottari C, Catalini S, Foggi P, Mancini I, Mele A, Perinelli DR, Paciaroni A, Gessini A, Masciovecchio C, Rossi B. Base-specific pre-melting and melting transitions of DNA in presence of ionic liquids probed by synchrotron-based UV resonance Raman scattering. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Perinelli DR, Palmieri GF, Cespi M, Bonacucina G. Encapsulation of Flavours and Fragrances into Polymeric Capsules and Cyclodextrins Inclusion Complexes: An Update. Molecules 2020; 25:E5878. [PMID: 33322621 PMCID: PMC7763935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavours and fragrances are volatile compounds of large interest for different applications. Due to their high tendency of evaporation and, in most cases, poor chemical stability, these compounds need to be encapsulated for handling and industrial processing. Encapsulation, indeed, resulted in being effective at overcoming the main concerns related to volatile compound manipulation, and several industrial products contain flavours and fragrances in an encapsulated form for the final usage of customers. Although several organic or inorganic materials have been investigated for the production of coated micro- or nanosystems intended for the encapsulation of fragrances and flavours, polymeric coating, leading to the formation of micro- or nanocapsules with a core-shell architecture, as well as a molecular inclusion complexation with cyclodextrins, are still the most used. The present review aims to summarise the recent literature about the encapsulation of fragrances and flavours into polymeric micro- or nanocapsules or inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins, with a focus on methods for micro/nanoencapsulation and applications in the different technological fields, including the textile, cosmetic, food and paper industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (G.F.P.); (M.C.); (G.B.)
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Chountoulesi M, Perinelli DR, Forys A, Bonacucina G, Trzebicka B, Pispas S, Demetzos C. Liquid crystalline nanoparticles for drug delivery: The role of gradient and block copolymers on the morphology, internal organisation and release profile. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:21-34. [PMID: 33098976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polymers represent one of the main class of stabilizers for non-lamellar lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles, being essential for their formation and stability. In the present study, poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) block copolymers and poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-grad-poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazoline) (MPOx) gradient copolymers were incorporated as stabilizers in liquid crystalline nanoparticles prepared from glyceryl monooleate. The polymers were chosen according to their high biocompatibility and promising stealth properties, in order to develop safe and efficient drug delivery nanosystems. The physicochemical characteristics and fractal dimension of the resultant nanosystems were obtained from light scattering techniques, while their micropolarity and microfluidity from fluorescence spectroscopy. The effect of temperature, serum proteins and ionic strength on the physicochemical behavior was monitored. Their morphology was assessed by cryo-TEM, while their thermal behavior by microcalorimetry and high-resolution ultrasound spectroscopy. Their properties were dependent on the stabilizer chemistry and topology (block/gradient copolymer) and its concentration. Subsequently, resveratrol, as model hydrophobic drug, was loaded into the nanosystems, the entrapment efficiency was calculated and in vitro release studies were carried out, highlighting how the different stabilizer can differentiate the drug release profile. In conclusion, the proposed copolymers broaden the toolbox of polymeric stabilizers for the development of liquid crystalline nanoparticles intended for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chountoulesi
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Aleksander Forys
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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Perinelli DR, Bonacucina G, Pucciarelli S, Cespi M, Serri E, Polzonetti V, Tambella AM, Vincenzetti S. Rheological Properties and Growth Factors Content of Platelet-Rich Plasma: Relevance in Veterinary Biomedical Treatments. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100429. [PMID: 33081006 PMCID: PMC7603199 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a nontransfusional hemocomponent, considered as a powerful concentrate of growth factors (GFs) therapeutically used to stimulate tissue regeneration. The use of autologous PRP, as the patient’s own biological material, for therapeutic purposes represents a safe and effective alternative to conventional treatments in both human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was the characterization of canine PRP from rheological and biological points of view. Thus, a characterization of the viscoelastic properties of the PRP systems was performed in order to clarify the influence of different calcium concentrations, in the presence of autologous thrombin-rich solution, on the PRP gels’ mechanical properties, from which the applicability of these systems in biomedical treatments is strongly dependent. Then, an evaluation of the content of GFs in PRP, activated or not with thrombin, and stored at different temperatures (37 °C and −20 °C) was performed over time, outlining, for the first time, the importance of the effect of physiological temperature (37 °C) on the production of GFs. A clinical case study conducted in a dog with a complete rupture of the common calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) confirmed the relevance of this hemocomponent in the daily veterinary clinical activity and the potential translational value for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; (S.P.); (E.S.); (V.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Evelina Serri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; (S.P.); (E.S.); (V.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; (S.P.); (E.S.); (V.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Adolfo Maria Tambella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; (S.P.); (E.S.); (V.P.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0737-403417
| | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; (S.P.); (E.S.); (V.P.); (S.V.)
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Berardi A, Cenci-Goga B, Grispoldi L, Cossignani L, Perinelli DR. Analysis of Commercial Hand Sanitisers amid CoViD-19: Are We Getting the Products that We Need? AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:286. [PMID: 33063151 PMCID: PMC7561283 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The CoViD-19 pandemic has caused a sudden spike in demand and production of hand sanitisers. Concerns are rising regarding the quality of such products, as the safeguard of consumers is a priority worldwide. We analyse here the ethanolic content of seven off-the-shelf hand sanitiser gels (two biocides and five cosmetics) from the Italian market, using gas chromatography. The WHO recommends that products containing ethanol should have 60-95% (v/v) alcohol. Four of the tested hand gels have ethanolic contents within the recommended range, while three products (all cosmetics) contain < 60% (v/v), i.e. 52.1% (w/w), ethanol. The product with the lowest alcoholic content has 37.1% w/w ethanol. Toxic methanol is not found in any of the hand sanitisers. We show, in addition, that products with the highest ethanolic content have generally greater antibacterial activity. In conclusion, all tested products are complying with the EU regulations, as the three "substandard" products are classified as cosmetics, whose purpose is cleaning and not disinfecting. Nevertheless, if such hand cleaners were inappropriately used as hand disinfectants, they might be ineffective. Thus, consumer safety relays on awareness and ability to distinguish between biocidal and cosmetics hand gels. The obtained results might sensitise the scientific community, health agencies and ultimately consumers towards the risks of using hand sanitisers of substandard alcoholic concentration. If the wrong product is chosen by consumers, public health can be compromised by the inappropriate use of "low-dosed" cosmetic gels as disinfectants, particularly during the period of the CoViD-19 pandemic.
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Pavoni L, Perinelli DR, Ciacciarelli A, Quassinti L, Bramucci M, Miano A, Casettari L, Cespi M, Bonacucina G, Palmieri GF. Properties and stability of nanoemulsions: How relevant is the type of surfactant? J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Chountoulesi M, Perinelli DR, Pippa N, Chrysostomou V, Forys A, Otulakowski L, Bonacucina G, Trzebicka B, Pispas S, Demetzos C. Physicochemical, morphological and thermal evaluation of lyotropic lipidic liquid crystalline nanoparticles: The effect of stimuli-responsive polymeric stabilizer. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tiboni M, Benedetti S, Skouras A, Curzi G, Perinelli DR, Palmieri GF, Casettari L. 3D-printed microfluidic chip for the preparation of glycyrrhetinic acid-loaded ethanolic liposomes. Int J Pharm 2020; 584:119436. [PMID: 32445905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
18-α-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a bioactive compound extracted from licorice that exhibits many biological and pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities on the skin. However, its lipophilic nature results in poor bioavailability that limits clinical applications. Liposomes, presenting the ability to carry both hydrophobic and hydrophilic payloads and a good cytocompatibility, are effective to overcome this barrier. Furthermore, the addition of permeation enhancers such as ethanol into liposomal formulations helps the diffusion of these systems through the skin barrier. Here, we aimed to formulate GA-loaded ethanolic liposomes, using a natural soybean lecithin via a microfluidic approach. Using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer we customized a microfluidic chip, and manufactured vesicles that presented spherical shape with a size of 202 ± 5.2 nm, a narrow size distribution and a good stability over a period of 30 days. After reaching a drug encapsulation efficiency of 63.15 ± 2.2%, liposomes were evaluated for their cytocompatibility and skin permeation potentiality after hydrogelation using xanthan gum. The in vitro release and permeation studies were performed using Franz diffusion cells comparing two different media and three synthetic membranes including a polymeric skin-mimicking membrane. The selected formulation presented no cytotoxicity and an increased permeation compared to GA saturated hydrogel. It could perform therapeutically better effects than conventional formulations containing free GA, as prolonged and controlled release topical dosage forms, which may lead to improved efficiency and better patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Tiboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Serena Benedetti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Athanasios Skouras
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Giulia Curzi
- Prosopika srl, Via del Trabocchetto, 1, 61034 Fossombrone, PU, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
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Pavoni L, Perinelli DR, Bonacucina G, Cespi M, Palmieri GF. An Overview of Micro- and Nanoemulsions as Vehicles for Essential Oils: Formulation, Preparation and Stability. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E135. [PMID: 31940900 PMCID: PMC7023169 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The interest around essential oils is constantly increasing thanks to their biological properties exploitable in several fields, from pharmaceuticals to food and agriculture. However, their widespread use and marketing are still restricted due to their poor physico-chemical properties; i.e., high volatility, thermal decomposition, low water solubility, and stability issues. At the moment, the most suitable approach to overcome such limitations is based on the development of proper formulation strategies. One of the approaches suggested to achieve this goal is the so-called encapsulation process through the preparation of aqueous nano-dispersions. Among them, micro- and nanoemulsions are the most studied thanks to the ease of formulation, handling and to their manufacturing costs. In this direction, this review intends to offer an overview of the formulation, preparation and stability parameters of micro- and nanoemulsions. Specifically, recent literature has been examined in order to define the most common practices adopted (materials and fabrication methods), highlighting their suitability and effectiveness. Finally, relevant points related to formulations, such as optimization, characterization, stability and safety, not deeply studied or clarified yet, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.P.); (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (G.F.P.)
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Ostacolo C, Miceli F, Di Sarno V, Nappi P, Iraci N, Soldovieri MV, Ciaglia T, Ambrosino P, Vestuto V, Lauritano A, Musella S, Pepe G, Basilicata MG, Manfra M, Perinelli DR, Novellino E, Bertamino A, Gomez-Monterrey IM, Campiglia P, Taglialatela M. Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Conformationally Restricted Retigabine Analogues as Novel Neuronal Kv7 Channel Activators. J Med Chem 2019; 63:163-185. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Miceli
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Di Sarno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Piera Nappi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Virginia Soldovieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Science V. Tiberio, University of Molise, Via F. de Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Tania Ciaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paolo Ambrosino
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vestuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Lauritano
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Musella
- European Biomedical Research Center (EBRIS), Via Salvatore de Renzi, 3, 84125 Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maurizio Taglialatela
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Perinelli DR, Campana M, Singh I, Vllasaliu D, Doutch J, Palmieri GF, Casettari L. PEGylation affects the self-assembling behaviour of amphiphilic octapeptides. Int J Pharm 2019; 571:118752. [PMID: 31606529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant-like peptides are a class of amphiphilic macromolecules, which are able to self-assemble in water forming different supramolecular structures. Among them, octapeptides composed of six hydrophobic and two hydrophilic residues have attracted interest since they have a length similar to those of natural phospholipids. Supramolecular structures of different amphiphilic octapeptides have been widely reported, but no study has been performed aimed at investigating the effect of PEGylation on their self-assembling behaviour. The aim of the present work was to synthesize and characterise the self-assembling behaviour of PEGylated alanine- or valine based amphiphilic octapeptides (mPEG1.9kDa-DDAAAAAA and mPEG1.9kDa-DDVVVVVV) in comparison to the non-PEGylated ones (DDAAAAAA and DDVVVVVV). The self-aggregation process in ultrapure water was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, small angle neutron scattering (SANS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), while the secondary structure was assessed by circular dichroism. PEGylation markedly affects the self-assembling behaviour of these amphiphilic octapeptides in terms of both critical aggregation concentration (CAC) and shape of the formed supramolecular aggregates. Indeed, PEGylation increases CAC and prevents the self-aggregation into fibrillary supramolecular aggregates (as observed for non-PEGylated peptides), by promoting the formation of micelle-like structures (as demonstrated for valine-based octapeptide). On the other side, the secondary structure of peptides seems not to be affected by PEGylation. Overall, these results suggest that self-assembling behaviour of amphiphilic octapeptides can be modified by PEGylation, with a great potential impact for the future applications of these nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Mario Campana
- ISIS Neutron Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Ishwar Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - James Doutch
- ISIS Neutron Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | | | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
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Perinelli DR, Petrelli D, Vitali LA, Bonacucina G, Cespi M, Vllasaliu D, Giorgioni G, Palmieri GF. Quaternary Ammonium Leucine-Based Surfactants: The Effect of a Benzyl Group on Physicochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11060287. [PMID: 31248093 PMCID: PMC6631462 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium amphiphiles are a class of compounds with a wide range of commercial and industrial uses. In the pharmaceutical field, the most common quaternary ammonium surfactant is benzalkonium chloride (BAC), which is employed as a preservative in several topical formulations for ocular, skin, or nasal application. Despite the broad antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi and small enveloped viruses, safety concerns regarding its irritant and cytotoxic effect on epithelial cells still remain. In this work, quaternary ammonium derivatives of leucine esters (C10, C12 and C14) were synthesised as BAC analogues. These cationic surfactants were characterised in terms of critical micelle concentration (CMC, by tensiometry), cytotoxicity (MTS and LDH assays on the Caco-2 and Calu-3 cell lines) and antimicrobial activity on the bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis among the Gram-positives, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among the Gram-negatives and the yeast Candida albicans. They showed satisfactory surface-active properties, and a cytotoxic effect that was dependent on the length of the hydrophobic chain. Lower minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) values were calculated for C14-derivatives, which were comparable to those calculated for BAC toward Gram-positive bacteria and slightly higher for Gram-negative bacteria and C. albicans. Thus, the synthesised leucine-based quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants can potentially find application as promising surface-active compounds with antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dezemona Petrelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | | | | | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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Perinelli DR, Petrelli D, Vitali LA, Vllasaliu D, Cespi M, Giorgioni G, Elmowafy E, Bonacucina G, Palmieri GF. Quaternary ammonium surfactants derived from leucine and methionine: Novel challenging surface active molecules with antimicrobial activity. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Perinelli DR, Cespi M, Rendina F, Bonacucina G, Palmieri GF. Effect of the concentration process on unloaded and doxorubicin loaded liposomal dispersions. Int J Pharm 2019; 560:385-393. [PMID: 30802548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are lamellar nanovesicles made of phospholipids of a great interest as drug delivery carriers, able to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. Some liposomal formulations have reached the market, including the doxorubicin loaded PEGylated liposomal dispersion Doxil®. The aim of the work was to investigate the possibility of concentrating liposomes through the ultrafiltration process under nitrogen pressure, using Doxil® formulation as a model. The concentrated liposomal dispersions (4x and 8x) obtained from Doxil® were characterised in terms of size evolution (dynamic light scattering), morphology (cryo-TEM) and thermal behaviour (microcalorimetry, mDSC and high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy, HR-US) and compared to the unloaded liposomes of the same composition. The ultrafiltration process resulted to be effective in concentrating both loaded and unloaded liposomal dispersions, which showed a particle size and thermal properties comparable to those of the non concentrated ones. Moreover, all liposomal dispersions did not show any remarkable variation in term of particle size distribution and morphology for at least 8 weeks after concentration. Altogether, results demonstrated the effectiveness in using ultrafiltration as a methodology to concentrate both loaded and unloaded liposomes without affecting the quality of the processed product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Rendina
- Janssen-Pharmaceutical Company of Johnson and Jonhson, via C. Janssen, Borgo S. Michele, Latina, Italy
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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Schoubben A, Vivani R, Paolantoni M, Perinelli DR, Gioiello A, Macchiarulo A, Ricci M. D-leucine microparticles as an excipient to improve the aerosolization performances of dry powders for inhalation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 130:54-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pippa N, Perinelli DR, Pispas S, Bonacucina G, Demetzos C, Forys A, Trzebicka B. Studying the colloidal behavior of chimeric liposomes by cryo-TEM, micro-differential scanning calorimetry and high-resolution ultrasound spectroscopy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Perinelli DR, Bonacucina G, Cespi M, Bonazza F, Palmieri GF, Pucciarelli S, Polzonetti V, Attarian L, Polidori P, Vincenzetti S. A comparison among β-caseins purified from milk of different species: Self-assembling behaviour and immunogenicity potential. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 173:210-216. [PMID: 30296645 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Caseins are a family of proteins constituted by α-caseins (αs-1 and αs-2 caseins), β-caseins and κ-caseins. β-caseins, in particular, show a temperature and concentration-dependent self-assembling behaviour. Recently, β-casein micelles have been proposed as natural nanocarriers for the delivery of hydrophobic compounds, promoting their bioavailability. Until now, all studies regarding both chemical-physical characterization and applications of β-caseins have employed the protein of bovine origin. However, it could be interesting to exploit the use of β-caseins from other milk sources for their potential encapsulation ability and immunogenicity but, at present, no information on the self-assembling behaviour is available for β-caseins from the milk of species different from bovine. In this work, for the first time, β-caseins from human milk and from donkey, goat, and sheep milk were purified and their self-assembling behaviour was compared to that of a commercial bovine β-casein, the only one for which the concentration and temperature aggregation behaviour is known. Furthermore, a preliminary evaluation of the immunogenicity potential of β-casein from other milk sources has been performed by cross-reaction experiments using anti-β-casein antibodies from bovine origin. The results indicated a similar self-assembling profile among all β-caseins examined compared to the bovine β-casein, suggesting the possible use of β-casein from other milk sources as nanocarriers. Since donkey and human β-casein do not cross-react with bovine anti-β-casein antibodies, they could be particularly interesting for the development of self-assembling systems with lower hypoallergenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bonazza
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | | | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Loucine Attarian
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Paolo Polidori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
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Lucarini S, Fagioli L, Cavanagh R, Liang W, Perinelli DR, Campana M, Stolnik S, Lam JKW, Casettari L, Duranti A. Synthesis, Structure⁻Activity Relationships and In Vitro Toxicity Profile of Lactose-Based Fatty Acid Monoesters as Possible Drug Permeability Enhancers. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030081. [PMID: 29970849 PMCID: PMC6161018 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Permeability enhancers are receiving increased attention arising from their ability to increase transepithelial permeability and thus, bioavailability of orally or pulmonary administered biopharmaceutics. Here we present the synthesis and the in vitro assaying of a series of lactose-based non-ionic surfactants, highlighting the relationship between their structure and biological effect. Using tensiometric measurements the critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of the surfactants were determined and demonstrate that increasing hydrophobic chain length reduces surfactant CMC. In vitro testing on Caco-2 intestinal and Calu-3 airway epithelia revealed that cytotoxicity, assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, is presented for most of the surfactants at concentrations greater than their CMCs. Further biological study demonstrates that application of cytotoxic concentrations of the surfactants is associated with depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential, increasing nuclear membrane permeability and activation of effector caspases. It is, therefore, proposed that when applied at cytotoxic levels, the surfactants are inducing apoptosis in both cell lines tested. Importantly, through the culture of epithelial monolayers on Transwell® supports, the surfactants demonstrate the ability to reversibly modulate transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and thus open tight junctions, at non-toxic concentrations, emphasizing their potential application as safe permeability enhancers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lucarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
| | - Laura Fagioli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
| | - Robert Cavanagh
- Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Wanling Liang
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Mario Campana
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Snjezana Stolnik
- Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Jenny K W Lam
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
| | - Andrea Duranti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
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Rosi Cappellani M, Perinelli DR, Pescosolido L, Schoubben A, Cespi M, Cossi R, Blasi P. Injectable nanoemulsions prepared by high pressure homogenization: processing, sterilization, and size evolution. Appl Nanosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Perinelli DR, Lucarini S, Fagioli L, Campana R, Vllasaliu D, Duranti A, Casettari L. Lactose oleate as new biocompatible surfactant for pharmaceutical applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 124:55-62. [PMID: 29258912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sugar fatty acid esters are an interesting class of non-ionic, biocompatible and biodegradable sugar-based surfactants, recently emerged as a valid alternative to the traditional commonly employed (e.g. polysorbates and polyethylene glycol derivatives). By varying the polar head (carbohydrate moiety) and the hydrophobic tail (fatty acid), surfactants with different physico-chemical characteristics can be easily prepared. While many research papers have focused on sucrose derivatives, relatively few studies have been carried out on lactose-based surfactants. In this work, we present the synthesis and the physico-chemical characterization of lactose oleate. The new derivative was obtained by enzymatic mono-esterification of lactose with oleic acid. Thermal, surface, and aggregation properties of the surfactant were studied in detail and the cytotoxicity profile was investigated by MTS and LDH assays on intestinal Caco-2 monolayers. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements on Caco-2 cells showed a transient and reversible effect on the tight junctions opening, which correlates with the increased permeability of 4 kDa fluorescein-labelled dextran (as model for macromolecular drugs) in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, lactose oleate displayed a satisfactory antimicrobial activity over a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, the obtained results are promising for a further development of lactose oleate as an intestinal absorption enhancer and/or an alternative biodegradable preservative for pharmaceutical and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino (MC) 62032, Italy
| | - S Lucarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento n° 6, Urbino (PU) 61029, Italy
| | - L Fagioli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento n° 6, Urbino (PU) 61029, Italy
| | - R Campana
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento n° 6, Urbino (PU) 61029, Italy
| | - D Vllasaliu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - A Duranti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento n° 6, Urbino (PU) 61029, Italy
| | - L Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento n° 6, Urbino (PU) 61029, Italy.
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Perinelli DR, Vllasaliu D, Bonacucina G, Come B, Pucciarelli S, Ricciutelli M, Cespi M, Itri R, Spinozzi F, Palmieri GF, Casettari L. Rhamnolipids as epithelial permeability enhancers for macromolecular therapeutics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 119:419-425. [PMID: 28743594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of surfactants as drug permeability enhancers across epithelial barriers remains a challenge. Although many studies have been performed in this field using synthetic surfactants, the possibility of employing surfactants produced by bacteria (the so called biosurfactants") has not been completely explored. Among them, one of the most well characterized class of biosurfactants are rhamnolipids. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rhamnolipids on the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) as model for macromolecular drugs, across Caco-2 and Calu-3monolayers. These cell lines were selected as an in vitro model for the oral and respiratory administration of drugs. Before performing permeability studies, rhamnolipids mixture was analysed in terms of chemical composition and quantification through mass analysis and HPLC. Cytotoxicity and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies were also conducted using Caco-2 and Calu-3 cell lines. A dose-dependent effect of rhamnolipids on TEER and FD4 or FD10 permeability across both cell lines was observed at relatively safe concentrations. Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Benedetta Come
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Massimo Ricciutelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Rosangela Itri
- Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, IFUSP, Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187, 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francesco Spinozzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
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Martarelli D, Casettari L, Shalaby KS, Soliman ME, Cespi M, Bonacucina G, Fagioli L, Perinelli DR, Lam JKW, Palmieri GF. Optimization of Melatonin Dissolution from Extended Release Matrices Using Artificial Neural Networking. Curr Drug Deliv 2017; 13:565-73. [PMID: 26051184 DOI: 10.2174/1567201812666150608101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficacy of melatonin in treating sleep disorders has been demonstrated in numerous studies. Being with short half-life, melatonin needs to be formulated in extended-release tablets to prevent the fast drop of its plasma concentration. However, an attempt to mimic melatonin natural plasma levels during night time is challenging. METHODS In this work, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were used to optimize melatonin release from hydrophilic polymer matrices. Twenty-seven different tablet formulations with different amounts of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, xanthan gum and Carbopol®974P NF were prepared and subjected to drug release studies. Using dissolution test data as inputs for ANN designed by Visual Basic programming language, the ideal number of neurons in the hidden layer was determined trial and error methodology to guarantee the best performance of constructed ANN. RESULTS Results showed that the ANN with nine neurons in the hidden layer had the best results. ANN was examined to check its predictability and then used to determine the best formula that can mimic the release of melatonin from a marketed brand using similarity fit factor. CONCLUSION This work shows the possibility of using ANN to optimize the composition of prolonged-release melatonin tablets having dissolution profile desired.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino, Piazza Rinascimento n°6, 61029, Urbino (PU), Italy.
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Perinelli DR, Cespi M, Bonacucina G, Naylor A, Whitaker M, Lam JKW, Howdle SM, Casettari L, Palmieri GF. PEGylated Biodegradable Polyesters for PGSS Microparticles Formulation: Processability, Physical and Release Properties. Curr Drug Deliv 2017; 13:673-81. [PMID: 26674199 DOI: 10.2174/1567201813666151207111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particles from Gas Saturated Solution (PGSS) is an emergent method that employs supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to produce microparticles. It is suitable for encapsulating biologically active compounds including therapeutic peptides and proteins. Poly(lactide acid) (PLA) and/or poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) are the most commonly used materials in PGSS, due to their good processability in scCO2. Previous studies demonstrated that the properties of the microparticles can be modulated by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) or tri-block PEGylated copolymers. OBJECTIVE In the present work, the effect of the addition of biodegradable PEGylated di-block copolymers on the physical properties and drug release performance of microparticles prepared by PGSS technique was evaluated. METHOD mPEG5kDa-P(L)LA and mPEG5kDa-P(L)LGA with similar molecular weights were synthesized and their behaviour, when exposed to supercritical CO2, was investigated. Different microparticle formulations, composed of a high (81%) or low (9%) percentage of the synthesized copolymers were prepared and compared in terms of particle size distribution, morphology, yield and protein release. Drug release studies were performed using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. RESULTS PEGylated copolymers showed good processability in PGSS without significant changes to the physical properties of the microparticles. However, the addition of PEG exerted a modulating effect on the microparticle drug dissolution behaviour, increasing the rate of BSA release as a function of its content in the formulation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the feasibility of producing microparticles by using PEGylated di-block copolymers through a PGSS technique at mild operating conditions (low operating pressure and temperature).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Piazza Rinascimento, 6, Urbino (PU) 61029, Italy.
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Cespi M, Quassinti L, Perinelli DR, Bramucci M, Iannarelli R, Papa F, Ricciutelli M, Bonacucina G, Palmieri GF, Maggi F. Microemulsions enhance the shelf‐life and processability of
Smyrnium olusatrum
L. essential oil. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy University of Camerino Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Luana Quassinti
- School of Pharmacy University of Camerino Camerino (MC) Italy
| | | | | | | | - Fabrizio Papa
- School of Pharmacy University of Camerino Camerino (MC) Italy
| | | | | | | | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy University of Camerino Camerino (MC) Italy
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Perinelli DR, Cespi M, Casettari L, Vllasaliu D, Cangiotti M, Ottaviani MF, Giorgioni G, Bonacucina G, Palmieri GF. Correlation among chemical structure, surface properties and cytotoxicity of N-acyl alanine and serine surfactants. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 109:93-102. [PMID: 27693676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity is one of the main concerns limiting the use of surfactants. Many efforts have been devoted to the development of new amphiphilic molecules characterized by a lower toxicological profile and environmental impact. N-acyl amino acids are a class of anionic surfactants that can find applications in different technological fields as an alternative to sulphate-based surfactants (e.g., sodium dodecyl sulphate). The understanding of the relationship between chemical structure and toxicological profile is fundamental for the disclosure of the full potential of these amphiphiles. With this aim, two series of N-acyl surfactants, with different length of the hydrophobic tails and serine or alanine as polar head, were synthesized and fully characterized. The correlation between the surface and toxicological parameters allowed highlighting the role exerted by the length of the hydrocarbon chain and the polar head on cytotoxicity. The length of the hydrocarbon chain mainly influences surface properties and toxicological parameters, while the amino acid polar head may play a key role only on cellular toxicity. Overall, our data suggest that minor differences in the polar head, not significantly affecting CMC values, may have an impact on cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Pharmacy, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK
| | - Michela Cangiotti
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
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Bonacucina G, Logrippo S, Cespi M, Ganzetti R, Casettari L, Sestili M, Perinelli DR, Ricciutelli M, Marziali A, Polidori C, Palmieri GF. Chemical and microbiological stability studies of an aqueous solution of pravastatin sodium salt for drug therapy of the dysphagic patients. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2016; 23:288-293. [PMID: 31156867 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2015-000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study is aimed to improve dysphagic patient compliance under therapy with cholesterol-lowering drugs. Patients suffering severe dysphagia, who do not feed independently, receive enteral nutrition through feeding tube and they need alternative oral route also for the administration of pharmacological therapy. This research deals with the development and stability (chemical and microbiological) of an aqueous solution of pravastatin sodium salt that will be administered orally directly in the feeding tube starting from commercial tablets. Tablets formulation is the only pharmaceutical dosage form available on the market for this type of drug. Methods Pravastatin sodium salt tablets are dissolved in a preserved sodium bicarbonate solution at the final concentration of 4 mg/mL. Samples are stored in two different conditions until 60 days. The samples are prepared for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD), microbiological analysis and pH measurements. Results The chemical stability of the solution performed with HPLC-DAD analysis shows peaks' overlapping, which are characteristic of pravastatin, and correspondence of the concentration of the active ingredient in the solution. The detected values are analysed by one-way analysis of variance showing no statistically significant differences. Microbiological analyses proved that there is not microbial growth. By considering the dilution factor applied, it was possible to express the result as <10 CFU/mL in the two different culture media. Conclusion This study demonstrated the possibility to reformulate pravastatin tablets as liquid pharmaceutical formulation for enteral administration with the aim of improving drug therapy in dysphagic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Roberta Ganzetti
- Hospital Pharmacy, Italian National Research Centers on Aging (I.N.R.C.A.), Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Matteo Sestili
- Hospital Pharmacy, Italian National Research Centers on Aging (I.N.R.C.A.), Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonella Marziali
- Hospital Microbiological Laboratory, Italian National Research Centers on Aging (I.N.R.C.A.), Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlo Polidori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Cespi M, Bonacucina G, Pucciarelli S, Cocci P, Perinelli DR, Casettari L, Illum L, Palmieri GF, Palermo FA, Mosconi G. Evaluation of thermosensitive poloxamer 407 gel systems for the sustained release of estradiol in a fish model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:954-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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